根据构词法记忆单词.doc

一、根据构词法记忆单词（一）、常见前缀1 表示否定意义的前缀un:unbelievableuncomfortableunconsciousunfairuneasyunlikeunknownunusualunexpectedunemploymentunfortunatelyin:indirectinevitableincorrectincompleteindependentim:impossibleimpatientimpracticalimpoliteil:illegalir:irrespectiveirregularirresponsiblemis:mistakemisunderstandmisleadmisfortunemisconductdis:disadvantagediscouragedisableddisagreedisapprovediscountdiscoverdisappeardisordernon:nonsensenon-smokingab:abuseanti:anti-Japaneseanti-smoking2 表示时间、序列的前缀pre (前，预先):previewpreschoolprehistorypreviouspost (后):postwarpostgraduatepro (向前):proceedprogressprolongre (回，再):reviewrecyclereactreproduce recoverreformrefreshrenewrestore3 表示方向、位置的前缀inter (在之间):internationalinteractinterviewinternetin/im (向内):internalindoorinsideinteriorimportimmigrateex (向外):exportexteriorexternalexceedunder (在下面):underestimateundergroundunderlineundergraduatetrans (横过、):transporttransplanttransformtransmitout (外):outdooroutwardsoutsidemid (在中间):midnightmiddaymid-term4 表示数量、大小的前缀uni (一，统一):uniqueuniteunityuniversaluniformmin (少，减):minorminusminimummulti (多):multiply multinationalmultiple5 动词性前缀en:enableenjoyenforceencourage（二）、常见后缀1 常见名词后缀：ness:weaknessillnessfitnesshappinessment:treatmentstatementargumentarrangementequipmentmanagementdevelopmentemploymentimprovementachievementpunishmentmeasurementreplacemention:inventionselectionsuggestionelectioneducationpreventionreflectionradiationrejectionreactioninstructiondistinctiondevotioninnovationattractionexpressionimpressiontion:intentionattentionsion:expansionexplosiondecisionextensioncollisionation:invitationrealizationimaginationmodernizationobligationfoundationdeterminationreservationindustrializationapplicationship:friendshipscholarshipownershiprelationshiphardshipleadership (人):ity:popularityqualitymaturitypersonalitypublicitysecuritydiversitydom:freedomwisdomage:storagepackagepostagemarriageshortageal:refusalremovalarrivalproposalsurvivalapprovalism:tourismorganismcriticismy:discoveryrecoveryinjurydifficultydeliveryure:failurepressureexposuredepartureence:differencepatienceindependenceabsenceevidenceconfidenceance:distancesignificanceresistanceimportanceignoranceist (人):touristscientistspecialistant (人):servantimmigrantapplicantassistantaccountantconsultantdefendantinhabitantian (人):technicianmusicianelectricianor (人):survivoroperatorinventorgovernorconductorcompetitorer (人):manufacturerconsumercustomerownerprisoneremployer2 常见形容词后缀：ful (充满的):faithfulfearfulhopefulfruitfulhelpfulrespectfulgracefulpainfulcheerfulthoughtfulpowerfuly (的): wealthythirstyworthyhastyluckynoisyfaultyless (无的):hopelessuselessworthlessrestlesshelplessmeaninglessal (的): nationaloriginalpracticalnaturalmusicaloccasional medicalformalpersonalprofessionalexperimentalable (能的、可的):suitablevaluablerespectableremarkable favorablereliableprofitablefashionablemiserablenoticeableportablereasonablehonorablepreferabledesirableacceptablecomparablecomfortablely (的):timelyfriendlydeadlycostlyic (的):symbolicheroicclassichistoricorganicial (的) :industrial racialcommercialbeneficialfinancialinfluentialive (的):respectiveeffectiveimpressiveexpensiveprogressiveattractiveprotectivecomparativeious (的):suspiciousmysteriousous (的):poisonoushumorousdangerousish (似的): childishfoolishbookishent:differentpatientindependentabsentevidentconfidentant:distantsignificantresistantimportantignorant3 常见动词后缀：en:weakenlengthenhardenwidenthreatenfrightenstrengthenize:realizespecializesummarizemodernizecivilizecriticizeapologizesympathizefy:qualifyjustifyclassify（三）、合成词gentlemanhometownhomeworkhouseworkmankindSecond-handearthquakeplaygroundmainlandwidespreadspacecraftPostcardPostmantaxpayerwildlifemailboxsupermarketHeadlinedeadlinetimetablefootballPastimehardwarespaceshipstockholder二、根据场景记忆单词1、Schooluniversity1. teacher, advisor, supervisor, president, dean, professor 2. student, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate3. homeworkassignment, paperthesis, quiztestexam, marksgradesscorescredits, passfail4. BachelorsMasters Doctors degree, diploma, certificate5. major, department, coursesubject, compulsoryoptional course, 6. academic year, termsemester, schedule, office hour7. school recordreport, scholarshipawards8. enrollregister, admit, quit school, drop course9. dinning hall, dorm, language lab10. rent, lease, tenantlodger, landladylandlordLibrarylibrarian1. borrowreturn, renew, due, overdue, fine2. books, periodicals, fiction, reference books, magazines, volume, issue3. reading room, shelf, library card, library catalogueHospitalclinic1. doctor, surgeon, physician, patient2. flu, cold, fevertemperature, pain, ache, cancer, broken leg3. check, medicinedrug, injectionshot, pilltabletcapsulepain killer, dose, treatment, cure, 4. prescription, drug store, the chemists, recover, get betterget worse, Restaurant1. customer, waiterwaitresshostess, manager2. menu, order, drink, tip, bill, go Dutch, reservebook a table3. appetizer, main dish, dissert, steak, salad, toast, ham, jam, sausage, butter, pepperHotel1. receptionist, reception desk2. bookreserve a room, make a reservation, singledouble room with a bath, 3. vacant, fully booked, check in check out, shuttle, room serviceShop1. shop assistantsales girlsales man, customer, cashier2. look for, buy, purchase, take, try on3. price, cheapbargainreasonable, expensivecostlydear, discounton sale20% off4. in stockout of stock, sold out, color, size, style, cotton, leather, wool Airport1. air hostessstewardess, passenger, airplane flightairline, customs2. luggage, passport, ticket, boarding pass, departure gate, a window seat3. check in, take offland, fasten the safety-belt, claim the luggage, delay, declarePost officeregistered