2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块五(教案).docx

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料模块五 Unit 2重点知识突破一、重点词汇词汇-1. debate【原句呈现】Todays debate question is, The economy or the environmentmust we choose?【考点聚焦】debate 作为名词和动词意义的识别；相关短语。【考题研读】They had a fierce _ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was brokenyears ago.A. contest B. disagreement C. debate D. conflict【答案与解析】C。debate 争论，辩论，指持不同观点的各方据理力争，并最终做出决定。句意：他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的这一贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。He _ whether to set aside the minor differences, then he did.A. calculated B. predicted C. plotted D. debated【答案与解析】D。debate 辩论，仔细考虑，思考，盘算；predict 预言，预测，预示，预告；plot 密谋，以图表画出，为(文学作品)设计情节；calculate 计算，估计，打算，计划。句意：他考虑了是否要搁置小小的差异，然后决定还是搁置吧。He said it was beyond debate that the climate has changed markedly over the last century.A. beyond the lines B. beyond recognition C. beyond debate D. beyond repair【答案与解析】C。beyond the lines 意为：弦外之音；beyond recognition 认不出来；beyond debate 无可争辩，毋庸置疑；beyond repair 无法修复。句意：毋庸置疑，在过去的一个世纪中，气候的确发生了显著的变化。【归纳拓展】debate vi. & n.争论，辩论，讨论debate with sb. about sth.与某人就某事辩论 have a debate 进行讨论，辩论under debate 在辩论中，在讨论中 beyond debate 无可争辩，毋庸置疑词汇-2. responsibility【原句呈现】 They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.【考点聚焦】responsibility 及其形容词意义的识别；相关短语。【考题研读】In addition, college students who have work experience tend to be more confident and be able to take more_.A. suggestions B. consequences C. risks D. responsibilities【答案与解析】D。suggestion 建议；consequence 结果；risks 冒险。句意：此外，有工作经验的大学生往往会更加自信并能承担更多的责任。responsibility“责任”符合语境。In regard to the terrorist attack that happened in the city on March 1，the spokesman said that all suspects_ for it would be severely punished.A. faithful B. similar C. responsible D. vital【答案与解析】C。be faithful to 意为“忠实于”。be similar to 与相似；be responsible to 对某人负责；be vital to 对极端重要。句意：关于 3 月 1 日发生在该市的恐怖袭击，这位发言人说所有对这个罪行负责的嫌疑犯都会受到严厉的惩罚。【归纳拓展】have the/(a)responsibility to do.有责任/有义务做bear/take(on)the responsibility for 应对的责任，为负责，对负有责任a sense of responsibility 责任感be responsible for 应对的责任，为负责，对负有责任词汇-3. conflict【原句呈现】 Many people think that economic development and environmental protection conflict with each other.【考点聚焦】conflict 作为名词和动词意义的识别；相关短语。【考题研读】In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict【答案与解析】 D。 contact 接触， 联系， 交往； contrast 对比， 差别， 对照物；conflict 争论， 冲突； connection联系，关系。句意：在处理公共关系时，我们应该努力防止性格上的冲突。所以选 D。She often _ with her husband over money.A. explains B. combines C. shares D. conflicts【答案与解析】D。conflict with 与发生冲突。句意：她经常因为钱与丈夫发生冲突。She found herself _ her parents _ her future career.A. on conflict with, with B. in conflict over, onC. in conflict to, about D. in conflict with, over【答案与解析】D。in conflict with.over.就方面与相冲突/有分歧。句意：她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。【归纳拓展】conflict with 与发生冲突(动作) come into conflict with 与相冲突(动作)(be)in conflict with 与相冲突/有分歧(状态) (a)conflict over sth.关于的冲突考点-4. measure【原句呈现】The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.【考点聚焦】measure 作为名词和动词意义的识别；相关短语。