毕业设计外文翻译-西门子公司的提升机控制系统的特点

英文原文SIEMENS Siemens to enhance the characteristics of control system 1. the controller division of labor in different Specificity for the mining industry, Siemens PLC + FM458 proposed control system architecture. Logic control in part by the S7-400 PLC to implement, process control achieved in part by the FM458 controller. Siemens S7-400 PLC series of high-end production company, and its processing time, processing accuracy, fault tolerance, failure rate, expansion capability, communications capability, ease of use, etc. all have a certain superiority. PLC logic chain is mainly used to implement control and protection functions. FM458 is for certain sectors of the automation and process control requirements are relatively high situation developed under the 64-bit processors. The traditional way is PLC scan process control, cycle time, with the program scan the length and structure of the program changes. FM458 program function block is fixed scan operation, the program processing time is fixed. PLCs computing power of ordinary floating-point capability is not particularly strong, FM458 high floating point operations and procedures, fixed-time processing capability to fully meet the mining industry on the accuracy of process control and real-time requirements. FM458 mainly used to implement process control, such as location, shaft switch signal detection, stroke control, speed control, process control. Other common PLC control system to use more direct control. PLCs CPU need of a large number of operations that control the system precision, accuracy, control response on both deficiencies. 2. electrical signals transmitted in different ways Control system will enhance the high-pressure tank, pressure cabinets, transformers, borehole signal, loading / unloading signal, console, electric motors, fans and other equipment for signal collection and chain of control. Siemens to all the remote signal acquisition and control were conducted using Profibus communications, placed in the remote station ET200 device. This distributed network control wiring is simple, topological expansion is convenient, reduces the field wiring, easy maintenance and low failure rate, and troubleshooting for the equipment for a lot of time and manpower. S7-400 PLC scalable Ethernet communications, scheduling and information company focused on providing a convenient centralized display. Other control systems to use more hard-line connections. Increased maintenance costs and maintenance time, extend it will increase a lot of wiring. 3. position, speed, torque the three closed-loop control Siemens control for the mining industry, the particularity and complexity, enhance the development of mine-specific process control function block, just a simple parameter setting, we can achieve a variety of conditions to enhance process control. Position control: control the process to enhance the location determines the speed, position setpoint determines the speed reference value. Through the shaft encoder position signal fed back by the actual, real-time adjustment of speed reference value, to ensure the lifts running in full accordance with the design curve. At the same time the position back based on feedback to determine when the value of parking, accurate parking. Speed control: Siemens to enhance the system to full digital control, closed-loop variable speed. As inclusion of the momentum value (acceleration derivative) control, making the speed of the corner of the smooth realization of the absolute changes, reduce wire rope and mechanical equipment on the impact and wear. Accurate detection and closed-loop speed control to achieve a speed of 0 in the case of the work of gate parking facilities, changing the traditional way by parking under the parking switch, parking brake by grinding. Torque Control: Siemens high-performance gear to ensure that