高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature单元综合测评（含解析）牛津译林版必修5.doc

第三单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。m:you are late again,miss smith.dont you have a watch or something?w:yes,i thought that i had set the alarm clock for 7 oclock,but it rang an hour later.1.when did the alarm clock ring?a.at 6 oclock.b.at 7 oclock.c.at 8 oclock.答案:cw:would you mind if i open the window?m:of course not.its really hot in the room.open the window to let in more fresh air.2.what does the woman want to do?a.open the door.b.let the man in.c.open the window.答案:cm:where to,miss?w:please drop me off at the kings department store.m:on the west side?w:no,the east side,near the post office.3.whats the probable relationship between the speakers?a.taxi driver and passenger.b.driver and conductor.c.boss and secretary.答案:aw:hello.this is kate from the rainbow hotel.is jimmy at home?m:no.hes in the lab,but he will be back home at 4 oclock.4.where is jimmy now?a.in a hotel.b.at home.c.in the lab.答案:cw:im going to the store.what would you like me to buy for you?m:would you please buy a wallet for me while you are there?w:with pleasure.5.what will the woman do for the man?a.wash his clothes.b.get him a wallet.c.take him to the store.答案:b第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。m:hey,karen,you are not really reading that,are you?you havent turned the page in the last 10 minutes.w:no,jim,i suppose i havent.i need to get through it,but i keep drifting away.m:so it doesnt really hold your interest?w:no,not really.to be honest,i have to read it for a seminar.im at the university.i dont like the course at all.you see,i wanted to do philosophy rather than english,but my parents didnt agree.m:oh,i see.6.why cant the woman concentrate on the book?a.shes worried about the seminar.b.the man interrupts her.c.she lacks interest in it.答案:c7.what is the womans present major?a.psychology.b.philosophy.c.english.答案:c听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。m:i see you are busy now,kate.once you finish,id like to have a talk with you.w:alright.come in,please.m:oh,no,i dont want to interrupt you.i can wait.ill come back later.w:im afraid its going to be a long wait!im working on my english paper.m:english paper?i thought youd finished it.didnt you turn it in on friday?w:uh-huh.but the professor just returned it to me.i was told to add five more pages.m:five more pages!thats quite a lot.how are you going to do it?w:thats what i am trying to figure out.now what can i do for you?8.what does the man want to do?a.help the woman with her work.b.have a talk with the woman.c.go out with the woman.答案:b9.what was the woman asked to do?a.add some pages to her english paper.b.hand in her english paper next friday.c.write a new english paper.答案:a听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。w:now mr snow,what can you remember about the attack?m:well,i was working late yesterday evening.w:what time did you leave your office?m:about a quarter past nine.w:are you sure?m:yes,officer.i looked at my watch.w:what did you do then?m:well,i locked the door,and i was walking to my car when somebody hit me on the head.w:did you see the attacker?m:no,he was wearing a stocking over his head.w:tell me,mr snow,how did you break your leg?m:well,when the doctors were putting me into the car,they dropped me!10.what happened to the man?a.he was caught by the policemen.b.he lost his watch.c.he was attacked.答案:c11.who is probably the woman?a.the mans wife.b.a policewoman.c.the mans workmate.答案:b12.how did the man go to work yesterday?a.by bus.b.by car.c.by bike.答案:b听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。m:hello,betty.its me,tim.am i calling at a bad time?w:no,not really.m:i have invited some of my friends to dinner at my house this evening.i thought maybe youd like to come,too.w:well,that sounds good,but im afraid ive got to do some reading for my english course at home.m:today is friday.youve got to relax and enjoy yourself on the weekend.w:i know.but there is a lot of reading to do.besides,i really ought to do my washing this evening.m:then would you like to come just for a drink later on instead?w:actually,id like to go to bed early tonight.im a bit tired.m:ok.have a good rest.ill call you again tomorrow.w:dont call me early.i usually sleep until 9:00 on saturdays.m:what?thatll be too late for our saturday country drive.w:did i say id go with you for a drive to the country?m:no,but i have already planned everything.w:listen,tim,i like to plan my own days myself.13.what is the man going to do this evening?a.do some reading.b.invite his friends.c.do some washing.答案:b14.what does the woman plan to do in the evening?a.stay at home.b.hold a dinner party.c.have a drink with the man.答案:a15.what should the woman do on the weekend in the mans opinion?a.have fun.b.have a good sleep.c.take some exercise.答案:a16.when does the woman usually get up on saturdays?a.at 11:00.b.at 10:00.c.at 9:00.答案:c听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。w:welcome to guide dogs training center,boys and girls!first let me tell you something about guide dogs.in 1918 a doctor and his pet dog walked with a soldier who was blind.the doctor went in the hospital for a short time.when he came out,he saw his pet had guided the soldier on the other side of the hospital yard safely.so he taught a dog to guide a person and it worked out well.germany helped start a program to teach dogs to be guides.dorothy,an american woman,went to germany to find out more about the guide dogs.when she came back to the united states,she wrote about it in a magazine.soon more people knew about the guide dogs.the best dogs for the job are clever and fit.it takes more than 2 years to train a little dog to be a guide dog.when the dog is 14 months old,it learns many instructions.then the owner and the dog meet,and they practice for 4 weeks.have i made myself clear?ok,lets go on visiting.17.whose pet dog was the one in 1918?a.a doctors.b.a soldiers.c.dorothys.