北京市崇文区高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（3）(1).doc

北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（3）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。on that september morning five years ago，a memory of his father came to mayor rudy giuliani.in it，the brooklyn plumber and bartender was telling his only child，“in a crisis，you have to become the calmest person in the room.”giuliani became more than that.his suit coated with ash from the wreckage，he stood firm，vowing that new yorkers would show the world the meaning of courage.he comforted victims families，attended funerals of police and firefighters，rallied his fellow citizens on radio and television.hed overcome hardships before，including a bitter，public end to his marriage，and a battle with prostate cancer.alongside the terrifying challenges of 9/11，theyre the kind of events that could break anyones public and personal life.but giulianis resolve to success is stronger than ever，and now he is about to find out if his legacy of leadership endures.after the coming midterm elections，he will decide whether to seek the republican nomination for president in 2008，or whether to carry on with the business ventures he took up post9/11.having spent years in public serviceas a us.attorney (lawyer) in new york，an associate attorney general during the reagan administration，and two terms as mayor of the big applegiuliani,62，is finally cashing_in.chair and ceo of giuliani partners llc，hes making millions as a security and crisis management consultant.hes also a law partner with bracewell & giuliani，and gives speeches that reportedly earn him $100,000 a pop.still，he insists that his current work is about the challenge rather than the money.“learning more about business，finance，how to straighten out organizationsthats very exciting to me，” he says.but when he talks about public service，his intensity added.“i miss being involved in the most important things that are going on.when some crisis happens，you feel thats what youve been trained for，what you know how to do.”notes：plumber n管道工bartender n酒吧侍者rally vt.使恢复力量endure n耐久nomination n提名venture n企业consultant n顾问【语篇解读】 本文是人物介绍，介绍了美国著名的领导人鲁迪朱利亚尼。1the passage probably appears in a _.afilm b novel cmagazine dlecture答案c推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇人物介绍应该出自杂志。2which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?arudy giuliani was well prepared to run for president in 2008.brudy giuliani once worked as plumber and bartender before becoming mayor.cthe terrifying challenges of 9/11 made giuliani more determined than ever.drudy giuliani worked as mayor of the big apple，which is a nickname for new york.答案b细节理解题。第一段“.a memory of his father came to mayor rudy giuliani.in it，the brooklyn plumber and bartender was telling his only child，”中的the brooklyn指的是rudy giuliani的父亲，故b项表述错误，符合题意。3giuliani has experienced a lot of difficulties except _.aincomplete marriagebprostate cancercterrifying challenges of 9/11 dlosing his business ventures答案d细节理解题。第三段介绍他经历了离婚、严重的癌症、911危机挑战，但是文中没有提到他失去了他创立的事业。4it can be inferred that the writer wrote the passage to _.aencourage people to face the terrifying challenges of 9/11 bravelybintroduce giuliani to the public and persuade people to support himctell the public giulianis family background and his natural leadershipdtell the public that the republican will win the election答案b推理判断题。文章向公众介绍了美国著名政治人物鲁迪朱利亚尼的个人经历、人格魅力以及他为2008年的总统提名所作的准备和他为国家服务的决心，其目的当然是为了赢得更多公众的支持。阅读理解in 1993, new york state ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (=drink) containers. within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). the problem was not limited to new york. unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the united states. the reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc.as the new york experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. a discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. in many areas, the east coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. for every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of new york, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.6. what regulation was issued by new york state concerning beverage containers?a. a fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.b. throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.c. consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.d. beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.7 the returned plastic bottles in new york used to .a. be turned into raw materialsb. be separated from other rubbish c. have a second-life valued. end up somewhere underground8. the key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is .a. how to reduce their recycling costsb. to sell them at a profitable pricec. how to turn them into useful thingsd. to lower the prices for used materials9. recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because .a. recycling causes little pollutionb. other methods are more expensivec. recycling has great appeal for the joblessd. local governments find it easy to manage10 it can be concluded from the passage that .a.recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyb. local governments in the u. s. can expect big profits from recyclingc. