PHYSIOLOGY生理学food.doc

PHYSIOLOGY生理学physiology生理学physiologist生理学家anatomy解剖学；人体结构 autopsy (postmortem examination)（尸体）解剖dissect (anatomize)解剖scalpel解剖刀cell细胞tissue组织organ器官organ system器官系统digestive system消化系统intakeingest摄入（食物）saliva唾液 intestine (bowel)肠small intestine小肠large intestine大肠abdomen腹部anus肛门excrete排泄pancreas 胰腺bile胆汁gallbladder 胆囊skeletal system骨骼系统skeleton骨骼skull头颅rib肋骨 spine脊椎muscular system肌肉系统muscle肌肉muscle fiber肌纤维voluntary muscle随意肌；横纹肌involuntary muscle (smooth muscle)平滑肌contract收缩cramp (spasm)痉挛；抽筋respiratory system呼吸系统 syndrome nostril鼻孔windpipe气管lung肺exhale呼气inhale吸气pulmonary 肺的circulatory system循环系统cardiology心脏病学arteriosclerosis动脉硬化(blood)vessel血管artery 动脉vein静脉capillary毛细管plasma血浆liver肝脏metabolism新陈代谢urinary system泌尿系统urinary bladder膀胱kidney肾脏nephron肾单位reproductive system生殖系统reproduction 生殖puberty发育期egg卵sperm精子uterus (womb)子宫fertilize使受精chromosome染色体pregnant怀孕gene基因 genetically embryo 胚胎fetus胎儿insemination授精endocrine system内分泌系统gland腺hormone 荷尔蒙secrete 分泌nervous system神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统neuron神经细胞；神经元reflex条件反射neuroscience (neurobiology)神经系统科学（神经生物学）12FOOD食品food(foodstuff) 食品food chain 食物链health food (green foodstuff)保健食品（绿色食品）convenience food方便食品edible 可食用的inedible不可食用的diet日常饮食dietary饮食的FDA (the Food and Drug Administration)食品及药物管理局vegetarian素食cereal (grain)谷类食物flour 面粉 bread面包 pastry 面点心pista 面条类食品yeast (leaven; ferment)（名词）酵母；（动物）发酵fruit水果salad色拉meat 荤食 dark meatbeef牛肉(beef) steak牛排；鱼排ground beef (hamburger) 绞牛肉；牛肉酱pork 猪肉mutton羊肉poultry家禽dairy奶制品butter黄油cheese 奶酪cream 奶油ice cream冰淇淋yogurt酸奶nutrient营养（成分）carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）；糖类glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖maltose麦芽糖starch淀粉fat 脂肪fat-free不含脂肪的the least fattening, of courseprotein蛋白质vitamin维生素calorie卡（路里）nourishing (nutritious) 有营养的malnourished营养不良nutrition营养process加工raw未加工的；生的preserve保存additive添加剂packaging包装vacuum packing真空包装restaurant饭馆fast-food restaurant (snack bar) 快餐部coffee shop咖啡馆；小吃店cafeteria自助餐馆menu 菜谱bar 酒吧beverage饮料wine葡萄酒liquor烈性酒alcoholic 含酒精的non-alcoholic不含酒精的；不喝酒的meal一餐；粗磨粉oatmeal燕麦片（粉）buffet (meal)自助餐egg（鸡）蛋fried egg (sunny-side up; over)荷包蛋（单煎一面；煎两面）scrambled egg炒鸡蛋poached egg水煮荷包蛋ham and eggs(bacon; sausage)火腿蛋（熏咸肉；香肠）appetizer开胃食品course一道菜dessert甜食refreshments茶点；点心banquet宴会cuisine烹调recipe食谱；配方spice (seasoning)香料；调味品spread涂抹食品的酱dr