人教版英语总复习中考题型课件：阅读理解.ppt

英语,阅读理解,1命题原则(1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。(4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2试题特点阅读理解题要求学生根据材料的内容从四个(或三个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。,3阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是3040分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告以及各类图表等等。预计2015年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在设题方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。,1阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。2注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说：“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。3优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。4复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。,【体验中考】一、记叙篇A(2014，重庆)RachelCarsonwasbornintheUSAonMay27,1907.Hermother,MariaCarson,hadbeenaschoolteacher.Shelovedbooks.Shealsolovednature.SheshowedRachelthebeautyofnature.ShealsotaughtRacheladeeploveforbooks.Asaquietchild,Rachellikedtoreadandwritestories.Ataveryearlyage,shedecidedshewantedtobeawritersomeday.Herstoryfirstappearedinachildrensmagazinewhenshewastenyearsold.Herfirstbook,UndertheSeaWindcameoutin1941.In1948,MissCarsonbeganworkingonanotherbook,TheSeaAroundUs.Shealwaysresearchedcarefullywhenshewrote.ShecollectedinformationfrommorethanonethousandplacestowriteTheSeaAroundUs.Whenthebookcameoutin1951,itwontheNationalBookAward.ItwasNo.1onthebestsellerlistformorethanayear.TheSeaAroundUsmadeRachelCarsonfamous.RachelCarsonsmostfamousbook,SilentSpringcameoutin1962.Inthisbook,shepointedoutthattheuseofsomekindsofpesticides(杀虫剂)likeDDTwouldcausethenumberofbirdstodeclinebecauseitwouldkillthemaswell.Finally,inNovember1969,theUnitedStatesgovernmentdecidedthattheuseofDDTmuststopintwoyears.RachelCarsonhasbeenregardedasagreatenvironmentalist(环保主义者)andwriter.Shewillberememberedbytheworld.,1RachelCarsonhadadeeplovefornatureandbooksbecauseof_B_.AherfatherBhermotherCherschoolteacherDherbrother2Racheldecidedthatshewantedtobeawriterwhen_A_.AshewasveryyoungBshewasincollegeCshebecameateacherDshebecamefamous3TheChinesemeaningoftheword“decline”inthispassageisprobably“_B_”A增加B减少C维持D翻番4WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？_D_ARachelCarsonwasacarefulandseriouswriter.BTheSeaAroundUswontheNationalBookAward.CInSilentSpringRachelsaidsomepesticideswerebadfortheenvironment.DTheuseofDDTwasstoppedassoonasthebookSilentSpringcameout.,B(2014，咸宁)DecidetoDoWellEverybodymakesdecisionsindailylife.Theycanbeasimportantaswhatyouwilldointhefutureorassimpleaswhatyouwilleatforbreakfast.Anydecisioncouldbetheturningpointofyourlife.ImadeanimportantdecisionwhenIwasinJunior3.BeforeImadethatdecisionIwasoneoftheboyswhotriedtoohardtoactasanadult.Ididntknowthatonlykidswanttoshowthemselvesasadults.Ididntlistentomyparentsandteachers,andmygradesbecamepoor.Thencamethehighschoolentranceexam.Attheturningpointofmylife,mymomwantedtohaveaconversationwithme.IwantedtoturnitdownbutwhenIlookedathereyes,IfeltIcouldntrefuse.Insteadofaskingmetostudyhard,tomysurprise,MomjustaskedwhatIwantedtodointhefuture.Withoutthinkingtoomuch,IjustsaidIwouldliketostudyhard.Momsmiledandaskedagain：“Iasked：whatdoyouWANTtodo？”Ineverseriouslythoughtaboutthequestion.So,Ikeptsilent.