2008医学考博英语统考真题.doc

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. A. It was called off unexpectedly.B. It raised more money than expected.C. It received fewer people than expected.D. It disappointed the woman for the mans absence.2. A. A thoracic case. B. A nervous disorder.C. A stomach problem. D. A psychiatric condition.3. A. In the housing office on campus. B. In the downtown hotel.C. At a rental agency. D. In the nursing home.4. A. Trilled. B. Refreshed C. Exhausted. D. Depressed.5. A. To travel with his parents. B. To organize a picnic in the country.C. To cruise, even without his friends. D. To take a flight to the Maldives.6. A. Hes got a revert. B. Hes got nausea.C. Hes got diarrhea. D. Hes got a runny nose.7. A. To suture the mans wound. B. To remove the bits of glass.C. To disinfect the mans injured. D. To take a close look at the mans wound.8. A. Mr. Lindley had got injured. B. Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C. Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair. D. Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A. She will apply to Duke University.B. She will probably attend the University of Texas.C. She made up her mind to give up school for work.D. She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10. A. Her boyfriend broke up with her.B. She was almost run over by a truck.C. One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D. She dumped her boyfriends truck in the river.11. A. The patient will not accept the doctors recommendation.B. The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C. The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D. The medicine is not available to the patient.12. A. It was more expensive than the original price. B. It was given to the woman as a gift.C. It was the last article on sale. D. It was a good bargain. 13. A. excited. B. Impatient. C. Indifferent. D. Concerned.14. A. She regrets buying the car. B. The car just arrived yesterday.C. She will certainly not buy the car. D. This is the car she has been wanting.15. A. He is seriously ill. B. His work is a mess.C. The weather is lousy this week. D. He has been working under pressure.Section BPassage One16. A. He has got bowel cancer. B. He has got heart disease.C. He has got bone cancer. D. He has got heartburn.17. A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinion.C. To be nut on chemotherapy. D. To have his bowel removed.18. A. A pretty minor surgery. B. A normal life ahead of him.C. A miracle in his coming years. D. A life without any inconveniences.19. A. Thankful. B. Admiring. C. Resentful. D. Respectful.20. A. It was based on the symptoms that man had described.B. It was prescribed considering possible complications.C. I was given according to the mans actual condition.D. It was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21. A. Smoking and Lung Cancer. B. Lung Cancer and the sexes.C. How to quit smoking. D. How to prevent lung cancer.22. A. Current smokers exclusively. B. Second-hand smokers.C. With a lung problems. D. At age 40 or over.23. A. 156 B. 269 C. 7498 D.942724. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancer.B. Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C. Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D. When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than men.25. A. Lung cancer can be early detected.B. Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C. Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D. Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26. A. A hobby B. The whole worldC. learning experience. D. A career to earn a living27. A. Her legs were broken B. Her arms were brokenC. Her shoulders were severely injured D. Her cervical vertebrate were seriously injured.28. A. She learned a foreign language B. She learned to make friends.C. She learned to be a teacher. D. She learned a living skills.29. A. She worked as a skiing coach. B. She was a college instructor.C. She was a social worker in a clinic.D. She worked as elementary school teacher.30. A. Optimistic and hard-bitten. B. Pessimistic and cynical.C. Humorous and funny. D. Kind and reliable.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section A31. Im afraid that youll have to _ the deterioration n. 