非谓语动词讲解.doc

英语非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing, done ,to do 。 ; 一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .2 His wish is to be a driver . 3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5I have nothing to say . 6They went to see their aunt . 7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next .9I heard them make a noise .说明：1动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4动词不定式作宾语补足语，5动词不定式作定语,6动词不定式作目的状语,7动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1 “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to object to , come to, lead to, refer to, thank to , devote to be used to , look forward to 2 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in 3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like, begin , try, need , forget , agree, know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange, dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask, mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1） 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angrysurprised, frightened, disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2)目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3)结果I hurried to get there only to find him out . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作补足语I saw himplay in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有： see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , havemake, observe, notice注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： Hewas seen to playin the street just now.二动名词Learning English is verydifficult .学英语非常困难。His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构： . 1Its no use talking with him . 2Theres some difficulty /trouble ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem, fun, pleasure, a good time, a hard time 注意以下几个问题：1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do 忘记要做某事forget doing忘记做了某事remember to do记住要做某事remember doing 记着做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味着做了某事regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing 对做过去的事后悔cant help to do不能帮助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing 继续做某事used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事 3 动名词主动形式表被动的情况： need doing , want doing , require doing This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy, escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require ,suggest , risk , keep, t , look forward to , feel like , cant help , cant stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , give up , 三 分词 (现在和过去分词) （其中现在分词表示动作正在发生，表示主动。 过去分词表示被动和完成）1 Thestory is interesting . Im interested in it . 这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2 . This is a moving film . 这是一部动人的电影。3. The teacher worked late into the night , preparing a lesson . 老师工作到深夜，在备课，。4. Given more time , Ill do it well . 如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。When he passed the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank . 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：1现在分词与过去分词的区别Do you know the woman talking to Tom ? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing countryand America is a developed country.2分词作表语The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited . 。 3）常作表语的过去分词：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed, lost, broken , gone , delighted, 3现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging . What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .4注意的四种结构：have something to do有某事要做have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事have something doing 让某事一直做着5 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat , Be seated I was seated on the chair .6分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Havingfinished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）He ran