答案:a18.where did dorothy go to learn about the guide dogs?a.america.b.germany.c.england.答案:b19.how long does it take to train a little dog to be a guide dog?a.over 2 years.b.14 months.c.4 months.答案:a20.what will the listeners do next?a.teach dogs to be guides.b.introduce their pet dogs.c.visit the center.答案:c第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出最佳选项。aenergy goes from one plant or animal to another.a food chain shows how this energy moves.each time an animal gets eaten,its energy is passed onto the animal that eats it.the food chain is very important because it keeps the balance of nature.if one part of the food chain disappears,it can affect all the other plants and animals.any threat to the food chain is a threat to the environments biodiversity(生物多样性).the food chain helps keep animal populations in balance.however,if something happens to damage one of the links in the food chain,that balance is broken.if one animal becomes endangered,it puts all the animals above it at risk.some of the threats are natural,such as wildfires,hurricanes,tornados,floods and so on.but the biggest threats to the food chain come from you and me.these threats include overfishing,logging,farming,development,pollution,etc.the food chain is endangered anywhere humans have had an effect on the natural environment.a recent study shows that the overfishing of large sharks is damaging the food chain along the us atlantic coast.canadian and american scientists say sharks are being killed in great numbers for their meat and fins(鳍).now,not enough sharks are around to eat the cownose ray.the rays population has increased and they have eaten up the shellfish to the point where it has hurt commercial(商业的) fishing.many of us disturb the natural environment in our own backyards.its up to us to take care of the environment and try not to disrupt the natural food chain.if we dont act responsibly,animals will start disappearing.21.what can we learn from paragraph 1?a.the food chain is not easy to be broken.b.the energy of an animal usually disappears when it dies.c.increasing the links will not break the balance of nature.d.breaking the food chain is bad for the biodiversity of the environment.答案:d解析:段落大意题。根据第一段“the food chain is very important because it keeps the balance of.any threat to the food chain is a threat to the environments biodiversity(生物多样性).”可知,食物链的存在对维持大自然的生态平衡和生物多样性有着重要的作用。如果食物链遭到破坏,食物链上的所有动植物都会受到影响,故选d项。22.the study mentioned in paragraph 3 proves that .a.human activities can be a big threat to the food chainb.we are all responsible for the breaking of the food chainc.natural disasters are hard to break the food chaind.hunting large sharks for meat is beneficial答案:a解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的“the food chain is endangered anywhere humans have had an effect on the natural environment.”可知,人类的过度捕捞和过度砍伐等行为已经给食物链带来了很大的威胁。第三段列举的是过度捕杀鲨鱼的例子,以此来说明人类活动对食物链产生的威胁,故选a项。23.we can infer that the writer wrote this passage mainly to.a.explain what the food chain isb.tell us something interesting about naturec.suggest that we stop eating meat to save animalsd.suggest that we should not disrupt the natural food chain答案:d解析:写作意图题。文章主要讲的是食物链的重要作用和食物链面临的威胁。根据最后一段的“its up to us to take care of the environment and try not to disrupt the natural food chain.if we dont act responsibly,animals will start disappearing.”可知,人们应该自觉地保护环境,不去破坏自然界存在的食物链。故作者写这篇文章是在建议读者不要破坏食物链的自然平衡,要爱护我们的环境,故选d项。bone day,i received a call from a colleague.he was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem,while the student claimed a perfect score.i was elected as their arbiter(仲裁人).i read the examination problem,“show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” the student had answered,“take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower it to the street,and then bring it up and measure the length of the rope.the length of it is the height of the building.”the student had really answered the question completely,but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics.i suggested the student try again.i gave him six minutes to answer the question,warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics.five minutes later,he said he had many answers and dashed off one,which read “take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof.drop the barometer,timing its fall with a stopwatch,then use the physical formula(公式)to calculate the height of the building.”at this point,my colleague had to accept it,and then the student made almost full marks.i couldnt help asking the student what the other answers were.he listed many others,and then added,“probably the best one is to take the barometer to the administrator and say to him,sir,here is a fine barometer.if you tell me the height of the building,i will give it to you.”then,i asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question.he admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.the name of the student was bohr who later was famous all over the world.he won the nobel prize in physics in 1922.24.the student got a zero at the beginning because .a.the teacher wasnt satisfied with himb.his answer wasnt complete or correctc.the teacher didnt fully understand his answerd.his answer didnt show his knowledge of physics答案:d解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics”可知,这个学生的解题方法没有体现物理方面的知识是他得零分的原因。