unit3整理(上外)新编英语教程 大一下.doc

A New English Course 2Unit 3Language StructuresLanguage structures: passive sentence1. involving the modal auxiliary have to 2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and an indirect object.3. involving the verb phrase/phrasal verb.4. formed by the they say/ it is saidpatterns.学习要点：多动词充当谓语的被动语态同简单谓语动词一样，把整个词组作谓语，动词的被动语态可根据情况有数和时态的变化。e.g.-The matter has been taken up by the police. It is being looked into now.-A short play will be put on at the party.-New questions are constantly being brought upon on the agenda.-The children are taken good care of in the nursery.-Such a practice must not be looked down upon.New words and expressions:magnetic a. with the properties of a magnet; having a powerful attraction 具有磁性的，有强大吸引力的e.g.-The block becomes magnetic when the current is switched on. 通电时线圈即具有磁性。-He is the most magnetic male dance in the Royal Ballet. 他是皇家芭蕾舞剧团最有魅力的男性。Collection:a magnetic smile 具有吸引力的微笑。magnetic field 磁场magnetic needle 磁针magnetic tape 录音带，录像带Word family: magnet n. 磁铁 magnetize v.磁化 magnetism n. 磁性，磁学conscientious a. (of a people or conduct) careful to do one ought to do, and do it as well as one can. （指人或行为）认真的，刻苦的，负责的e.g.-She is an excellent student-bright, attentive and conscientious.sewerage：n. 排水设备, 污水e.g. -The government plans to improve the local sewerage networks under a series of sewerage collecting plans.renovate v. restore (esp. old buildings) to good condition 修复（尤指建筑物）修整Word family: renovation n. 修整e.g.-This college is under renovation. 这所学院正在进行修复。Comparison:restore refresh renovaterestore 多用于书面，常指在耗尽，枯竭或病倒后恢复到原来正常的状态，也可指由于天长日久，事故，战火而遭到损害和伤害之后，恢复到原来的状态。或在失去某种重要的，基本的性质特点后恢复到原来的状态。refresh 常指提供某种必要的东西使精力恢复，使精神振作，或是失去的东西得到补充。renovate 几乎只用于物质方面的东西。不能用于抽象的东西，而且也不那么有文采，不那么富有修辞意味或诗意。它仅表示打扫，整修或是翻新某物，尤其是久的建筑物，使其焕然一新。e.g.-We sincerely hope that you will soon be restored to health.-Sleep refreshes both body and mind.-The house cannot be renovated Language structures:1. overtime2. physical handicap3. expandPractice:4. The tape-recorders give scratchy sounds.5. magnetic heads6. jaywalk7. tell the pedestrians to use the zebra crossing8. work overtime9. practical10.hoarse voice11. shabby clothes12. hand out brochures to visitors at the exhibition13. put forward a good proposal at the discussion14. arrive at a decision at the meeting15. enjoyment16. an amusement park17. a place to go fro recreation and pleasure18. set up a modern sewerage system19. draw up a plan20. map out a construction planDialogue INew words and expressions:turn out to be/ turn out that: prove to be sb./ sth.证明是,结果是e.g. -This job turned out to be harder than we thought. -It turned out that we couldnt stay longer.Bother v. bring trouble to sbThank you, but please dont bother.What a bother! We miss the last bus.if the worst comes to the worst: if the worst possible situation actually happens 若情况太困难或是太危险e.g.-If the worst comes to the worst, we will have to cancel our holiday plans. riot: n. wild or violent disturbance by a crowd of people 暴乱，骚乱。e.g.-Therell be a riot if the government doesnt invest more in this service. Collection: run riot 撒野，闹事e.g.-Football hooligans ran riot throughout the town. Word family:riot v.暴动 riotous a. 混乱的。exaggerate v.: make (sth) seem larger, better, worse etc. than it really is, beyond the truth. e.g.-He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing. -She always exaggerates when she tells something shes done.Word family: exaggerated a. 夸张的； exaggeration n. 夸张e.g. -He has an exaggerated sense of his own importance. terminal a.: of the last stage, at the end. 晚期的，末期的。n. area or a building at a railway station, bus, ship or airport. 终点站，候机楼。e.g.-His illness is terminal. (cannot be cured) -Dont leave your luggage unattended in the terminal building. mob n. large disorderly crowd, esp. one that has gathered to attack or cause mischiefe.g.-An angry mob is attacking the palace.elbow ones way to 用肘挤push and press ones way to 又推又压old, aged, elderly, elderold 主要强调人处于年龄的后一阶段，还表示任何动物“老的”或东西“陈旧”。aged 在表示年岁已高的同时，还有衰弱的含义。