【考题研读】【即时巩固】单项选择题A fully grown blue whale _ 110 feet in height and _ several tons.A. is measured, weighs B. measures, weighsC. is measured, is weighed D. measures, is weighed【答案与解析】B。measure 和 weigh 作为不及物动词时，都不用于被动语态。句意：一条成年蓝鲸的长度为 110 英尺，重有几吨。It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _ over 90 metres.A. raising B. measures C. measuring D. rises【答案与解析】C。该词在这里用作系动词，意思是：有长或高等。所以用主动表被动，相当于 someof which measure。句意：那里湿度高，所以树木长的极高。有些树木高达 90 多米。All the measures we have _ against the price rising have proved completely right.A. put B. made C. taken D. acted【答案与解析】C。此句中 we have _ against the price rising 是个定语从句，修饰先行词 measures，且引导词在定语从句中充当宾语，take 与 measures 构成固定搭配，意为“采取措施”。句意：我们采取的所有阻止物价上涨的措施被证明是完全正确的。In addition to dessert, they served fruit _ , making us satisfied.A. for a change B. for good C. for good measure D. for a song【答案与解析】C。for good measure 附加的，额外的，符合句意；for a change 为了改变一下，为了换个口味；for good 永远；for a song 廉价。句意：除了餐后点心外，他们还额外增加了水果，让我们感到很是满意。【归纳拓展】measure n.措施，方法，尺度 vt. 测量，估量，判定measurable adj.可度量的，明显的measured adj. 慎重的，仔细斟酌的measureless adj.无限的，不可估量的take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施做某事 make .to ones measure 依照某人的尺寸定做beyond measure 非常地，过度地，无法估量的 measure against 拿和比(长度)for good measure 附加的，额外的词汇-5. range【原句呈现】Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.【考点聚焦】range 的意义识别；相关短语。【考题研读】“American will fulfill the commitments that we have made: cutting our emission in the _ of 17 percentby 2020”, said Obama.A. form B. range C. state D. need【答案与解析】B。in the form of 以的形式；in the range of 在的范围内；in the state of 以/在的状态； in need of 需要。 句意： 奥巴马说： “美国将履行已经做出的承诺： 到 2020 年减排 17%。 ”She and her roommate silently warred over matters _ from when the lights should be turned off to howthe furniture should be arranged.A. ranging B. exchanging C. transforming D. varying【答案与解析】A。range from.to.范围从到；exchange 交换，更换；transform 改变，改善；wary 不同，改变。句意：她因从什么时应该关灯到家具该如何摆放等琐事与室友们暗地里闹矛盾。At the news conference, the spokesman said, “Keeping the meat price under control is within the _ ofthe governments responsibility.”A. field B. limit C. extent D. range【答案与解析】D。within the range of 在范围之内。句意：在新闻发布会上，发言人说：“把肉价保持在可控制下是政府的职责范围之内的事情。【归纳拓展】range vi. & n. 范围，界限，(在一定范围内)变化，变动range fromto /range betweenand在范围内变化beyond/out of ones range 超出了某人能承受的范围a range of 一系列within/in the range of 在范围内out of/beyond/outside the range of 超出了的范围词汇-6. appreciate【 原 句 呈 现 】 The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will beappreciated for years to come.【考点聚焦】appreciate 及其名词意义的识别；appreciate 的相关句型和搭配。【考题研读】The reporter said that the survivors greatly _ the firefighters rescue after the big fire.A. charged B. appreciated C. harmed D. solved【答案与解析】B。句意：记者说，火灾的幸存者们非常感激消防员们的营救。appreciated 感激，感谢，欣赏；charged 收费，指控；harmed 有害于；solved 解决。Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.A. it B. you C. one D. this【答案与解析】A。本句句式：I would appreciate it if/when如果我感激不尽；句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否回来我将感激不尽。故 A 正确。As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ from you now and then _ me howeveryone is getting along.A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell【答案与解析】C。appreciate doing sth 感激做某事。句意：因为我要外出至少一年，我非常感激收到你的来信并告诉我们一切事情的进展情况。