the static accuracy and dynamic torque response. Torque preset function will not guarantee the winch started to fall, start smooth. Feature to ensure zero torque to maintain speed when the winch brake parking facilities will not slip down. Reduce the time of start and stop the impact and shoe machinery and equipment wear. Three closed-loop control mode enables the system to run in strict accordance with set curves, all-digital closed-loop control to stop position is accurate, do not rely on parking switch parking, reducing points of failure, high degree of automation, reducing the system is running in manual . Many other control systems used by the hardware switch to achieve speed, parking, Shi gate, control precision of the method is not high, the reliability is poor, large machinery and equipment damage. 4. the three control loops: the safety circuit, electrical parking loop, closed loop The severity level of the signal is different from the fault into three segments, clear, easy to find and eliminate the actual fault. Safety circuit: fault occurred, the elevator brake immediately implement mechanical brake, hoist can not be started until the fault is reset. Electrical stop circuits: fault occurs, the system will immediately implement electric car. After the elevator will not start until the fault is reset. Closed circuit: fault, still allow the elevator to finish this upgrade. However, after the completion of this cycle, hoist will be closed, can not start until the fault is reset. Many other control signal classification system is chaotic, to fault find and eliminate trouble. 5. double-master PLC control and monitoring system Elevator control complex process, more chain between devices on the real-time and high security requirements. Siemens to enhance the safety and reliability of control system in the first place. All field devices and safety signals related respectively to the main control and monitoring system for chain compared to any found in a system fault signal immediately take appropriate measures to effectively prevent the occurrence of a single PLC system may collect the signal error, CPU error, etc. their own operations failure. Master PLC, PLC control system, process control functions in the implementation of dual-independent signal acquisition, the state judge, real-time computing, control command generator, etc., and then compared to each other the way to ensure control of each step is safe. Many other control systems for the single signal acquisition mode, to achieve some important signals can not be two-way protection. Some even single PLC control, with more than double when the PLC control can not be achieved between the double-PLC mutual monitoring, in terms of security there are some hidden dangers. 6. dual detection sensor signals Siemens digital control system to enhance the control must be accurate and reliable and accurate signal acquisition, real-time premise, high-performance S7-400 PLC and FM458 as signal acquisition, transmission, processing to provide a guarantee. Shaft encoder: Siemens Company Location (roller shaft locations), speed (at the outer edge of drum), slip rope (days Axle Division) detection were set up a dual high-precision encoder output signal respectively to the main control and monitoring system. The three encoder feedback data to compare, to ensure that every operation in accuracy of the data. Shaft Switches: Siemens sophisticated manufacturing process to improve the life of the switch shaft, image stabilization treatment reduced the malfunction. Shaft directly into the control system switch signal, the middle does not use relays, greatly reducing the hardware delay is not caused by the control accuracy. Shaft into the main control switch signal and control systems, respectively, forming a two-way protection. Many other control systems using two encoders, the lack of data between the encoder comparison. Switching signal in the low speed shaft prone to malfunction, there is no two-way protection. 