elderly 主要强调年岁已过中年，渐老的意思。常意味着尊严而不是累赘。elder “年纪较长的 ”，用于指家庭兄弟姐妹之间的年龄较长者或者是一群人中年龄较大者。e.g.-His mother is beginning to look old.-You should respect elderly people.-She is my elder daughter. -The sick and the aged need our help.preoccupy v. engage (sb. or his mind, thought, etc.) so that he cant think of other things, obsess占据某人的思想，迷住。e.g.-Something seems to be preoccupying her at the moment. He was preoccupied with a problem of his own. Word family:preoccupied a. 心不在焉 preoccupation n.You look preoccupied: what are you thinking of?spit and litterlitter v. make a place dirty, scatter rubbish.乱扔垃圾 n. rubbish 垃圾。e.g.-Hes always littering up the room with his old magazines.-Her desk was covered in a litter of books and papers. pass sth. down (esp. passive) 将某物从一代传给下一代。e.g.-Knowledge has been passed down over the centuries. 1. farewell to rude manners2. rude people with rough behavior3. it turns to be a terrible experience.4. an overcrowded bus with no order and in a near-riot5. Im not exaggerating.6. I see what you mean.7. During the rush hour you have to fight your way in, and fight your way out when you get off.8. people with no manners.9. At the bus terminal, there was a big crowd.10. the crowd grew bigger and bigger.11. rush the door12. what craziness!13. some young guys pushed hard and elbowed their way to the front.14. a woman carrying a baby lost her balance and fell down in this mad scramble.15. its shocking to see young people behave so badly.16. as a rule17. I came across something as dreadful the other day.18. The bus was very crowded.19. seats reserved for the old and weak.20. two robust young men21. totally ignore ones presence.22. Those young men were too preoccupied with themselves23. they have the me-first mentality.24. unblushingly exhibit25. in public places26. they dont seem to care about the public code of conduct.27. show respect for others28. its time we did something and bade farewell to all rude manners.29. Im all for developing socialist ethics.30. the socialist moral standards ought to be passed down from generation to generation.Role-play1. In China while some people are imbued with self-interests and have no sense of responsibility, many others are doing good service to the people unselfishly.2. retired3. seas on public vehicles readily offered to the aged, the weak, the sick, the disabled, the pregnant, people carrying babies.4. be rushed to hospital at once5. hospital staff6. No spitting, no littering in public places.7. orderly8. the change for the better in the peoples mental outlook9. uncivilized behavior10. his former teacher11.cite some examples to sb cite to sb some examplesDialogue II UncertaintyNew words and expressions:bewilderment n. bewilder v. puzzle sb. confuse 混乱e.g.-The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds.The big city bewildered the old woman from the countryside.baffle v. be too difficult for sb. to understand, puzzle; prevent sb. from doing sth. 困惑，难倒，阻止。e.g.-The question baffled me completely and I couldnt answer it.-She baffled all our attempts to find her. word family: bafflement n.elucidate v. make sth. clear, explaine.g.-The notes helped to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text.mix sb./sh. up (with sb./sth): confusee.g.-Now you have mixed me up completely. Auditorium n.Crawl v. to move forward on your hands and knees.We learn to crawl before we learn to walk.Interrogation n.Under interrogation, he refused to say anything at first.Interrogate v.Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing.The lawyer took a long time to interrogate the witness errogative adj.an interrogative sentencean interrogative lookopaque a. not allowing light to pass through, not transparent; not cleare.g.The once clear mountain stream is now polluted and opaque.The report was written in long, opaque sentences.-I felt his report was deliberately opaque.word family: opacity=opaqueness 不透明性comparison: vague, opaquevague 表示“不清楚的，模糊的 ”含义，引申为“混乱的，含混的”opaque 表示“不透明的，不反光的，暗的” 引申为“难了解的，晦涩的 ”e.g.