新视界大学英语2Unit 6 Further reading

,Furtherreading,Culturepoints,Warmingup,Watchavideoclipaboutplaceboeffectmagicanddiscussthequestions.,Haveyoueverexperiencedany“placeboeffect”inyourlife?Doesitworkafteryouknowthatitsjusttheplacebo?,Lookatthebeginningofthepassageandanswerthequestion.,Warmingup,Michaelwasaregularvisitortohislocalhospital,oftenappearingaroundmidnight,complainingofsevereheadachesandrequestinganinjectionofadrugwhichhadhelpedinthepast.Onenight,thedutydoctorgavehimaninjectionofsalinesaltwaterinstead,anditworked.,Warmingup,IfyouwereMichael,wouldyou_?(a)beangrywhenyoufoundoutwhatthedoctorhaddone(b)askforthesametreatmentnexttime(c)concludethatyourproblemwaspsychological,notphysical(d)thinkthattherewasnoconnectionbetweentheinjectionandtheheadachedisappearing,NowreadthepassageandfindoutmoreaboutMichaelandtheplaceboeffect.,Task,Browsethepassagewithin8minutesandfindoutwhichquestionsonthepreviouspagethepassageanswersinfull.AnswerthequestionsofActivity2and3onpage124.,Skimmingpainkillersareoftenpackagedinredandorangeboxes.Theplaceboeffectliesbeyondthechemicaleffect:Itstheceremonyandculturalmeaningofthetreatmentwhichismoreimportant.,译文,Digging,6Furthermore,sincetheplaceboisineffectsomethingfake,itraisesanethicaldilemma:Shouldadoctordeceivetheirpatients?Surelythiswouldundermineourbeliefinmedicine,andchallengethedoctorscodeofconduct.AtleastMichaelsdoctorrevealedherdeceitafterthetreatment.Butshouldshehavepractiseditinthefirstplace?,译文,Digging,7ThisrecentinsightintotheMind-Bodyeffecthastaughtbothdoctorsandpatientsthattheirrelationshiphasundergoneachange.Itsnolongeronewhichisrestrictedsimplybythereactionsofthebodytochemicals.Ithasbecomeahumanrelationshipwherethedoctorinteractswithus,thepatients.Thedoctorissomeonewhoiscaringforus,andofferingtohelp.Itsarelationshipwhichmayexplaintouswhywefeelsickandwhatwecandotogetbetter.,译文,Digging,Wegethope,supportandhumanwarmth.Themeaningofthetreatmentbecomesmoreimportantthanitschemicaleffects,andthismayleadtoagenuinereaction,whereourpulseratedrops,werelax,andourstresslevelsdecrease.,8Oncedoctorsbegintomakeuseoftheplaceboeffectandpatientsrespondtoit,societybecomesmoreawareofthegreaterextentoftheMind-Bodyeffect.Itsasocietywhereordinarypeoplebecomemoreawareoftheiremotionalhealthanditsconsequencesontheirphysicalhealth.Allthisbecomespartofacollectivecommonsense,andsocietyasawholebecomesmorehealthy.,译文,Digging,End,Difficultsentences,Astheexampleswhichfollowshow,patientsfeelevenbetteriftheshammedicinetheyaregivenappearstocomefromawell-knowndrugcompanyandisthepsychologically“correct”colour.Althoughthepassagedoesnotgointoit,evenethnicbackgroundcanaffectwhichsortofplaceboworksforyou.,1.Patientsresponsestotheplaceboeffecttakeusbeyondtheworldofemotionalandphysicalwell-beingintoareassuchasbrandingorculturalassociation.(Line1,Para5),Text,2.Theplaceboeffectliesbeyondthechemicaleffect:Itstheceremonyandculturalmeaningofthetreatmentwhichismoreimportant.(Line12,Para5),Difficultsentences,Havinganursecomeandgiveoneaninjectionisanexampleofamedicalritualorceremony.Inotherculturesyoumightexpectsomeonetomovetheirhandsoveryouandsingancientsongstheexpectedtreatmentdiffers,buttheeffectisthesame.,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Casubstancethatisnotmedicinebutthatapatientwhoistakingitbelievesismedicine,sotheygetbetter安慰剂,placebo,如果病人知道是安慰剂的话，那它就没有效果了。