“Whetheryouwanttogoonstudyingorenterthesociety，”shewenton,“itisyourowndecision.Yourlifeoughttobedecidedbyyou,notbyanyoneelse,includingme.”Aftersayingthat,shehadtearsinhereyes.,ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwasaskedtomakemyowndecision.Isatinmychairandthoughtaboutmyself,mylifeandwhatkindofpersonIwantedtobecome.IttookmewhatseemedtobeagestomakethebiggestdecisionsofarinmylifeIwantedtobeamanwhomakesadifferenceintheworld.Toachievethat,Ineededtostudyhard.Thepathtomyfuturebecamecleartome.Ididntactrebelliously(叛逆地)anymore.Withpassion(激情)inmyheart,Istudiedhard.Now,Im17andIminoneofthebestschoolsinmycity,inoneofthebestclassesattheschoolandIamoneofthebeststudentsintheclass.Thankstothatdecision,IhavebecomewhatIamtoday.,1Whendidthewritermaketheimportantdecision?_D_AAfterhewas17yearsold.BAfterhewasinoneofthebestclasses.CWhenhewasapupil.DWhenhewasstudyinginJunior3.2Whatwasthewriterlikebeforethedecision?_A_AHisgradesbecamepoor.BHetriedtoohardnottoactasanadult.CHewasoneofthetopstudentsinhisclass.DHedidwhathisteachersandhisparentsaskedhimtodo.3Howdidthewritermakethedecision？_C_AItwaseasyforhimtomakethedecision.BItwashissecondtimetomakethedecision.CHemadethedecisionseriously.DItwashismotherthatmadethedecisionforhim.4Whydidthewritermakethedecision？_B_ABecausehisteachertalkedwithhimpatiently.BBecausehedidntwanttoactrebelliouslyanymore.CBecausehismotheraskedhimtostudyhardasusual.DBecausehisfatheraskedhimtothinkabouthisfuturebyhimself.5WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？_A_AThewritermadethedecisionthatheshouldworkhard.BIttookthewriterseveralyearstomakethedecision.CAfterhearinghismotherswords,thewriterhadtearsinhiseyes.DAttheturningpointofhislife,thewriterwantedtohaveaconversationwithhismother.,C(2014，杭州)1Ivebeenworkingasaprofessionalclownfornearlytwoyears.Beforethat,Iwasanactorfornineyears.Iwasneverfamous,butIwasquitesuccessful!IchangedjobsbecauseIwantedtodomoreinlifethanmakepeoplelaugh.WhatifIcouldhelppeople,too?Asaclown,Itrytoencouragesickchildreninhospitaltolaughandsmile.Whenyoulaugh,yourmindandbodyrelax.Clearly,peoplewholaughmoredonthaveasmanycoldsorotherproblems!Childrenwholaughalotoftengetbetterresultsintheirstudies,too.Itisntaneasyjob.Notallsickchildrengetbetter,andsometimesIcomehomeandcry.ButIalwaysgobacktoworkthenextdaywithmyrednoseon.Idontearnmuchmoneyasaclown,butIfeelveryluckytoworkwithsuchbrave,wonderfulpatients.,2Ibecamealaughteryoga(瑜伽)teachermorethantwoyearsago.Beforethat,Iwasadentist!Myjobwasverydifficult,andIusedtofeelfed_upNowIstillimprovepeopleshealth,buteverythingelseiscompletelydifferent.Everyonehasfuninalaughteryogaclass,includingtheteacher!No,laughterisnt“magic”Itdoesntpreventallillness,keepyouyoung,ormakeyoubeautiful.Butdidyouknowthatisntanexcellentkindofexercise?Youmoveyourwholebodywhenyoulaugh!SometimesIworkedwithfamouspeople.Itstruethatbeingrichcanbestressful!Somefamouspeoplecanbeunpleasantattimes,butItrytochangetheirbadfeelings.Laughterisexcellentforpeoplelikemusicians,artistsandwriters,becauseithelpspeopletobemorecreative.,1Accordingtothepassage,wecanseethatbothwriters_A_.AhavechangedtheirjobsBlikesportsverymuchCfeelunhappyatworkDarelookingforjobs2Thereasonwhythefirstwritertakeupthejobsasaclownisthat_D_.AhehashadadiseasefortwoyearsBheneedsamucheasierjobChewantstobeasuccessfulmanDhewishestohelppeople3Thesecondwritermentionsfamouspeopleinthepassagetoshowthat_B_.AtheyarealwaysrichBtheyhavestresssometimesCtheylikefunnypeopleDtheyaregoodatdoingyoga4Theunderlinedpart“fedup”isclosestinmeaningto_D_.AinterestedBSatisfiedCdisappointedDbored5Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatbothwritersthinkoftheirjobsas_D_.AhappymomentstolearnfromotherpeopleBgreatchancestomakethemselveswellknownCrichexperienceofactingonthestageDgoodwaysofmakingpeoplehappyandhealthy,D(2014，连云港)KatherineCommaleisan11yearoldgirlfromPennsylvania.AttheageoffiveshebeganraisingmoneytobuynetsforchildreninAfricatohelpstopthespreadofmalaria(疟疾)Whenshewasfive,KatherinelearntaboutmalariainAfrica.Shelearntthatevery30secondsachilddiedfromthisdisease.She,alsolearntthatpeoplewouldntgetthatdiseaseiftheyhadenoughbednets.