S2B unit 6 reading--教案

学大教育上海高中英语同步课程高二下册unit-six 适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域牛津上海版课时时长（分钟）120知识点知识点1：核心单词知识点2：重点短语知识点3：重点句型知识点4：重要语法教学目标知识：学生能够基本掌握高二下册Unit6中的词汇、句型及语法。方法：牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点。能力：明辨词性的能力； 能够准确判断词性转换的能力； 熟练运用句型的能力。教学重点重点句型的运用教学难点独立主格结构的运用教学过程一、 课堂导入1. Can you give any examples of unconventional clothes, hair-styles or behavior?2. Can you give any examples of things which have revolutionized modern life?3. What is the packaging of a product? What do you do with it?4. What id something about yourself which is unique? In what way is it unique?二、复习预习复习上节课所学习的单词，今天详解重要词汇及句型。共同讨论以下几个问题：1. What is The Body Shop?2. What does The Body Shop sell?3. What is the link between The Body Shop and animals?三、知识讲解核心单词1. persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的 e.g. We should at least be finding persuasive new ways.我们至少应该找出能说服人的新办法来。e.g. He can be very persuasive.他非常地有说服力。【知识拓展1】persuasion n. 劝说，说服（力）；信仰e.g. It didnt take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was.我们没费什么口舌就让她说出了他的下落。【知识拓展2】persuade v.说服，劝说；使信服【常用搭配】try to persuade but 尝试着劝说，但是（失败了）persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事persuade sb/oneself of sth 使某人确信e.g. He is the sort of man that could be persuaded into doing everything.他是那种可被说服做任何事情的人e.g. That man was almost persuaded of her honesty.那个人几乎相信她是诚实的。e.g. It was easily persuaded that he must be a very good man.很容易使人相信他是一个好人。e.g. We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man.我们说服了他,他未把钱借给那个不能信赖的人。2. campaign n.运动；战役；活动；竞选运动 v.参加竞选；从事运动；开展运动【常用搭配】begin/launch/start a campaign 发起运动 carry on/conduct/make a campaign 开展运动map out a campaign 制定作战计划 campaign against /for 反对/争取的运动organize/promote/sponsor/take part in a campaign 组织/促进/赞助/参加一场运动e.g. They are planning a new campaign against corruption.他们正在策划一个新的反贪污运动。e.g. They are campaigning to save the area from building development.他们正开展一场反对在这个地区进行房地产开发的运动。e.g. We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.我们最近15年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。3anti-aging adj.抗衰老的e.g. These anti-aging cosmetics are really effective.这些抗衰老的化妆品真的很有效。4. present v.提出；赠送；呈现；引起造成；上演，表演，主持 n.礼物；现在 adj.出席的；现在的；当前的；存在的 【常用搭配】the present day 当今 at present=for the present目前,现在 make a present of 赠送 present sb. to sb. 向介绍present sb. with sth./ present sth. to sb. 赠送某人某物e.g. There is no need to fear for him for the present. He is going to get well. 暂且不必为他担忧,他很快就会好起来。e.g. I make a present of a watch to him on his birthday. 我在他生日那天送给他一块手表。e.g. Allow me to present my former teacher to you.请允许我向你们介绍我以前的老师。e.g. The new employees were presented to the rest of the staff.新雇员被介绍给其余职员。e.g. He had the honor of being presented to the chairman in the office.他有幸在办公室被主席召见。5. unconventional adj. 不因循守旧的；新奇的 e.g. It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来。6. principle n.原理；原则；主义；信念e.g. Archimedes ,a great physicist ,discovered the principle of floating bodies .阿基米德，一位伟大的物理学家，发现了浮体原理。【常用搭配】in principle 原则上; 基本上on principle 依据自己的原则/所确定的信念e.g. They are agreed in principle but not in detail. 他们的看法在大体上是一致的,但是在细节上有所不同。e.g. He refused on principle to agree to the terms of the treaty. 根据自己的道德观念,他拒绝同意条约上的条款。7. prosper vi.繁盛；成功；兴旺 e.g. But for human selfishness, all might prosper.