,Words,Theplacebowillnotworkifthepatientknowsitisaplacebo.,例句,翻译,Itisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody.,我们仍然不清楚安慰剂到底是如何治病的。,Text,释义1,a.seriousandunpleasant(病痛)剧烈的；(伤势或病情)严重的,severe,Thisdrugrelievedtheseverepaininmychest.,Words,例句,翻译,这个药减轻了我胸部的剧痛。,Ihaveaseveretoothache.,我的牙疼很严重。,例句,翻译,例句,翻译,释义2,a.veryseriousandworrying(问题)严重的,有些地方专业人员严重短缺。,Words,Shortagesofprofessionalstaffareverysevereinsomeplaces.,改革使贫困人口遇到了严重的经济困难。,Thereformshavecausedsevereeconomichardshipforthepoorestmembersofthepopulation.,例句,翻译,severe,Assoonasthedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything.(Jun.2003,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.tomakesomeonebelievethatsomethingistrue使确信；使信服,这样的解释无法使我信服。,Words,Suchexplanationdoesntconvinceme.,Thewastedisposalindustryisfindingitdifficulttoconvincethepublicthatitsoperationsaresafe.,例句,翻译,垃圾处理业发现很难让公众相信其操作是安全的。,convince,Weareconvincedthatyoumeantodousgoodbyyourproposal;andwethankyouheartily.(Jan.1989,CET4,Readingcomprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C(plphenomena)aneventorsituationthatcanbeseentohappenorexist现象,有些人将“真人秀”节目视作一个令人不安的新现象。,Words,SomepeopleseerealityTVshowsasadisturbingnewphenomenon.,phenomenon,例句,翻译,公路暴力似乎是最近才有的现象。,Roadrageseemstobeafairlyrecentphenomenon.,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.madetolooklikesomethingrealinordertotrickpeople假的；伪造的；冒充的,fake,Itisfilledwithfamousworksofart,andeveryoneofthemisafake.,市场有很多假名牌。,Words,Onthemarketyoucanfindmanyfakebrands.,例句,翻译,这里满是艺术名品，但每一件都是赝品。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.toreportordescribesomethinginawaythatmakespeoplenoticeitandthinkaboutit使突出；使强调；使注意力集中于,用对比色会突出你房间的形状和尺寸。,Words,Usingcontrastingcolourswillhighlighttheshapeanddimensionsofyourroom.,例句,翻译,你的简历应突出你的技能和成绩。,Yourresumshouldhighlightyourskillsandachievements.,highlight,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.notrealbutonlycreatedbyyourmind想象中的；假想的,该剧中的人物都是虚构的。,Words,Allthecharactersinthisplayareimaginary.,例句,翻译,赤道只是一条假想的线。,TheEquatorisjustanimaginaryline.,imaginary,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vi.tograduallybecomelessclearornoticeableuntilitfinallydisappears逐渐消失,fade,他们听见有人经过房门的脚步声，后来声音逐渐在远处消失。,Words,Theyheardfootstepsgopasttheroom,thenfadeintothedistance.,例句,翻译,喷气式飞机的声音逐渐消失了。,Thesoundofthejetplanefadedaway.,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.anunconsciousfeelingorthoughtisonethatyoudonotrealizeyouhave(感情或想法)无意识的，不自觉的,父母很多时都没有意识到自己在各方面影响着孩子。,Words,Parentsareoftenquiteunconsciousofthewaysinwhichtheyinfluencetheirchildren.,例句,翻译,这些冲动通常是完全潜意识的。,Theseimpulsesareoftentotallyunconscious.,unconscious,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.tomakeanorganizedanddeterminedattempttodealwithaproblem解决；应付；处理,tackle,毒品问题必须毫不回避地解决处理。,Words,Thedrugsproblemhastobetackledhead-on.,例句,翻译,果断处理这些问题的首要原因是为了挽救孩子们的生命。,Thefirstreasontotackletheseproblemsistosavechildrenslives.,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Caparticularpart,feature,orqualityofsomething方面；特色；特点,aspect,Wheneverythingturnsgreen,thecountrysidepresentsatrulybeautifulaspect.,因特网影响着我们生活的方方面面。,Words,TheInternetaffectseveryaspectofourlives.,例句,翻译,当一切都变绿后，乡间呈现出一派美丽宜人的景色。