7. the elevator control-specific function blocks and process control procedures Control of any system there own particularity, Siemens developed with independent intellectual property rights of private elevator control block. Position, velocity, acceleration, momentum (acceleration derivative), reptiles and other curve parameters can be set only needs to be changed, saving development time programming, labor costs, testing time. Enhance the function block to ensure optimal processing time, reduce unnecessary crawling time. Process control envelope is added to the speed, point by point speed, continuous speed, speed monitoring; heavy promotion, heavy decentralization, enhance the overload, slippery rope, mutagenesis, speeding, over-roll and other software protection. Enhance the control of all process parameters are input parameters of function blocks the way to the future maintenance and diagnosis of the advantage. FM458s CFC (continuous function chart) programming environment to generate their own library, the library file for the compiled binary files, not to decompile, complete with independent intellectual property rights protection algorithms and procedures. Many other control systems and then manually fill in the value of the calculated curve the way, when conditions change, modify the difficulties and increase the debugging time, makes it difficult to maintain. Process control and more do not have the full protection. 8. the elevator control software development Specific Siemens in the design of electric control system, taking into account not just the starting point of electrical control, but more eyes on the electrical control from the perspective of how to extend the service life of mechanical systems devices, such as wire rope, plate-type brake brake shoes and so on. Siemens design system, it is also considering lifting height, maximum lifting speed, the maximum enhance acceleration, deceleration, under the premise remains the same, by a significant reduction in vibration of wire rope, making the whole upgrade cycle, the shortest time, thus improving the upgrade system efficiency, improve the user output in unit time. 中文译文：SIEMENS西门子公司的提升机控制系统的特点1、控制器分工不同针对矿山行业的特殊性，西门子公司提出 PLC+FM458 构架的控制系统。逻辑控制部分由 S7-400 PLC 来实现，工艺控制部分由 FM458 控制器来实现。S7-400 是西门子公司生产的高端 PLC 系列，其在处理时间，处理精度，容错能力，故障率，扩展能力，通讯能力，易用性等方面均具有一定的优越性。PLC 主要用来实现逻辑连锁控制和保护功能。FM458 是针对某些行业对自动化和工艺控制要求比较高的场合下而开发的 64 位处理器。传统的 PLC 处理程序的方式是扫描控制，周期扫描时间是随着程序的长短和程序的结构变化而变化。FM458 的程序功能块是固定扫描周期运算，程序的处理时间是固定。普通PLC 的运算能力特别是浮点运算能力不强，FM458 的高浮点运算能力和程序固定时间处理能力充分满足了矿山等行业对工艺控制的准确性与实时性的要求。FM458 主要用来实现工艺控制，比如位置、井筒开关信号检测，行程控制，速度控制，工艺控制等。其它控制系统多采用普通 PLC 直接控制方式。PLC 的 CPU 需进行大量运算，这种控制方式在系统精度，准确性，控制响应上均存在不足。2、电气信号传送方式不同提升机控制系统会对高压柜，低压柜，变压器，井筒信号，装/卸载信号，操作台，电动机，风机等设备进行信号采集和连锁控制。西门子公司对所有远程信号采集和控制均采用 Profibus 通讯方式进行，在远程站放置ET200 装置。这种分布式网络控制方式布线简单，拓扑扩展方便，减少了现场接线，维护方便，故障率低，为设备生产和故障处理争取了大量的时间和人力。S7-400 PLC 可扩展Ethernet 通讯，为公司集中调度和信息集中显示提供了方便。其它控制系统多采用硬线连接的方式。增加了设备维护成本和维护时间，扩展起来也会增加大量接线。3、位置、速度、转矩三闭环控制西门子公司针对矿山行业控制的特殊性及复杂性，开发出矿山专用的提升工艺控制功能块，只需简单的参数设定，就能实现各种工况下的提升工艺控制。位置控制：提升控制工艺中位置决定了速度，位置给定值决定了速度给定值。通过轴编码器反馈回来的实际位置信号，实时调整速度给定值，确保提升机完全按照设计曲线运行。同时根据反馈回来的位置值来判断何时停车，实现精确停车。速度控制：西门子提升系统为全数字控制，闭环无级调速。由于加入了冲力值（加速度的导数）控制，使得在速度的拐角处实现了绝对的平滑变化，减少了对钢丝绳和机械设备的冲击和磨损。速度的精确检测和闭环控制，实现了在速度为 0 的情况下施工作闸停车，改变了传统方式下的靠停车开关停车，靠磨闸瓦停车。转矩控制：西门子高性能的传动装置确保了转矩的静态精度和动态响应。力矩预置功能保证了绞车启动时不会下坠，启动平滑。力矩保持功能保证了零速停车施闸时绞车不会倒溜。减少了启动和停车时对机械设备的冲击和闸瓦的磨损。三闭环的控制方式使系统能严格按照设定曲线运行，全数字的闭环控制方式使停车位置准确，不依赖停车开关停车，减少了故障点，自动化程度高，减少了系统运行过程中人工的参与。其它控制系统多采用靠硬件开关来实现调速、停车、施闸，该方式控制精度不高，可靠性差，对机械设备损伤较大。4、三大控制回路：安全回路、电气停车回路、闭锁回路根据信号的轻重级别不同，把故障细分成三种，思路清晰，便于实际故障查找与排除。安全回路：故障发生后，提升机立即抱闸实施机械制动，提升机不能再启动，直至故障被复位。电气停车回路：故障发生后，系统将立即实行电气停车。之后，提升机将不能启动，直至故障被复位。闭锁回路：故障发生后，仍允许提升机继续完成本次提升。但在本周期完成之后，提升机将被闭锁，不能启动，直至故障被复位。其它控制系统信号分类多比较混乱，给故障查找和排除带来麻烦。5、双 PLC 控制的主控、监控系