如果不是人类的自私，一切就都会繁荣了。e.g. He seems to be prospering since he moved out of the city.自从他离开了城市，好像发展不错。e.g. His business is prospering.他生意兴隆。【知识拓展】prosperity n.繁荣；兴旺，昌盛；成功e.g. Prosperity and economic success remain popular and broadly shared goals. 经济繁荣昌盛一直是各国普遍追求的共同目标。【常用搭配】continuous prosperity持续繁荣 economic prosperity 繁荣经济 borrowed prosperity虚假繁荣 business prosperity商业繁荣 initial prosperity初步繁荣 prosperity peak繁荣高峰8. revolutionize v.彻底变革；使革命化e.g. Computers have revolutionized banking.计算机的运用彻底改变了银行业务运作。9. unique adj.独特的；独一无二的；稀罕的 n.独一无二的人e.g. I am in a rather unique position, as my job is different from anyone elses. 我的情况很特殊,因为我的工作与众不同。e.g. The problem is unique to the country. 这个问题只有在这个国家才能碰到。【常用搭配】unique ability 无与伦比的才能 unique fashion 奇特的服装 unique opportunity 极难得的机会 unique style 独特的风格 quite unique 独特无比 almost unique 可算是独特的 unique in its scenery 那地方的景色无与伦比 unique to the region 这个地区所特有的10. alternative adj.两者择一的；供选择的；非主流的 n.二者择一；供替代的选择e.g. The road was flooded, so we had to go by an alternative route.这条路被淹了，所以我们不得不走另一条路。【常用搭配】have no alternative but to 除了别无选择e.g. We have no alternative but to keep trying different methods. 我们别无选择，只能不停地试验别的方法。【知识拓展1】alternate v.(使)交替；轮流 adj.间隔的；轮流的；交替的 n.代替者；供替代的选择alternation n.交替，轮流，间隔e.g. The three acts will alternate as headlines throughout the tour.这三个节目将在整个巡回演出中轮流大头牌。【知识拓展2】alter v.改变 alteration n. 改变 e.g. Prices did not alter significantly during 2004.2004年期间，价格没有大的变化。 【知识拓展3】alert v.警觉，向报警 alert sb. to sth. ；sb. be alerted to sth n.警报；警戒状态 adj.警觉的，注意的；思维敏捷的；be alert to sth. on high/the alert 警戒着；防备着e.g. Bird watchers on the alert for a rare species.看守者密切注意稀有鸟类。e.g. The armed forces were on high alert to guard against any retaliation.武装部队保持高度戒备，以防发生任何报复行动。11. double adj.双重的；成双的；两倍的 v.翻一番；使加倍 n.两倍；双份e.g. The man will be given double pay if he wants to work on Sundays. 如果他想星期天工作,那他就会得双倍的工资。e.g. Two Scotches, pleaseand make those doubles. 请来两杯苏格兰威士忌都要双份的。e.g. In experimental plots the yield has been doubled. 在试验田里,产量已提高了一倍。12. cosmetics n.化妆品e.g. She wants to supervise the cosmetics shop.她想自己管理那间化妆品店。【常用搭配】cosmetic brush化妆笔；粉刷 cosmetic bag化妆包；化妆袋cosmetic surgery整容手术；整容外科 cosmetic industry化妆品工业 cosmetic mirror化妆镜 cosmetic products化妆品13. face cream n.面霜 e.g. A packer for fluid sticky creamy materials, such as: face cream, hair cream, jam and butter. 包装有一定流动性的粘性膏状物料，如：香脂、发乳、果酱、黄油等物料【知识拓展】cream-faced adj.脸色苍白的cold cream 冷霜 vanishing cream 雪花膏 furniture cream 家具蜡shaving cream 刮脸膏 hand cream 擦手霜 skin cream 皮肤霜14. advertising n.广告；广告业e.g. They use television advertising as a device for stimulating demand.他们利用电视广告作为刺激需求的方法。【知识拓展1】advertise (英) v.登广告；宣传；告知 advertize (美)advertise for sb/sth to do 登广告征求e.g. Mother has been advertising for a cleaner for weeks without success.近几周母亲接连登广告想雇一名清洁工,但至今没有找到人。e.g. They advertised for a young girl to look after the children.他们登广告想招聘一位年轻姑娘来照顾孩子们。【知识拓展2】advertisement n.广告；通告e.g. They suggest that consumers should be not leaded to the crossroads by no truly advertisement.他们建议消费者不要被虚假广告引入歧途(误导).15. publicize v.宣传；公布；广告e.g. We are trying to publicize our products by advertisement on buses.我们正试图在公共汽车上做广告来宣传我们的产品。e.g. The campaign is intended to publicize the service of the tourist board.这次宣传运动目的在于为旅游部门的服务做广告。【知识拓展1】public adj.公众的；公共的；公开的 n.