恶化；退化；堕落of the condition.A. account for 对负有责任；对做出解释；说明的原因；导致；（比例）占B. call for 要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为叫喊C. look for 寻找D. make for 导致；有助于；走向32. Twelve hours a week seemed a generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；有雅量的_ of your time to the nursing home.A. affliction n. 苦难；苦恼；折磨B. alternative adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的 n. 二中择一；供替代的选择C. allocation n. 分配，配置；安置 （location n. 位置（形容词locational）；地点；外景拍摄场地）D. alliance n. 联盟，联合；联姻33. Every product is _ tested before being put into market.A. expensively B. exceptionally adv. 异常地；特殊地；例外地C. exhaustively adv. 耗尽一切地D. exclusively adv. 唯一地；专有地；排外地34. Having clean hands is one of the _ rules when preparing food.A. potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的B. conditional adj. 有条件的；假定的n. 条件句；条件语C. inseparable adj. 数 不可分割的；不能分离的n. 不可分离的事物；形影不离的朋友D. cardinal n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色；【鸟类】(北美)主红雀 adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的35. The educators should try hard to develop the _ abilities of children.A. cohesive adj. 有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的 B. cognitive adj. 认知的，认识的 C. collective adj. 集体的；共同的；集合的；集体主义的n. 集团；集合体；集合名词 D. comic adj. 喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物36. Mortgage vt. 抵押n. 抵押 房屋抵押贷款_ had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.A. defects n. 缺点，缺陷；不足之处vi. 变节；叛变B. deficits n. 赤字；不足额C. defaults vi. 拖欠；不履行；不到场n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对处以缺席裁判 （fault n. 故障；地质 断层；错误；缺点；毛病；（网球等）发球失误 vi. 弄错；产生断层）D. deceptions n. 欺骗，欺诈；骗术37. The symptoms n. 临床 症状；症候；病徵 may be _ by certain drugs.A. exaggerated adj. 夸张的，言过其实的 v. 夸张，夸大B. exacerbated vt. 使加剧；使恶化；激怒 = aggravate C. exceeded adj. 非常的；过度的；溢出的v. 超过（exceed的过去分词）；越出D. exhibited adj. 展出的 v. 展出；表现出（exhibit的过去分词）38. Her story was a complete adj. 完整的；完全的；彻底的vt. 完成_ from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.A. facility n. 设施；设备；容易；灵巧B. fascination n. 魅力；魔力；入迷 （adj. fascinating迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的 fascinated着迷的；被深深吸引的）C.fabrication n.制造，建造；装配；伪造物（n.fabric织物；布；组织；构造；fabricator制作者；杜撰者 v.fabricated制造，组装；伪造，捏造（fabricate的过去分词）vt.fabricate制造；伪造；装配）D. faculty n. 科，系；能力；全体教员39. The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out 排除；取消；划去；反对；阻止_.A. salvage n. 打捞；海上救助；抢救财货；救难的奖金vt. 抢救；海上救助B. safeguard n. 安全 保护；保卫；保护措施vt. 安全 保护，护卫C. sabotage vt. 妨害；对采取破坏行动vi. 从事破坏活动n. 破坏；破坏活动；怠工D. sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献40. The government always _ on the background n. 背景；隐蔽的位置vt. 作的背景adj. 背景的；发布背景材料的of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.A. takes up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)B. checks up 检查；核对（check out 检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章，结账后离开，结帐后离开，办理退房、出院手续）C. works out 解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼D. looks into 调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看Section B41. The 19th century physiology n. 生理学；生理机能 was dominated vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在中占主要地位 vi. 占优势；处于支配地位by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass 体重 and activity.A. boosted adj. 升高的；升压的；加力的v. 提高，推进；宣传（boost的过去式）B. governed v. 管理（govern的过去式和过去分词）；统治；支配C. clarified adj. 澄清的；透明的v. 阐明（clarify的过去分词形式）；澄清D. pioneered v. 倡导；作先驱（pioneer的过去式）42. Surely, it would be sensible adj. 明智的 合乎情理的 通情达理的 意识到的，能感觉到的to get a second opinion before taking any further action.采取进一步行动，进一步的行动A. realistic adj. 现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的B. sensitive adj. 敏感的；感觉的；仪 灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的n. 敏感的人；有灵异能力的人C. reasonable adj. 合理的，公道的；通情达理的D. sensational adj. 轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的（economic sanction经济制裁）43. The Chinese people hold the ancestors n. 祖先；被继承人in great veneration.n. 尊敬；崇拜 （Ancestor veneration祖先崇拜）A. recognition n. 识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认B. sincerity n. 真实，诚挚C. heritage n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权D. honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；勋章 vt. 尊敬；金融 承兑；承兑远期票据44. I worked to develop the requisite skill 必要技能（requisite adj. 必备的，必不可少的；需要的n. 必需品）for managerial adj. 