,Text,Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.(Jun.1999,CET4,ShortAnswerQuestions),真题,例句,翻译,释义,n.sing,Uthesizeofsomething,especiallywhenitisbig大小，规模,scale,这种布娃娃正以商业规模大量生产。,Words,Thedollsarenowproducedonacommercialscale.,Thebreak-downoflawandordercouldresultinkillingonamassivescale.,法律和秩序一旦崩溃便可能导致大规模的屠杀。,例句,翻译,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,Uphysicaldamagedonetoapersonorapartoftheirbody伤害；损害,injury,医治伤害的方法便是忘却伤害。,Words,Theremedyforinjuriesisnottorememberthem.,Thedoctorsaidhewouldriskseriousinjuryifheweretofallagain.,医生说如果他再次跌倒的话，会有受重伤的危险。,例句,翻译,Wearingaseatbeltsaveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.(Jan.1989,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.notasgoodassomethingelse次等的；较差的,inferior,Hepreferredthecompanyofthosewhowereintellectuallyinferiortohimself.,如果让孩子们感觉他们不如其他孩子，他们的信心就会减弱。,Words,Ifchildrenweremadetofeelinferiortootherchildrentheirconfidencedeclined.,例句,翻译,他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。,Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedandinferiorinquality.(Jun.2002,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,Umedicaltreatmentinwhichadoctorcutsopensomeonesbody外科手术,surgery,Truth,likesurgery,mayhurt,butitcures.,你也许根本不需要动手术。,Words,Youmaynotneedsurgeryafterall.,例句,翻译,真理，像外科手术一样，可能使人疼痛，但却可治愈疾病。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Careaction反应；回应,response,Herresponsewastoleavetheroomandslamthedoor.,我留了口信，但没有得到回复。,Words,Iveleftmessages,buttheresbeennoresponse.,例句,翻译,她的反应是离开房间并把门砰地关上。,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,n.Caconnectionbetweentwothings关系；联系,association,Myassociationwithhimgoesbacktoourdaysinhighschool.,该研究显示饮食与多种疾病之间存在着联系。,Words,Theresearchshowedanassociationbetweendietandvariousdiseases.,例句,翻译,我和他的交往可以追溯到我们的高中时代。,Theyarebuildingthedaminassociationwithanotherfirm.(Jan.1992,CET4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,释义2,n.Cagroupofpeoplewhohavejoinedtogetherbecausetheyhavesimilarinterestsoraims协会；联盟,Researchassociationsareoftenlinkedtoaparticularindustry.,她是牙科医师协会的会长。,Words,Sheispresidentofthedentalassociation.,例句,翻译,研究协会经常与某个特定的行业相关。,association,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Uaworriedfeelingyouhavebecauseyouthinksomethingbadmighthappen焦虑；忧虑,Therewasalotofanxietyabouttheresultsofthetalks.,人们对经济情况的忧虑在增加。,Words,Peoplesanxietyabouttheeconomyisincreasing.,例句,翻译,对于会谈的结果大家都很焦虑。,anxiety,Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenages9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.(Dec.2003,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.totricksomeonebybehavinginadishonestway欺骗,deceive,Yourejustdeceivingyourselfifyouthinkhellcomebacktoyou.,他们骗那个老人在文件上签了字。,Words,Theydeceivedtheoldmanintosigningthepapers.,例句,翻译,如果你认为他会回到你身边，那你是在自欺欺人。,名词词性：deceit,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,Udishonestbehaviourthatisintendedtotricksomeone欺骗；欺诈,deceit,Words,例句,翻译,Heraccountoftheaffairwasshowntobefullofliesanddeceits.,这则广告的内容大都是骗人的。,Thereistoomuchdeceitinthisadvertisement.,她对这一事件的陈述已被证明满是谎言与欺骗。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.tomakesomethingorsomeonebecomegraduallylesseffective,confident,orsuccessful逐渐削弱；逐渐损害,undermine,Hispositionwithinthegovernmenthasbeenseriouslyundermined.,工作压力损害了她的健康。