民众；公众；大众be public about=go public with 公之于世in public 公开地，当众public business对外营业e.g. While women all around me are going public with their work, I still live as my mother and grandmother lived toiling in and around the home all day, every day. 当我周围的家庭妇女都出外参加工作时,我却仍然像我的妈妈和祖母一样,每天忙家务,整天围着锅台转。e.g. The telephone office is open for public business. 这个电信局对外营业。e.g. Like many native Italians, my parents were open with their feelings and their love not only at home, but also in public. 跟许多意大利人一样,我的父母不仅在家而且在公众场合也公开表达其感情和爱情。【常用搭配1】public debt 国债 public school 公立学校 public servant 公务员,公仆public service 公共服务 appeal to the public 向公众呼吁 benefit the public 使公众受益【知识拓展2】publicity n.公众/媒体的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告e.g. The British press has given considerable publicity to it. 英国出版界对它已经做了很多宣传【常用搭配2】avoid/ receive publicity 避免引人注意/受到广泛注意 give publicity 公布seek/ court publicity 求名，想出风头 newspaper/press publicity 新闻宣传 enormous publicity 大肆宣传e.g. She had visited the old scholar who avoided publicity. 她拜访过那位不想引人注意的老学者。e.g. Rose is a singer who seeks/courts publicity. 罗丝是一个有心想出风头的歌手。16. promise v.允诺；预示；答应；有的指望、可能e.g. This year promises to be a good harvest.这一年预示着是丰收的一年。【常用搭配】promise sb. sth 承诺某人某事promise (sb.) to do sth. 许诺某人做某事promise +that从句e.g. Mr. Green has promised his son a new bicycle if he passes the examination. 格林先生答应如果儿子考试及格,就给他买辆新自行车。e.g. She promised me to try her best to help him. 她向我保证要尽力帮助他。e.g. He promised me that the work should be finished before evening. 他许诺说,这工作要在晚上之前做完。【知识拓展】n.诺言； (有)希望e.g. They failed to fulfill their promises to revive the economy. 他们没能实现使经济复苏的诺言。17. blind vt.使失明；隐藏 adj.盲目的；瞎的；未察觉的 adv.盲目地 n.百叶窗e.g. Falling in love can blind us to an extent.爱情会让人盲目。e.g. Love is blind and sometimes deaf.爱情是盲目的,有时甚至是聋的。e.g. The blind often know things by feeling them. 盲人往往凭触摸来识别东西。【常用搭配】a blind alley死胡同,绝境 as blind as a bat视觉有困难的be blind to对视而不见 be blind with 被弄得眼花,因狂热turn a/ones blind eye to假装看不见blind to使无视,不理会 blind sb to sth 使某人无视某物 be blinded with 被某物弄失明the blind leading the blind瞎子给瞎子引路,外行指导外行e.g. Im afraid our present course of action may turn out to be a blind alley. 我担心我们目前这种干法可能是条死胡同。e.g. Stepping from the bright sunlight into the darkness of that cellar,I was as blind as a bat until my eyes became used to it. 从明亮的阳光下走进黑暗的地窖中,我什么也看不见,直到眼睛适应了为止。e.g. They were not blind to the defects of Western society. 他们并非不了解西方社会的缺陷。e.g. The woman in the country was blind with the big city. 这位农村妇女被大城市弄得眼花缭乱。e.g. He said he knew the way and would lead us there, but he didnt. It was a case of the blind leading the blind. 他说他认识路并愿意带我们去那儿,但是他事实上并不认识路,完全是盲人教瞎子。e.g. He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. 他对她的错误睁一只眼闭一只眼。e.g. Greed for money blinded her to the danger.贪财使她看不见危险。e.g. We have to beware that missionary zeal doesnt blind us to the realities here.我们必须注意绝不能让宣传的狂热使我们对这里的现实视而不见。18. sue vt.控告；起诉 vi.请求；起诉e.g. Ill sue the railway company because my trunk is damaged. 因皮箱受损我要控告铁路公司。e.g. If you spoil his property you may be sued. 如果你破坏他的财物,他会控告你。e.g. He let it be known that he would sue if these allegations were published. 他表示如果公开这些辩解,他就会提出诉讼。【常用搭配】sue for sth./doing 为得到而向法院控诉(某人)sb. be sued for 某人因而受到控告e.g. They sued the movers for ruining the furniture.他们控告搬运家具的人损坏家具。e.g. He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而受到控告。