-We can see the vague outlines of the mountains from here.-There was a shower with an opaque glass door.Caretaker / janitorsSee a light onThe safe had been burgled.BurglaryThe windowpanes are opaque.OverlookRoutine workIm as baffled as you are.To tell you the truthYouve got me all mixed up.Im absolutely confused by your questioning.Reading I A Shoppers Nightmare cardiganNew words and expressions:sensible a. reasonablee.g.-You must try to be more parison: sensitive adj. 易生气的，敏感的 -Dont be so sensitive. I wasnt criticizing you.allergic adj. 过敏Alice is allergic to the fur of catsreceipt n. a written acknowledgment by a receiver of money, goods, etc, that payment or delivery has been madeYour change and receipt. Collect your receipt, please. grab v. grasp sth. suddenly or roughly, snatch sth. selfishly or rudely，e.g.-When I gave him the chance, he grabbed it at once.vicious a. acting or done with evil intentions, spitefulor acting violentlye.g.-The vicious guy attacked an elderly man.-What a vicious trick he played!word family: viciously ad. viciousness n. virtuous cycle vicious cyclearson ： 纵火 assassin ： 暗杀 assault ： 袭击 blackmail ： 敲诈，勒索 bootlegging ： 贩卖违禁品 break-in ： 非法闯入 bribery ： 行贿受贿 bug ： 窃听 burglary ： 入室盗窃 child abuse ： 虐待儿童 counterfeit ： 伪造 credit-card fraud ： 信用卡欺诈 drug abuse ： 吸毒 drunk driving ： 酒后驾驶 edp crimes ： 电脑犯罪 embezzlement ： 贪污 first-degree murder ： 一级谋杀案 forgery ：伪造 gamble ： 赌博 hijack ： 劫持 hit-and-run ：肇事逃逸 hold-up ： 持枪抢劫 juvenile delinquency ： 青少年犯罪 larceny ： 偷盗 libel ： 文字诽谤 money laundering 洗钱 perjury ： 伪证 innocence n. (of a person) being not guilty e.g.- Do something in innocence. word family: innocent adj.e.g.- Dont be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you. furious a. full of violent anger e.g.- She was absolutely furious at his behaviour.word family: fury n. 大发雷霆ruthless a. cruel, having or showing no pity, never stoppinge.g.-She showed ruthless disregard for other peoples feelings. -Once you decide, set off at a ruthless pace. fragile a. easily damaged or broken, delicate, weak e.g.-This glass disc looks very fragile.-Human happiness is so fragile.-The old lady was increasingly fragile after her operation.word family: fragilitycomparison: faint weak feeble fragilefaint 虚弱的，眩晕的。直人在某一时刻感觉虚弱，支持不住就要晕倒了。这种虚弱通常不是天生体质上虚弱，而是由于某种原因造成的暂时性虚弱。weak 和 feeble 均可指虚弱，衰弱，weak 为常用词，既可以指体力也可以指心理上地衰弱。feeble意义狭窄，智人因为患病而精力或体力衰弱，含令人怜悯或轻蔑之意。fragile 脆弱的，指物体容易打碎，或人容易受伤害，体质虚弱，也可以指抽象事务不稳定，易被破碎。e.g.-He felt faint through lack of food.-The spirit of the little boy is a fragile thing and he cannot be pushed around beyond endurance.-He is weak in mind and body.-The old lady is too feeble to do her own shopping.Dash into / dash out ofExchangeRush intoHelpfulOriginalRejoinA stern, bearded manSurprisingly similarDemand to do.MarchA side entranceAssumeCunning trickUninterestedReading A Letter of ComplaintNew words and expressions1. complain vt. & vi. : If you complain about a situation, you say youre not satisfied with it.She often complains (to sb) that the boy is dishonest.I have to complain to the manager about it. complaint n.This is a cause of complaint.Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police.2. ample adj. plenty of. ; a lot of The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light.Thirty dollars will be ample for the purpose.The election was given ample coverage on TV.3.protest n. & vt. vi. I cant pass the matter by without a protest.They were formally protesting.He protested the decision made by the committee.4. considerable adj. great in amount or degreeIt is a considerable sum of money.They have given the plan considerable attention.considerate adj. if someone is considerate, he or she pay attention to needs, wishes or feelings of others.We think that he is the most considerate person we have ever met.It was very considerate of you to send me a postcard.5.hospitable adj. friendly, generous and welcoming to guests or people they have just met.Chinese people are hospitable and welcoming. hospitality n.Thank you for your kind hospitality.The hosts hospi