定语从句讲解2.doc

定语从句：第二讲一、 复习导入The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。=I once lived in the house the roof of which has fallen in.I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。二、 新授课： （一）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所充当的成分）：若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。1). Ill never forget the day _I spent with you on the farm. (从句等于：I spent the day with you on the farm.) (the day作_语）2). Ill never forget the day _I worked together with you on the farm. (从句等于：I worked together with you on the farm on that day.) （the day作_语）3). He works in the factory _ makes color TV sets.(从句等于：The factory makes color TV sets.) (the factory作_语)4). He works in the factory _ color TV sets are made.(从句等于：Color TV sets are made in the factory.) (the factory 作_语)练习1:用适当的关系词填空1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonab：le.2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?4） I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。 I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。5） I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。 I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。6） This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。 This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 （介词+which/whom）关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：1若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)2 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。考点： “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词如何确定？1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.练习2：用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based. （on ）2. The song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.(in)3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late. (for )4. I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me. (in )5. This is the hero _ whom we are proud. (of )6. I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter. (with)7. They are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly. (of )8. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. (with )9. It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs. (to )10. I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely. ( on /upon) 注意:“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据 “介词+关系代词” 在从句中的作用及意义。练习3：单项选择1. Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which2. Ill never forget the day _I joined the League. A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which3. The woman _my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom4. Jeanne was her old friend, _she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom5. His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that6. she is a teacher of much knowledge, _much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom7. He built a telescope _he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it8. Do you know the reason _he was late? A. that B. which C. for what D. for which9. I have bought two ball pens, _writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them10. The Second World War _millions of people were killed in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which11. China has many rivers,_ _the Changjiang River is the longest. A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which12. This is the very knife _I used to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which C. which D. with which用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句13. The speed _which you drive your car mustnt too high.14. In the park th