With no better way to express feelings of love and _, its easy to see why students turn to the flowershop on Teachers Day.A. glory B. inspiration C. appreciation D. guidance【答案与解析】C。glory 光荣；inspiration 鼓励；appreciation 欣赏；guidance 指导。句意：由于没有更好的办法来表达爱和感激之情，因此很容易看到为什么学生们会在教师节这天去花店买花。【归纳拓展】appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏，感谢，领会appreciation n.欣赏，感激appreciate doing sth.感谢做某事 appreciate ones doing sth.感谢某人做某事I would appreciate it if .假如我将不胜感激词汇-7. particular【原句呈现】In particular, metal products and paper products require s lot of energy to produce,.【考点聚焦】particular 意义的识别；相关短语。【考题研读】The difficult maths problem has been solved by Tom at last.Indeed; and the _ way Tom worked out the problem impressed the teacher deeply.A. outstanding B. unique C. particular D. strange【答案与解析】C。句意： “那道数学难题终于被汤姆解决了。 ” “真的，并且汤姆独特的解决问题的方式给老师留下深刻的印象。 ”outstanding 杰出的；unique 独一无二的；particular 特别的，挑剔的；strange奇怪的。She has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ about her job.A. special B. responsible C. unusual D. particular【答案与解析】D。句意：她已经尽力了，请不要过分挑剔她的工作。be particular about.对苛求、挑剔，是固定结构。In our international engagement, we will uphold principles, promote justice and practice equality. _, wewill advance and protect the rights and interests of developing countries.A. As a result B. In a sense C. In particular D. By choice【答案与解析】C。句意：在我们的国际事务中，我们将坚持原则，弘扬正义，践行平等。尤其是，我们将促进和维护发展中国家的权益。 as a result 结果； in a sense 在某种意义上； in particular 尤其； by choice出于选择/自愿。【归纳拓展】be particular about/over 对挑剔/讲究 in particular 特别，尤其词汇-8. absorb【原句呈现】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produceoxygen.【考点聚焦】absorb 意义的识别；absorbed 作状语；相关短语。【考题研读】In the past years, China has changed a great deal and _ the attention of the whole world.A. paid B. absorbed C. lost D. adopt【答案与解析】B。absorb the attention of the whole world 吸引全世界的关注。句意：最近几十年里，中国发生了很大的变化，吸引了全世界的关注。_ in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing【答案与解析】C。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约輸没有注意到夜幕降临了。absorbed in 全神贯注于，在句中作状语。She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated【答案与解析】B。固定搭配 be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于；句意：她全神贯注于她的工作以至于她没有听见敲门声。【归纳拓展】absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in 全神贯注于be lost in 全神贯注于，沉湎于 be occupied in 使忙碌于，使从事于be addicted to 沉迷于 be devoted to 致力于，献身于词汇-9. cut back on【原句呈现】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.【考点聚焦】cut 动词所构成的短语。【考题研读】She found it hard to keep both ends meet, so the hostess decided to _ daily necessities.A. cut off B. cut down C. cut up D. cut back on【答案与解析】D。句意：由于发现入不敷出，女主人决定削减日常必需品开支。cut off 切断，中断；cut down 砍倒；cut up 切碎；cut back on 削减。 Facing a number of investigations, the Michigan authorities finally had to acknowledgethe fact that theeducational fund had been _ a tight budget.A. cut off B. cut down on C. cut up D. cut back【答案与解析】B。cut off 切断；cut down on 和 cut back on 可以互换，意为“削减，减少”。cut off 切断，中断。动词。句意：面临大量的调查，密西根州当局最后不得不承认这样的事实由于预算紧张教育基金一直在减少。My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has _.A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off【答案与解析】B。