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsd. landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal 全解全析本文讲美国纽约1993年颁布法令要求商场就饮料瓶对顾客收费后的执行情况。c 推理判断题。由第一段第一句和第二句可推知。d 细节理解题。由第一段第三句中的but分句可知。c 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句和第三段第二句可知。b 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句可知。a 推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可推知。阅读理解-cnasa is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed lander on mars icy north pole to search for clues for water and possible signs of life.the $386 million phoenix mars is planned to touch down in the martian arctic in 2008. the stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyze. in 2002, the mars odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface. scientists hope the phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the red planet and determine whether microbes existed in the ice.phoenix will be the first mission of the mars scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the red planet. “the phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of mars analogous to the permafrost regions on earth,” peter smith said. true to its name, phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missions. the lander for phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 mars surveyor program. but the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the mars polar lander in 1999. the polar lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planets south pole after its rocket engine shut off prematurely, causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction. the phoenix probe had been in storage at a lockheed martin clean room in denver before it was reused for its present mission. it will carry science instruments that were designed for the mars surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. phoenix will lift off from the kennedy space center in august 2007 and land on the planet nine months later.11. the passage mainly tells readers that _. a. clues of water will be found in phoenix b. phoenix will be sent to find clues of water on mars c. august 2007 will see phoenix lift off d. the mars scout program will be carried out12. the underlined word “prematurely” (paragraph 5) means _. a. on timeb. behind the timec. out of workd. ahead of time13. according to the passage, we know phoenix will land on mars _.a. in may 2008 b. in august 2007 c. in august 2008 d. in september 200814. according to the passage, the name “phoenix” is after the meaning of _. a. rebirth b. death c. energyd. hope15. after phoenix lands on mars, we can infer it will firstly _. a. find soil samples and send them to the earth b. look for the icy land to dig for the soil samples c. take photos and send them to the earth d. find the remains of the mars polar lander 全解全析 本文主要是讲美国国家航空和航天管理局计划2008年将phoenix送到火星探索水源的线索和存在生命的可能性。b 主旨大意题。由第一段可知。d 猜测词义题。由该词所处语境和常识可知，是火箭引擎“提前”关闭，才会失去联系。a 细节理解题。由最后一段的最后一句可推算出。a 推理判断题。由第五段第一句推知。b 推理判断题。由第二段第二句可知。阅读理解the modern british empire first took shape in the early 17th century，with the british settlement of the eastern colonies of north america，which would later become the original united states，as well as canadas maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the caribbean such as trinidad and tobago，the bahamas，barbados，and jamaica.these sugar plantation islands，where slavery became the basis of the economy，were at first britains most important and successful colonies.the american colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of british immigrants.britains american empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization.the ever growing american colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands.conflict arose with the dutch over trade and empire; first anglodutch war (16521654); second anglodutch war (16651667); third anglodutch war (16721674); britain gained control of new amsterdam，which was renamed new york，but ceded suriname.they defeated the french，first expanding their hold over the maritime provinces.then during the seven years war the british defeated the french at the plains of abraham and captured all of new france in 1760.this gave britain control over almost all of north america.fourth anglodutch war (17801784); anglodutch treaty of 1814；anglodutch treaty of 1824. in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technological advances led to the industrial revolution.britains position as the worlds preeminent trader helped fund research and experimentation.the nation was also gifted by some of the worlds greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the new revolution.notes： naval adj.海的cede vt.放弃treaty n条约preeminent adj.卓越的；优秀的长短句分析：the american colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of british immigrants.句法点睛：本句中，“providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north”为定语，修饰colonies；but连接两个谓语。句意：美洲的殖民地，南方提供了烟草、棉花、水稻，北方提供了海产品和皮毛，这从经济上不是很成功，但是肥沃的农业用地吸引了大量的英国移民。【语篇解读】 现代大不列颠帝国的雏形开始于17世纪，当时英国占领了现在美国、加拿大临海的一些省份以及北美一些岛屿国家的地方。英国进行了残酷的殖民统治，从当地人手中夺取了大量的土地。南方为英国人提供烟草、棉花和水稻，而