“Iwasreallysadtolearnthatachilddiedeveryhalfaminutebecauseofmalaria.”SaysKatherine,“Iwantedtosendnetsrightaway,sothatswhatIdid.”FiveyearoldKatherinemadepresentationsatchurchesandschools.ShetoldstudentsandothershowimportantbednetswereforAfricans.Afterpeopleheardthepresentations,manyofthemdonatedmoney.KatherinesentthemoneytoNBN.NBNisanorganizationthatsendsbednetstoAfrica.Besides,everyholidayKatherinemakessomethingcalled“netgiftcertificate”withthehelpofherfriendsandbrothers.Oneach10dollarcertificatethereisamessage.ItexplainsthatabednetwouldbesenttoAfrica.Whenmorecertificateorderscome,Katherinegetshelpfromstudentsinherschool.Katherinehashelpedtoraise$200，000forNBN.“ItmakesmeproudtohelpAfricanchildren.IwontstopworkinguntileveryoneinAfricahasabednet.”saysKatherine.,1WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？_B_AWhenKatherinewassix,shebeganhelpingchildreninAfrica.BKatherinelearntthattwochildrendiedfrommalariaoneminute.CKatherinedidalotandhelpedtoraise$20，000forNBN.DKatherinesparentshelpedhermake“bednetgiftcertificate”2InParagraph4，“It”refersto“_D_”Aa10dollarnoteBagiftcertificateCanorganizationDamessage3FromthepassageweknowKatherinedidthefollowingEXCEPT_D_.AraisingagreatdealofmoneyforNBNBgivingpresentationsatchurchesandschoolsCexplainingtheimportanceofnetsforAfricansDorderingpeopletolearntousethenetswell4Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_A_.AKatherinesworkisveryhelpfulandmeaningfulBthespreadofmalariainAfricawillbemoreseriousCeverychildinAfricagetsanetwithKatherineshelpDKatherinehasreceivedmuchmoneyfromNBN,二、说明篇A(2014，丹东)Bookstoresaresecondhomesforreaders.Althoughmanypeoplecannowbuybooksonline,manyreadersstilllikethefeelinginbookstores.Theycantouchthebooksandsmelltheprint.InChina,therearemanyspecialbookstores.SanlianTaofenBookstorebecamethefirst24hourbookstoreinBeijingatthebeginningofApril.PopularHoldingsinShanghaiisafilmthemedbookstore.Ithasfilmbooksandposters.EsliteBookstoreinTaiwanoftenhasactivitiesliketalkswithfamouswriters.Atthesametime,bookstoresoutsideChinacanbeverycolorful,too.ScarthinBooksisasmallbookstoreintheUK.Itsellsnewandsecondhandbooks.Therearemorethan100，000bookslyingontheshelvesofthestores12rooms.BartsBooksintheUSisagoodplacetoenjoythesunshinewhilereadingbooks.Itsanoutdoorbookstore.Bookshelvesareonthestreet.Whenthestoreisclosed,peoplecanstillbuybooks.Theyjustputmoneyintothedoorscoinbox.Wherecanyoufindacaf，barandbookstoreinjustoneplace?TheanswerisprobablyElPenduloinMexico.Booksline(排列成行)thewallsofthestore.Onthesecondfloor,visitorscanordereverydaymealsinthecafanddrinksfromthebar.Inordertokeepcool,therearegreenplantsandtreesinside.Doesitlooklikeapark?,1_B_specialbookstoresinsideChinaarementioned(提到)inthepassage.A2B3C5D62ScarthinBooksis_D_.Aa24hourbookstoreBanoutdoorbookstoreCintheUSDsmall3Peoplecanstillbuybooksat_A_whenitsclosed.ABartsBooksBPopularHoldingsCEsliteBookstoreDElPendulo4Readerscan_B_atElPendulo.AtalkwithfamouswritersBordermealsCenjoythesunshineDbuyfilmposters5Thereare_C_insideElPenduloinordertokeepcool.A12roomsBbookshelvesCgreenplantsandtreesDcoinboxes,B(2014，重庆)Whyareyourstudyhabitsdifferentfromthoseofyourfriends?Whydoyouseemtolearnfasterinsomeclasseswhilemoreslowlyinothers?Onereasonyoumaynotknowisthatpeoplehavedifferentlearningtypes.Scientistssaytherearethreedifferentlearningtypes：Visual(视觉型),Auditory