mail air mail, postage, parcel, printed matter, postcard, zip code, addressBankcash the check, open an account, withdrawdraw, deposit, exchange, interest rate, clerkTelephone1. Switchboard, extension, collect call, phone booth, out-going calls, in-coming calls2. dial, put sb. through, get through, the line is busy, hold the line hold on, leavetake a message 三、通过阅读积累单词Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. In the many states which still have the death penalty, some use the electrical chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection.The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.The pro-hanging lobby uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital punishment. First, there is the deterrence theory, which argues that the potential murderers would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, go back to being unarmed.The other two arguments are more suspect. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: the deterrence figure do not add up. In Britain, 1903 was the record for executions and yet in 1904 the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. if the deterrence theory were correct, the rate should have fallen.The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a mater of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.1. The passage is mainly about _.A. the argument in favor of the death penaltyB. the argument against the death penaltyC. the argument about the reintroduction of the death penaltyD. the argument about the abolition of the death penalty2. All of the following death penalty methods are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _.A. the electrical chair B. the lethal injectionC. the poisonous gas D. the shooting3. According to the first four paragraphs, which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. The death penalty may help the potential murders to arouse moral awareness.B. Ruth Ellis was shot by her lover, which was regarded as a crime of passion.C. The intentional murder should eat his own bitter fruit.D. According to the religious doctrine, punishment should serve as the injury suffered.4. In Paragraph 3, “deterrence” means _. A. proclamation B. protest C. protection D. prevention5. We can learn from the last paragraph that _.A. neither state not the individual has the right to take a lifeB. The state has the right to take a life but the individual does notC. The death penalty has nothing to do with individual conscience and beliefD. The deterrence figures have added up and the execution rate has fallen. Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that its is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another is a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While is could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murder.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has arisen to 10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决)，innocent people will be murderedsome whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.6. The principal purpose of the passage is to _.A. speak for the majority B. initiate a veto of death penaltyC. criticize the government D. argue for the value of the death penalty7. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between _.A. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyB. the effects of execution and the effects of isolationC. the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyD. executions and murders8. The authors response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be _.A. negative B. friendly C. supportive D. hostile9. In the passage the author is primarily concerned with _.A. analyzing a problem objectively B. settling a disputeC. supporting a position D. describing an event10. It can be inferred that the author thinks that _.A. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayB. the second type murders (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to deathC. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceD. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.Although the threat of global warming known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be mollified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2, in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low-or-medium-income countries are not willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none.11. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. analyze the problem of global warmingB. argue against making deep cuts in emissionsC. convince people that global warming is a real threatD. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer12. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that _.A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsB. many people welcome the global-warming effects a warmer summerC. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemD. world technology is not able to solve the problem13. In the passage the author implies that _.A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warmingB. the problem of global warming has largely been solvedC. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerD. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment14.According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _.A. some people are irresponsibleB. it would cause a collapse of the world economyC. it is only a goal to be reached in the futureD. some people are lacking in imagination15. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.B. They should provide advanced technology.C. They should replace all the harmful substances.D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as sim