初中英语冠词讲解及练习.doc

冠词一.概念 冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲不定冠词： 1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前。 a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour an interesting book a big dog a dangerous aminal 【练习】 判断正误： a story( ) a bread ( ) a paper（ ） a bag（ ）a pretty woman（ ） a school ( ) a useful book ( )2.表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：That is a pen, not a pencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Give him a pear, please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个） Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.3.和 one 的区别： a/an 表示类别 种类 One 强调数量 a bus （表示是一辆公交车 而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车） one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）4. 表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day thirty miles an hour等。定冠词：一： the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 二：可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 三：用法： 1）. 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。2）. 再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother. 3）. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Open the door，please!请打开门。4）. 用于某些固定词组中。例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）. 用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6）. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.The Greens came to China two years ago .7）. 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园 the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军 the Long March 长征8）.用在序数词或形容词最高级前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 9）.世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. 10）.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪11）.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。13）.不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.14）.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。零冠词：一：所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：二：用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：apron n. 围裙England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green assessment n. 评价；评定3）. 在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunday March summer winter 4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her)struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：Cantonese n. & adj. 广东人（的）；广州人（的）；广东话（的）have breakfast play chess play basketball mud n. 泥（浆）(注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的（注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等）7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)settle in （迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下练习：1( ) 1 Han Meimei is _ Chinese girl. Lucy is _ English girl. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a( ) 2 A little boy wrote_ U and_ n on the wall. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a( ) 3 _ old lady in brown is_ university professor. A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a( ) 4 There are sixty minutes in_hour. A. an B. the C. a D. /( ) 5 This is _ interesting book and it is also _ useful one. A. an; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; a( ) 6 A computer is _useful tool in _ world today. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a2( ) 1 We have never seen _ interesting film. A. such B. such an C. so D. such a( ) 2 Mrs Smith is _ friend of _ A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine( ) 3 He is_boy. A. a seven-years-old B. an eight-year-old C. the seven-year-old D. an eight-year-older( ) 4 Fancy saw_ accident in the street yesterday. A. the B. a C. an D. /( ) 5 Now he is _ artist. 1 have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a3( ) 1. Which bigger _ elephant or _ horse? A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the( ) 2 _monkey can climb_trees. A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; /( ) 3 _ rains are faster than _ buses. A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a( ) 4 -Have you learned German? -Yes. Its _ language Ive ever learned. A. a quite difficult B