高中英语语法填空解题技巧PPT课件

.,1,高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法,.,2,(1)纯空格题：通常考_等四类词。一个空格填个单词,(2)有提示词题型：通常考_、_、_等。一个空格可以填_个单词,冠词、介词、连词和代词,一,动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,词性转换,最多三,名词,.,3,第一部分,纯空格,.,4,3.theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway.4.Istillremembertaking_visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypub(酒店)forlunch.,考点一：冠词,名词之前,Thereoncewereagoat(山羊)andadonkey(驴).Sothefarmerkilled_goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjectto(受到)thiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas_shy,nervousperfectionist(完美主义者).,the,a,考查语法点:定冠词,不定冠词的用法,考点分析,a,a,无提示词,.,5,下列情况很可能填：(1)_+可数n.(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数n.(单数)。,下列情况下很可能填：(1)_(+形容词)+n.+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)_(+形容词)+n.+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_(+形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指),考点分析,不定冠词,定冠词,.,6,考点二：介词,(1)介词+宾语（名词）(2)不及物动词+介词+宾语,1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis_greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_sale.4.Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,of,at,考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,考点分析,on,from,无提示词：注意固定搭配,betiredfrom因厌倦,.,7,当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。,.,8,考点三：代词,(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。(2)指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等,考查语法点:代词的基本用法,考点分析,1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_wanttosayitagain:asmile,it,her,me,无提示词,.,9,无提示词：代词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括1.人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代词(it/this等)、3.不定代词(something/anything等)、4.名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑问代词(which/who等)、6.反身代词(不能作主语)(myself/yourself等)在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。,考点分析,.,10,.,11,考点四：连词或从句引导词,两个主谓结构连接,Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜台)_someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_hewouldpluckup(拔起)allofhiscropafewinches.,why,when,考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法,考点分析,where,that,无提示词,.,12,解题技巧,考点分析,.,13,并列句和复合句,并列句：,简单句并列连词简单句,复合句：,主句（主谓宾）从句（连接词主谓）,两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。,.,14,语法填空题纯空格设计,纯空格,冠词，介词，连词，代词，,Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.,it,.,15,第二部分,有提示词,.,16,.,17,考点五：谓语动词,有提示词与主语构成主谓结构,1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07广州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08广东),wastold,kept,考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,考点分析,results,.,18,当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑_、_、_、_等四个方面。【确定时态的3条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。,时态、语态、语气、主谓一致,.,19,考点六：非谓语动词,有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式,1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32_(receive)thegift.(07广州一模)2.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_(complete)therest!(07广二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie40_(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)(raise).(11广州一模),receiving,tocomplete,included,考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用,考点分析,raised,.,20,当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,todo)。,IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.,wastold,.,21,考点七：词性转换,有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子,1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(08惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_(nature)course.(08广东)4._(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(09汕头水平考试),rudely,suggestion,考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化,考点分析,natural,Undoubtedly,.,22,当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：（1）作主语或宾语用_形式。（2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some,any,alotof等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用_形式。（3）作定语、表语或补足语用_形式。（4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_。（5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。,名词,名词,形容词,副词,.,23,在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下3点：(1)形容词副词。(2)形容词名词。(3)名词形容词。,.,24,考点八：形容词副词的级,有提示词通常，有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级,Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher(07广州一模)2.Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords.Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned.Ifelt_(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.(2009届江门二模)3.LucilleCliftonisanaward-winningpoetandwriter.Criticscallheroneofthe_(great)writersofourtime.(双语报),worst,考点分析,lesslonely,greatest,.,25,当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than的隐性比较级。若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。如：,.,26,1.(2015卷I65)seekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_(painting).2.(20