(听觉型)andKinesthetic(动觉型)Visuallearnerslearnbestbyseeing.Ifyouseemtoeasilyrememberinformationfrompictures,graphs(图表)andvideos,youareprobablyavisuallearner.Yourenotgoodatcopyingdownwhattheteachersaysinclass.Nevermind.Youcandrawgraphsorpicturesinstead,ifyoufindthatworksbetterforyou.Auditorylearnerslearnbestbyhearing.Ifyouseemtoeasilyrememberthingsbyhearingthem,thenyouareprobablyanauditorylearner.Youmustlistencarefullywhiletheteacherisspeakingbecauseitstheeasiestwayforyoutolearn.Sometimesyoumayfindthattakingnotesstopsyoufromlisteningcarefully.Afterclass,youcanwritedownwhatyourememberorborrowyourfriendsnotestocopy.Kinestheticlearnerslearnbestbydoing.Ifyouseemtolearnbestbyworkingwithyourhands,youareprobablyakinestheticlearner.Takingnotesbywritingcanmakeyoupaycloseattentiontoinformationasyoureceiveit.Ofcourse,youcanlearnbestbymakingfulluseoflabsorotherclassactivities.Hopeyoulearnbetterbyknowingwhatyourpersonallearningtypeis.,1Thereare_B_differentlearningtypesaccordingtothepassage.AtwoBthreeCfourDfive2Judecanrememberthewordsofthesongquicklybylisteningtoitonceortwice.Shemightbea/an_A_accordingtothepassage.AauditorylearnerBvisuallearnerCstrangelearnerDusuallearner3Kinestheticlearnerslearnbestby_D_.ArememberinginformationfromvideosBlisteningtoteachersinclassCdrawinggraphsorpicturesDdoingthingswiththeirhands4Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe“_C_”AStudyHabitsBWaystoStudyCLearningTypesDReasonstoLearn,C(2014，连云港)ArecentlystudyfoundpeopleslivesaremadeshorterinNorthChina.Itisshowedthelifeexpectancy(平均寿命)hadbeencutdownby5.5yearsthere.ResearchersthinkthattheheavyairpollutioninChinashouldbetoblame(承担责任)Itsreallythetruth.Ourgovernmenthasalreadydonesomething.However,itdoesntseemtoworksowell.“AirpollutioninChinaisdoingharmtopeopleshealth.Theharmismuchmoreseriousthanwecanimagine，”saidChenYuyuofBeijingUniversity,oneofresearchersofthisstudy.DirtyairbringsseriousproblemsinNorthChina.InJanuarythisyear,theairpollutionwasworsethanthatinotherplaces.Thatwascausedbyrisingtemperatureandwastegasfromcoalheating.Chinesegovernmentshouldstronglyfightagainstairpollution.Theyshouldthinkofmoreproperwaystodealwiththeproblem.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtotakebuses,ridebicyclesorwalk,insteadofdrivingcars.Thefactoriesthatpolluteheavilyshouldbeclosed.“Weneedtoimproveourenvironment,althoughitmightbeexpensive.Protectingourenvironmentmeansprotectingourselves，”LiHongbin,anotherresearcherofthestudysaid.,1Thepassageabovemaycomefroma(n)_C_.AstoryBadvertisementCreportDdiary2WhichofthefollowingisLiHongbinsidea？_C_AThelifeexpectancyhadbeencutby5.5years.BChinesegovernmentshouldclosesomefactoriesthatpolluteheavily.CPeopleneedtomakepollutionless,althoughitmightcostalot.DTheairproblembringsusseriousproblems.3Whatsthemainideaofthepassage？_B_AAirpollutioninNorthChinaiscausedbywastegas.BTosavetheenvironment,ourgovernmentshoulddosomethingmore.CThetemperaturebecomeshigherandhigherinNorthChina.DHowairpollutioninNorthChinaiscaused.,D(2014，随州)InBritainyoureallowedtodriveacarwhenyoureseventeen.Youhavetogetaspecialtwoyeardrivinglicensebeforeyoustart.Whenyourelearning，someonewithfulllicensealwayshastobeinthecarwithyou.Youdonthavetogotoadrivingschoolafriendcanteachyou.Thepersonwithyouisntallowedtotakemoneyforthelessonunlesshesgotateacherslicense.Beforeyoureallowedtohaveafulllicense.youhavetotakeadrivingtest.Youcantakeatestinyourowncar，butithastobefitfortheroad.Inthetest，youhavetodriveroundforhalfanhourandthenanswerafewquestions.Ifyoudontpassthetest，youreallowedtotakeitagainafewweekslaterifyouwantto.In1