管理 管理的；经理的 post.n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进A. perfect adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的 vt. 使完美；使熟练 n. 完成式B. exquisite adj. 精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；n. 服饰过于讲究的男子C. unique adj. 独特的，稀罕的；数 唯一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物D. necessary adj. 必要的；必需的；必然的 n. 必需品45. If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity 维修活动 and an index n. 指标；指数；索引；指针vi. 做索引vt. 指出；编入索引中of physiological age生理年龄, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.二者择一的；要么要么A. instance n. 实例；情况；建议 vt. 举.为例B. indicator n. 指示器；试剂 指示剂；计 指示符；压力计C. appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面D. option n. 计 选项；选择权；买卖的特权 （potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）46. The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise剧烈运动.（strenuous adj. 紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的）A. arduous adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的B. demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；吃力的v. 要求；查问（demand的ing形式）C. potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的D. continuous adj. 连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵不断的47. The hospital should be held accountable for 负责，对应付责任 the quality of care 护理质量 it delivers.A. practicable adj. 可用的；行得通的；可实行的B. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的n. 可靠的人C. flexible adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的D. responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的48. Greenpeace n. 绿色和平组织（保护动物不遭捕猎等）has been invite to appraise vt. 评价，鉴定；估价 the environment costs of such an operation.A. esteem vt. 尊敬；认为；考虑；估价 n. 尊重；尊敬B. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别 vi. 增值；涨价C. evaluate vt. 评价；估价；求的值vi. 评价；估价D. approve vt. 批准；赞成；为提供证据 vi. 批准；赞成；满意49. The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak.adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的A. chilly adj. 寒冷的；怕冷的B. dismal adj. 凄凉的，忧郁的；阴沉的，沉闷的n. 低落的情绪C. promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的 v. 许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）D. fanatic n. 狂热入迷者；盲信者；盲信 adj. 狂热的；盲信的50. These were vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的decisions n. 决定，决心；决议that bore upon （bear upon ）有关；瞄准；对施加压力 the happiness of everybody.A. ensured vt. 保证，确保；使安全B. ruined n. 废墟；毁坏；灭亡 vt. 毁灭；使破产 vi. 破产；堕落；被毁灭C. achieved vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功vi. 达到预期的目的，实现预期的结果，如愿以偿D. influenced n. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt. 影响；改变Part III Cloze (10%)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence n. 智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely _51_, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent 在一定程度上；在某种程度上our intelligence is given us at birth生下来时（innate adj. 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的）, and no amount of 即使再大（或再多）的（也不）special education can make a genius n. 天才，天赋；精神_52_ a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand另一方面, a child who lives in boring adj. 无聊的；令人厌烦的environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surrounding. Thus the _53_ of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his _54_. This view, not held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 在一定程度上；在某种程度上_55_ we are born with. The closer the blood relationship 血统；血缘关系between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people _56_, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins 遗 同卵双胞胎；妇产 单卵性双胎 they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have _57_ intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth._58_ now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征 that environment _59_ birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the _60_ that people who live in close contact with each other. But who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.53. A. amounts n. 数量，总额（amount的复数）v. 总和（amount的第三人称单数形式） B. qualities 统计 品质 C. limits n. 限制；限度；界线vt. 限制；限定 D. scores n. 分数；二十；配乐；刻痕vt. 获得；评价；划线，刻划；把记下vi. 得分；记分；刻痕54. A. disposition n. 处置；心理 性情；军 部署；倾向 B. perception n. 知觉；生理 感觉；看法；洞察力；获取 C. endowment n. 捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资 56. A. in advance adv. 预先，提前 B. for effect 为了给人良好的印象；为了得到效果 C. at random 胡乱地；随便地；任意地 D. under way 进行中；航行中；在行进57. A. similar adj. 