,Words,Herhealthwasunderminedbythestressofherjob.,例句,翻译,他在政府中的地位遭到严重削弱。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.U(fml)thewaysomeonebehaves,especiallyinrelationtoparticularrulesoracceptedwaysofbehaving行为；举止,conduct,Effortsweremadetoregulatetheconductofcrowdsatfootballgames.,这个囚犯因品行良好而获得提前释放。,Words,Theprisonerwasreleasedearlyforgoodconduct.,例句,翻译,当局作出努力规范足球比赛中球迷的行为。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,U(into)achancetounderstandsomethingorlearnmoreaboutit洞悉；深入了解；见解,insight,经验丰富的专家具有专业的技术和洞察力。,Words,Theexperiencedspecialisthasprofessionalskillsandinsight.,真题,那篇文章使我们对中国文化有了深刻的理解。,ThearticlegivesusarealinsightintoChineseculture.,翻译,Text,Thefilmprovidesadeepinsightintoawiderangeofhumanqualifiesandfeelings.(Jan.2003,CET4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,释义1,vt.toexperienceaprocessofchange经历（变化的过程）,undergo,公司经历了几次重大变化。,Words,Thecompanyunderwentseveralmajorchanges.,真题,很多昆虫在发育过程中身体形态会经历几种变化。,Manyinsectsundergoseveralchangesinbodyformduringtheirdevelopment.,翻译,例句,翻译,释义2,vt.toexperiencesomething,especiallysomethingthatisunpleasantbutnecessary经受，承受(尤指不愉快的事情),那家公司正在经受着严重的财政危机。,Words,Thecompanyisundergoingseverefinancialcrises.,真题,战争发生以来，我们经历了许多苦难。,Wehaveundergonemanyhardshipssincethewar.,翻译,undergo,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vi.ifonepersoninteractswithanother,theycommunicatewithoneanotherandreacttooneanother,oftenwhileperforminganactivitytogether相互交流；互动,interact,做游戏是一家人互相交流的一个途径。,Words,Playingagameisawayforafamilytointeract.,真题,桌子被摆成U字形，这样老师和学生交流会很方便。,DesksarearrangedinaU-shape,sotheteachercaninteracteasilywiththestudents.,翻译,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,tosayyouhaveapainorareill诉说(病痛),complainof,老妇人总是抱怨头疼但又不去看病。,Words,Theoldwomankeptcomplainingoftheheadachebutrefusedtogotoseethedoctor.,真题,他是个非常自我克制的人，从不抱怨病痛的折磨。,Heisquiteaself-restraintperson,nevercomplainofthesufferingfromtheillness.,翻译,Manypeoplecomplainoftherapidpaceofmodernlife.(Jun.1991,CET4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,释义2,tosaythatsomethingbadhashappened控诉,年轻人有时抱怨无法与父母沟通思想。,Words,Youngpeoplesometimescomplainofnotbeingabletocommunicatewiththeirparents.,真题,游客抱怨需要花六周时间等签证，并且签证官还索贿。,visitorscomplainofsix-weekwaitsforvisasandofofficialsdemandingbribes.,翻译,complainof,Text,例句,翻译,释义,usedforgivingasummaryofwhatyouthinkthesituationreallyis事实上；实际上,ineffect,她的答复事实上是一种道歉。,Words,Herreplyisineffectanapology.,真题,那两个办法实际上是一样的。,Thetwomethodswereineffectidentical.,翻译,Text,例句,翻译,释义,todothenecessarythingsforsomeonewhoneedshelporprotection照看；照顾,careforsb,要是孩子们的父母离开的话，谁来照顾他们呢?,Words,Whowillcareforthechildreniftheirparentsareaway?,真题,国家必须照料阵亡军人家属的生活。,TheStatemustcareforthefamiliesofsoldierskilledinthewar.,翻译,Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.(Jan.1994,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,consideringallthepartsofsomethingasoneunit总体上；整个看来,asawhole,这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖?,Words,Isthecollectiongoingtobedivideduporsoldasawhole?,真题,世界作为一个整体将仍需一年多的时间才能从粮食危机中恢复过来。,Itwilltakemorethanayearfortheworldasawholetorecoverfromthefoodcrisis.,翻译,Text,心理对生理的影响安慰剂效应迈克尔是当地医院的常客，他经常半夜里来到医院，抱怨自己头疼得厉害，要求打一针，这种药以前对他很有用。一天晚上，值班医生给他打的不是那种药，而是一针生理盐水盐水