970，awomanpassedherfortiethtestafter212drivinglessons!Whenyouvepassedyourtest，youdonthavetotakeitagain，andyoureallowedtogoondrivingaslongasyoulike，ifyourehealthy.Britainsoldestdriverwasamanwhodrovein1974attheageof100.Before1904，everyonewasallowedtodrive，evenchildren.Thenfrom1904cardrivershadtohavealicense.Buttheydidnthadtotakeatestuntil1935.Intheearlydaysofcardriving，before1978，carswerentallowedtogofasterthanfourmilesanhour，andsomeonehadtoleadthecarwitharedflag.,1WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforayoungmanwhowantstodriveacaralone？_B_AHehastopassadrivingtesttogetafulllicense.BHehastolearntodriveinadrivingschool.CHehastogetaspecialtwoyeardrivinglicense.DHehastoreachtheageof17.2Apersoncanttakemoneyfordrivinglessonsunlesshe_A_.AhasafulllicenseandateacherslicenseBhasadrivingschoolCisgoodatdrivingDhaslearnedtodriveinadrivingschool3.Inthedrivingtest，one_C_.AmustdrivehisowncarBhastodosometestpapersCisusuallyaskedtodriveonroadsforhalfanhourDshouldhave212drivinglessons4Thecardriversbegantotakeadrivingtestin_C_.A1878B1904C1935D1970,三、议论篇A(2014，河南)Oncetherewasamantravelinginafarawayvillage.Ashewaspassingtheelephants,hesuddenlystopped.Hefoundthatthesehugeelephantswerebeingheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontleg.Nochains(锁链),nocages.Itwasclearthattheelephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirropesbutforsomereason,theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheseanimalsjuststoodthereanddidnttrytogetaway.“Well，”thetrainersaid,“whentheyareveryyoungandmuchsmallerweusethesamesizeropetotiethemand,atthatage,itsenoughtoholdthem.Astheygrowup,theystillbelievetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropecanholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree.”Howcoulditbe?Theseanimalscouldatanytimebreakfreefromtheirropes.Butbecausetheyalwaysstuckrightwheretheywere,theybelievedtheycouldnt.Justliketheelephants,howmanyofusgothroughlifebelievingthatwecannotdosomething,justbecausewefailedatitoncebefore?.Weshouldnevergiveupthestruggle(挣扎)inlife.,1.Whatdidthewriterseeinthevillage？_B_AChainsBElephantsCCagesDFarmers2Whydotheelephantsnevertryuptobreakfreefromtheropes？_A_ABecausetheythinktheycannot.BBecausetheyaretoooldtodoit.CBecausetheyliketheirlivingplaces.DBecausetheygetonwellwiththetrainer.3Howdidthemanfeelafterheheardwhatthetrainersaid？_B_AMoved.BSurprised.CAngry.DNervous.4Whichofthefollowingisthemissingpartinthelastparagraph？_A_AFailingispartoflearning.BWeshouldbedifferentfromothers.CHelpinganimalsishelpingourselves.DTravelingalwaysmakespeoplerelaxed.5Whatisthebesttitleforthistest？_D_APleasanttripBACruelTrainerCElephantTrainingDTheElephantRope,B(2014，滨州)Sincelastyear,WhereAreWeGoing，Dad?hasbecomethemostpopularTVshows.Ontheshow，thefivefathersandtheirchildrentraveledaroundChina.Ridingcamelsthroughthewesterndeserts，fishingontheeastcoast，andsellingvegetablesfortheirbusfare(费用)homeinsouthwesternYunnanprovince.Onedaddoesntknowhowtodohisdaughtershair，sosomepeopletrytohelphim.Anotheronemustsurvive(生存)withhissonforthreedaysinthedesert.Becausethefathercantcook，theyonlyeatinstantnoodles(方便面)WhyisWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?sopopular？BecauseitisabouthowChineseparentslookaftertheirkids.Theshowmakesmodernparentsthinkaboutwhattheyshoulddowiththeirkids.“IntraditionalChineseculture，thefatherisstrictandthemotheriskind.Butontheshow，weseefatherswhoaremuchgentleontheirkidsandmoreinvolved(参与)intheirupbringing(成长)”saidLiMinyi,aprofessorofearlychildhoodeducation.Inthepast,childrenweretaughttheirparentswishesan