相似的n. 类似物 B. various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的 C. appropriate adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的 vt. 占用，拨出 D. inborn adj. 天生的；先天的Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage One1.Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Sean would die. Seans case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just arent enough human organs to go around.四处走动；供应；（消息）流传 2.Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up 基因组成，遗传构成of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to 使.可接受humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome vt. 克服；胜过 vi. 克服；得胜（come over过来；顺便来访；抓住）our immune rejection 免疫排斥to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig heart for transplants vt. 移植；迁移；使移居n. 移植；移植器官；被移植物；移居者vi. 移植；迁移；移居by the year 2008. 3.That prospect n. 前途；预期；景色vi. 勘探，找矿vt. 勘探，勘察, however, has stirred up 激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起strong opposition n. 反对；反对派；在野党；敌对among animal fight activities. They protest vi. 抗议；断言vt. 抗议；断言n. 抗议adj. 表示抗议的；抗议性的 that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel adj. 残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的，让人受难的；无情的，严酷的and unjust. adj. 不公平的，不公正的；非正义的.Some scientists also fear such transplants may transmit vt. 传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传 unknown diseases to humans. 4.Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventableadj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的. The key is to convince people to eat healthily, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的 organs. 5.Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off 起飞；脱下；离开 the waiting list in a year.61. What is the problem the passage begins with?A. High mortality rate of immune rejection.B. A malpractice n. 玩忽职守；不法行为；治疗不当 in heart transplantation.C. An unusual case of organ transplant.D. A shortage of human organs.62. Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue技术问题, according to the passage but also it _.A. introduces an issue of inhumanityn. 不人道，无人性；残暴B. raises the issue of justice n. 司法，法律制裁；正义；法官，审判员in medicineC. presents a significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物threat to human nature人性；人类本性D. pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits63. Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists _.A. are to narrow adj. 狭窄的，有限的；勉强的；精密的；度量小的n. 海峡；狭窄部分，隘路vt. 使变狭窄 the scope n. 范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程 vt. 审视of organ transplantsB. switch to v. 切换到；转到；转变成 the development of artificial organsC. come up with 提出；想出；赶上 alternatives to the current problemD. set out to 打算，着手,开始purchase n.购买；紧握；起重装置vt.购买；赢得vi. 购买东西better ways of treating heart disease64. It can be inferred from推断the concluding paragraph of the passage that _.A. the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB. the present supply of human organs still has potential n. 潜能；可能性；电 电势 adj. 潜在的；可能的；势的（potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）to be explored vt. 探索；探测；探险C. people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposes n. 目的；用途；意志 vt. 决心；企图；打算D. the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed65. The information the passage carries is _.A. enlightening adj. 使人领悟的；有启发作用的v. 启蒙；通知（enlighten的ing形式）B. unbelievable adj. 难以置信的；不可信的C. imaginative adj. 虚构的；富于想象的；有创造力的（imaginable可能的；可想像的）D. factual adj. 事实的Passage Two1.There is a great irony n. 讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事 adj. 铁的；似铁的of 21st century global health: While many hundreds of millions of 数以亿计 people lack adequate adj. 充足的；适当的；胜任的 food as a result of economic inequitiesn. 不公平，不公正, political corruption政治腐败（corruptionn. 贪污，腐败；堕落）, or warfare n. 战争；冲突, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of 达到的程度increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity n. 肥大，肥胖 is a worldwide phenomenonn. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert vt. 转移；使欢娱；使转向 scarce resources 稀有资源（scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的；稀有的adv. 仅仅；几乎不；几乎没有）away from food security 粮食安全；食品安全；食物保障to take care of people with preventable adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 heart disease a