句意：叔叔戒不了烟，但是至少已经少吸了。选择 cut down(减少)。cut out 剪裁；剪下；cut up 切碎；抨击；cut off 切断，中断。Military helicopters dropped food and medicine to the earthquake survivors that remained _ in remotemountain villages.A. cut off B. paid off C. put off D. laid off【答案与解析】A。句意：军用直升机给地震灾区的灾民们从空中投放食物和药品，他们仍困在山区与外界隔绝。cut off 中断供应；pay off 终有回报；put off 推迟；lay off 解雇。【归纳拓展】cut back on/come down on 削减，减少 cut across 走捷径，抄近路cut down 砍倒，压缩 cut in 插话cut off 隔绝，断绝，中断,(电路)切断，剪下，砍掉 cut out 剁碎，砍碎，剪裁，剪下cut through 凿穿，穿过，穿透，抄近路 cut up 切割开来，切碎词汇-10. use up/run out【原句呈现】The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using upmore raw materials.What if they run out?【考点聚焦】相关短语的辨析。【考题研读】Cambridge University researchers have analyzed the structure of the brain and worked out how much energyits cells _.A. run out B. are used up C. are run out of D. use up【答案与解析】D。use up, run out, run out of 都有“用完”的意思。但是 use up 常用于主动语态，即某人用完某物，或者用于 sth. be used up；run out of 用法跟 use up 相同。句意：剑桥大学的研究人员分析了人脑构造，并计算出人脑细胞运作需要消耗的能量。Having walked in the desert for several days, they felt exhausted, but they had to find a pool before the waterin the bottle _.A. put out B. let out C. ran out D. used up【答案与解析】C。put out 生产，扑灭；let out 放出，泄露；run out(某物)被用完，耗尽，不可用于被动语态；use up 用完，花完，可用于被动语态。句意：在沙漠上走了几天，他们感觉很累，但是在瓶子里的水耗尽之前他们必须发现池塘。Im _my money, so I have to call my parents saying that I am missing them.A. running out B. used up C. run out D. running out of【答案与解析】C。句意：我的钱快用完了，所以我不得不给爸妈打电话说我想他们了。run out of money用完钱。【归纳拓展】run out/run out of/use up 的辨析run out 用完，耗尽 不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等run out of 用完，耗尽 及物动词短语，其主语一般为人use up 用光，用完 及物动词短语，其主语一般为人词汇-11. pick out【原句呈现】There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing informationbetween countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.【考点聚焦】相关短语的区别。参看模块二 Unit 2 词汇-12. pick up【考题研读】The students all wear the same uniform, so its hard for me to _ my son among them.A. bring out B. pick out C. pick up D. bring up【答案与解析】B。句意：学生们都穿着同样的校服。因此，对我来说在他们当中认出我儿子有点儿难。pick out 辨认出，挑选出，符合句意。bring out 拿出，阐明；pick up 捡起来，接收，学会；bring up 教育，培养，抚养。It took Mary quite a long time to _ a new dress at the store.A. pick up B. pick out C. work out D. take up【答案与解析】B。表示“挑选”之意，用 pick out。pick up 捡起；work out 算出来；take up 占有。句意：玛丽在商店里花了好长时间挑选了一件衣服。“Take a look at these pictures, and see if you can _ the criminal.” The policeman said to the witness.A. pick up B. pick off C. pick out D. pick at【答案与解析】C。pick up 捡起，获得，偶尔学到，加速；pick off 摘掉，拔去，截取；pick out 挑选出，辨认出；pick at 挑毛病找茬儿。句意： “看这些照片，看看是否你能辨认出罪犯” ，警察对目击者说。选 C。They showed their displeasure by continually _ her.A. picking up B. picking at C. picking out D. picking off【答案与解析】B。pick at 挑毛病，找茬儿。句意：他们不断挑她的毛病以示他们的不满。The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Womens Day and managed to _ bags of bargains.A. come across B. pick up C. deal with D. take in【答案与解析】B。句意：这对双胞胎姐妹在妇女节这天购物购了好几个小时，终于淘到了几包便宜货。pick up 获得，得到，符合本题题意。come across 偶遇；deal with 处理，应付；take in 吸收，理解，欺骗。【归纳拓展】pick out 挑出/找出/辨认出/辨别出，领会pick up 拿起/捡起/拾起，(没有通过正规上课或培训而)学会，习得，恢复，把接走，染上(疾病)，整理/收拾，获得，得到，(从电台、电视等)收听/看到pick off 摘掉，拔去，截取 pick at 挑毛病，找茬儿，批评，少量地吃二、经典句型1.it+连系动词 be+表语+that 从句【原句呈现】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.