25.we know from the passage that .a.the student knew the expected answerb.the administrator told bohr the heightc.the author preferred bohrs last answerd.the teacher was a very stubborn person答案:a解析:细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的“then,i asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question.he admitted that he did.” 可知,这个学生知道被期待的答案是什么。故a项正确。26.we can learn from the passage that .a.instructors can teach students how to thinkb.arbiters can help students to get high scoresc.students should be given more freedom in thinkingd.teachers should make students use physical formulas答案:c解析:推理判断题。从最后两段的内容可知,玻尔富有创造性思维并获得了诺贝尔奖,由此推断文章主张学生应该被允许自由地思考。27.what was bohrs attitude toward his schooling?a.optimistic.b.critical.c.approving.d.pessimistic.答案:b解析:观点态度题。从倒数第二段中的“but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think”可知,玻尔对他接受的教育持批判的态度。cone in five people carry a “smart gene” variant(变体)linked to long lifespan,bigger forebrains and enhanced mental ability,researchers have found.“weve known for a long time that people lose cognitive(认知) abilities as they age,but now were beginning to understand that factors like klotho can give people a boost in aging.genetic variation in klotho could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old,like alzheimers disease(老年痴呆症),” said senior author,dena dubal of university of california.the klotho gene affects a protein found in the kidneys and the brain that regulates many different body processes.about one in five people carry a single copy of the variant,known as kl-vs,which boosts levels of the protein and is associated with a longer lifespan and improved heart and kidney function.a small minority,3% of the population,has two copies,which is linked to a shorter lifespan.in the new study scientists scanned the brains of 422 men and women aged 53 and over who were also tested for the klotho gene.they found that participants with a single copy of the gene variant also had a larger brain region known as rdlpfc,which is especially likely to shrink with age.loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time.researcher dr jennifer yokoyama said,“the brain region enhanced by genetic variation in klotho is vulnerable(脆弱的)in aging and some mental disease.in this case,bigger size means better function.it will be important to determine whether the structure increase associated with carrying one copy of kl-vs can offset the cognitive(认知的)shortage caused by disease.”people who have one copy of a variant kl-vs tend to live longer and have lower chances of suffering a stroke(中风),whereas people who have two copies may live shorter lives and have a higher risk of stroke.28.what can we learn from the second paragraph?a.peoples cognitive abilities do not decline if people have klotho.b.with the clear understanding of klotho,alzheimers disease can be cured now.c.genetic variation in klotho could be helpful in treating mental disease in elderly people.d.genetic variation in klotho could lead people to suffer from alzheimers disease.答案:c解析:细节理解题。由第二段“genetic variation in klotho could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old,like alzheimers disease(老年痴呆症)”这一信息可知,c项正确。29.if a person carries two copies of the gene variant,he/she may .a.have better kidney functionb.have a shorter lifespanc.have a higher level of the protein in his/her bodyd.suffer from some cognitive disease答案:b解析:细节理解题。由第三段“a small minority,3% of the population,has two copies,which is linked to a shorter lifespan.”这一信息可知,b项正确。30.the reason why older peoples attention is easily distracted may be that .a.they have fewer neurons in the rdlpecb.their brain region is too largec.they have two copies of the gene variantd.they have more neurons in the rdlpec答案:a解析:细节理解题。由第四段“loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time.”可知,a项正确。31.what does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 5 probably mean?a.prevent.b.balance.c.keep.d.promote.答案:b解析:由前面的increase和后面的shortage可知,此处应为b项。dalibaba started taking the lead in china by connecting big chinese manufacturers(制造商) with big buyers across the world.its business-to-business site,a allowed business to buy almost everything.alibabas advantage wasnt hard to judge:size.alibaba is just big,even by chinese standards.its market attracts 231 million active buyers,8 million sellers,11.3 billion orders a yearand alibaba is just the middleman.it encourages people to use its marketsnot charging small sellers a percentage of the sale.if you want a quick look into the influence of alibaba on daily chinese life,take my experience.i moved to beijing a year ago and quickly got tired of visiting small stores across the crowded,polluted city of 20 million people in search of new electronics,bathroom furnishings,and anything else my wife wanted.“youre looking for what exactly?why not try it?” my chinese teacher asked me one day.with that,my wonderful new relationship with alibaba began.alibabas original business-to-business model now is second to consumer buying.chinese retail(零售) buying makes up 80% of alibabas profit,and leading that group is taobao,with 800 million items for sale and the most unbelievable selection of things youll ever find.t is alibabas another big site,where you can find brand name goods from nike and unilever near the lowest prices.what i have a hard time explaining to friends and family back in the u.s.is how china has gone beyond traditional shopp