【知识拓展】accuse v.谴责；控告；指责accuse sb/sth for sth 因而指责某人或某事accuse sb of sth/doing 指责,控告e.g. Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.人常因自己的不幸而责怪老天。e.g. Ive been accused of many things in my life, but never of cowardice/being coward.我一生受到过种种指责,但还从来没有人指责我懦弱呢【词义辨析】accuse, charge, sue 这组词都有“控告,控诉；指责”的意思。其区别是：accuse 使用范围较广,主要用于一般的指责,也可用于法律上的正式控告; charge比accuse正式,通常指在法庭上依法控告,也可以引申地使用于指责某人违反公认的行为准则。charge所指控的内容比accuse更严重。accuse后一般接of,而charge后一般接with。sue一定是法律上的控告，法庭上的。19. injection n.注射；注射物；数学函数e.g. Those drugs are given by injection as well as through the mouth. 那些药品可以注射,也可以口服。 e.g. The nurse gave the patient an injection of penicillin. 护士给患者打了一针青霉素。【常用搭配】 give (sb.) an injection 给(某人)打针 effective injection 有效的注射药20. immoral adj.不道德的e.g. Its immoral to steal. 偷盗是不道德的。21.remarkably adv.显著突出地；出乎意外地e.g. He was remarkably successful in business.他在事业上取得了显著成功。e.g. Remarkably enough, radiation of exactly this kind has been discovered.非常出乎意外，恰恰是这种辐射被发现了。【知识拓展】remarkable adj.非凡的；值得注意的；显著的；异常的；卓越的remarkable development显著发展e.g. She is a remarkable person, I am proud to know her. 她是位杰出的人物,认识她我感到荣幸。e.g. Recent polices success against drug rings is remarkable. 近来警方反毒品集团的工作成绩斐然。22. limitation n.C 限制；限度；缺点e.g. I am willing to accept certain limitation on my freedom. 我愿意接受对我自由的某些限制。 e.g. Its a good car, but it has its limitations. 这是一辆很不错的小汽车,但它有自身的局限。【常用搭配】accept limitation 接受限制 exceed the limitations 超出限度 have limitations 有缺陷 put limitation on 对施加限制 within certain limitations 在一定的限度之内【知识拓展】limit n.限度；限制；界限 vt.限制；限定e.g. The bank has written to say Ive gone over my credit limit. 银行写信来说我已经超过信用限额了。e.g. He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes. 他必须限制他抽烟的数量。23. recycle vt.再利用；使再循环；再制 vi.循环n.再循环e.g. The old newspapers were pulped and recycled. 那些旧报纸被化成纸浆回收利用了。e.g. One thing you cant recycle is wasted time.唯一无法回收利用的是你浪费掉的时间。e.g. Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.水循环利用是一种很好的节约资源的方法。重点短语精品文档交流1. engage in 参与 2. the cosmetics industry 化妆品产业3. promise to承诺4.come true 实现5. a certain type of shampoo 某种类型的洗发水6. persuasive and expensive advertising campaign 有说服力且昂贵的广告行动7. anti-aging cream 抗衰老面霜8. expensive packaging 昂贵的包装9. double their cost 加倍它们的花销10. be sued for 因被起诉11. an unconventional woman一位不因循守旧的女人12. ignore all the accepted principles 无视所有已被接受的规则13. revolutionize the industry 改革了这个行业14. make false promise about 作出虚假的承诺 15. a refilling and recycling service 一种续装和回收的服务16. campaign against animal testing 反对动物实验运动17. alternative ways of 可选择的方式 18. attract wide publicity 吸引广泛的公众关注19. publicize the Body Shop 宣传了美体小铺20. take part in local campaign 参加当地的运动句子分析1. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream.它许诺如果你使用某种类型的洗发水或面霜，你所有的梦想都会变成现实。come true “实现”是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。e.g. After many years of hard work, his long-cherished dream of being a football player came true.经过多年努力，他梦寐以求的成为足球运动员的愿望终于实现了。2. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often doubling their cost. often doubling their cost是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。3. Banning images of beautiful women in her shops, she promoted health, not beauty.banning images of beautiful women in her shops是现在分词短语作原因状语。4. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods.used for their goods是过去分词短语作定语，修饰packaging，相当于定语从句：which/that is used for their goods. e.g. This is a room used for hosting guests.这是一个用来招待贵宾的房间。5. To avoid this, many cosmetic products are tested on animals to ensure that they are harmless.为了避免这样的事情发生，许多化妆品用动物做实验，以此来确保其无害。ensure “确保，保证”，后面可以直接跟宾语或由that引导的宾语从句。e.g. This action will ensure that I take the medicine on time.这样做可以保证我按时服药。6. These painful tests include force-feeding, injections, applying the product to the skin or dripping it into the eyes of the helpless animals.这些痛苦的试验包括强灌、注射、将产品涂抹在那些无助的动物的皮肤上或是滴进它们的眼睛里。applyto “把使用到上”，在本句中引申义为“涂抹”。e.g. What matters is whether we can apply what we have learnt to our daily life.重要的是我们是否能学以致用。7. She thought it was immoral to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics.她认为对自己的化妆品质量作出虚假的承诺是不道德的。it是形式主语，真正的主语是to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics。e.g. I dont think it is necessary to go there by taxi since we have nothing urgent at hand.我想，既然我们现在没有什么紧急的事情，就没必要乘出租车去那里。8. Therefore, she explained the qualities (and limitations) of each product in simple, truthful language.因此，她用简单、真实的语言解释每一种产品的品质（以及局限性）。本句中的limitations意为“局限，不足”，是可数名词，且一般用复数形式。e.g. I have never used a DVD player of this type before, so Im not very clear regarding its limitations.我从来没有用过这种DVD机，所以我不太清楚它的缺点。9. This allows customers to refill their old bottles, thus saving waste.这使顾客可以在那里用旧瓶灌装，因此可避免浪费。thus是副词，意为“因而，于是”，后面跟的saving waste是现在分词结构，作伴随状语。e.g. He did not study hard, thus failing this test.他学习从不努力，因此考试没通过。10. Remarkably, The Body Shop has become a global business without spending any money on advertising. 令人注目的是，美体小铺没有花一分钱做广告就成为一个全球性的产业。global adj.全球的，全世界的e.g. Our products have won global popularity.我们的产品已经受到全世界的欢迎。语法解析一、 独立主格结构的概念 它是由“名词/代词+分词”等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。此结构中“名词/代词”与“分词”等构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，位置灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/adj./adv./ n./介词短语1. 名词/代词+现在分词e.g. Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩了大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。e.g. There _(be) no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。being2. 名词/代词+过去分词e.g. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大改善，他们工作得更起劲了。e.g. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。3. 名词/代词+不定式当前面的名词/代词与动词不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；若是被动关系，则用被动关系。e.g. The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。e.g. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。4. 名词/代词+ adj. e.g. The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。e.g. Computer very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。5. 名词/代词+ adv.e.g. The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。e.g. The light off, we could not go on with the work.灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。6. 名词/代词+ n.e.g. His first shot failure, he fired again.他第一枪没有击中，又打了一枪。e.g. Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故，其中有许多朋友。7. 名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。e.g. Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house, a vast load of firewood on her back.每天下午，一个背着一大背柴火的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。三、独立主格结构的句法功能其在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件