【考点聚焦】本句中使用了“it+连系动词 be+表语+that 从句”的句型。句中“that”引导的是主语从句。It 代替真正的主语作形式主语。引导主语从句的连接词。【考题研读】It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that【答案与解析】D。此处要分析句子结构，看出 it 为形式主语，代替 that they should get well prepared fortheir future，并且本句意思完整，故选 D 项。句意：很显然, 学生应该为将来做好准备。It 为形式主语,that 引导的真正的主语。It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients havetaken it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether【答案与解析】B。根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect 意思是“副作用” ，还原主语从句中的主干就是 the medicine will bring about_ side effect。故选择 what，形容词“什么样的” ，起修饰作用。2.+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形【原句呈现】However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled,and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.【考点聚焦】介词(介词短语)+关系代词其常见的拓展形式有：不定代词介词关系代词the名词介词关系代词数词介词关系代词the形容词比较级(最高级)介词关系代词介词whose名词介词which名词【考题研读】He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this【答案与解析】 C。 “他”是上完了一个 local grammar school 之后， 又上的 Cambridge， 故选 after which，此处 which 指代前面整个主句，引导一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。句意：他在当地的一所语法学校上的学，之后又去了剑桥读书。At last we reached a lonely village, _ a beautiful river.A. in front of it lay B. in front of which layC. in front of it laid D. in front of which lied【答案与解析】B。先行词是 a lonely village 定语从句中 in front of 后面缺少宾语，而且定语从句的地点状语提前，用完全倒装。lie 表示“位于”的意思时，其过去式为“lay”。句意：最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案与解析】C。此处由“代词+ of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代先行词 German，French and Russian。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。句意：朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, speciallyafter hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which【答案与解析】D。选 D 定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。The walls of which(指代咖啡屋) =of which the walls=whose walls 句意：其墙面被漆成为淡绿色那座新建的咖啡屋，对我们来说，特别是辛劳以后，真是个祥和的地方。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in thecity.A. whom B. which C. them D. those【答案与解析】 A。 由于先行词是“1,000 people”， 表示人， 故用 whom。 many of whom=and many of them。句意：这个住宅区大约住有一千人，其中许多人为了更加美好的生活而离开他们的村庄来到这座城市的。There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which【答案与解析】D。the larger of which(指代两栋建筑)=and the larger of the two buildings。句意：有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【答案与解析】B。without whose help=and without his help。whose 引导的是非限制性定语从句，在句中作“help”的定语，其先行词为“Professor Smith”。句意：我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会(在学术上)走得这么远的。Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was madeChairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during whose time D. by that time【答案与解析】A。先行词是表示一个时间段的短语 from1999 to 2003；句意：从 1999 年到 2003 年马克是这所大学的学生， 在这(4 年)期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席， 所缺词的意思为“在这期间”，故选 A 项。3.What if 句型及其类似的句型【原句呈现】What if they run out?【考点聚焦】What if 后跟陈述句表示“假使呢？”“若是又怎么样？”。【考题研读】Tomorrow well go hiking in the mountain to experience nature._ it rains heavily when we are still halfway?A. How so B. what though C. what for D. What if【答案与解析】 D。How so 怎么会这样？What though 有关系？What for 为(了