初中语法提高练习题集.doc

语法结构（一）名词&限定词1. There have been many _ in their marriage but they still love each other. A. right and wrong B. back and forth C. ups and downs D. right and left解析：正确答案为C。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，选项中只有C符合，“ups and downs”为固定词组，意为“起落、沉浮、盛衰”。2. The officials in the _ at London airport were very polite. A. Custom B. Customs C. custom D. customs解析：正确答案为B。“the Customs”特指“海关”。3. His words are _ but the meaning is deep. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little解析：正确答案为A。“words”为可数名词复数，只能用few/a few修饰，little/a little修饰的是不可数名词；而few表示否定，强调“很少、少到几乎没有”，a few则表示肯定，“有几个、少数”。4. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycles shop C. bicycle shop D. bicycles shop解析：正确答案为C。名词有时候可以直接作定语修饰另一个名词，“自行车店”直接翻译为bicycle shop即可。5. Would you like some more coffee? Theres still _ left. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few解析：正确答案为A。后半句的意思为“还有一点咖啡剩”，可排除表示否定的little和few；再从Theres可判断后面主语为单数名词或不可数名词，假如用a few，肯定是Therere，因此应该是a little。6. The salary of a taxi driver is much higher than _ salary. A. the teachers B. the teacher C. of the teacher D. teacher解析：正确答案为A。本题考查名词所有格的表达法，the teacher是有生命的，所以必须用s属格而用of。7. For tonights homework, do passage 40 and 41 in the workbook. I think that is _ work. A. too much B. much the more C. too hard D. hardest解析：正确答案为A。too much修饰不可数名词，表示“太多”。（二）代词1. The bicycle you saw isnt _ . It belongs to _. A. me, you B. mine, hers c. hers, his D. his, her解析：正确答案为D。第一个空格应为名词性物主代词，可排除A；belong to后面应跟人称代词宾格，故选D。2. _ is your girlfriend like? She is very kind and good-looking. A. How B. What C. Which D. Who解析：从答语中的kind和good-looking可判断问句问的是“你女朋友是什么样的人”，故用疑问代词what提问。（三）形容词&副词1. One of his great inventions was _ valued at the world Scientific Conference. A. high B. great C. highest D. highly解析：正确答案为D。空格处为谓语的修饰语，应为副词，且这里应理解为抽象意义的“高度地”，故用highly而不是high。 2. Its _ that he was wrong.A. clearly B. clarity C. clear D. clearing解析：正确答案为C。该句为含有主语从句“that he was wrong”的复合句，空格处放在be动词之后，应为形容词，故选C。3. Nancy is considered to be _ the other students in her class.A. less intelligent B. the most intelligent C. intelligent as well D. as intelligent as解析：正确答案为D。该题考查形容词的比较结构，前后有Nancy和the other students两个对象，不可能是最高级，排除B；假如用比较级A选项的话，必须有连词than，故A也可排除；只能用D，“as + adj.原级+ as”为原级的比较结构。4. The top of the Great Wall is _ for 5 horses to get side by side. A. wide B. so wide C. wide enough D. enough wide解析：正确答案为C。enough修饰形容词或副词时必须放在它们的后面，故选C。（四）介词1. Its possible to tell the time in day light _ looking into a cats eyes. A. with B. for C. by D. from解析：正确答案为C。后面跟V-ing作方式状语的介词为by。2. Last night he studied English _ midnight. A. for b. by C. to D. until解析：正确答案为D。句意为“他昨晚学英语学到半夜”，故用until（到为止）。3. It was a great pleasure _ me to be invited to the party.A. for B. on C. to D. of解析：正确答案为A。该句中It为形式主语/先行主语，真正主语为不定式to be invited to the party，前面加上for me构成不定式的复合结构，引出不定式的逻辑主语。一、情态动词1. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may解析：正确答案为A。句意为“如果你只是看完这篇文章的一部分，你怎么能够说你真正明白了整个故事呢？”，可见空格处应使用表示“能力”的情态动词，故选A。2. Write to me when you get home. I _. A. must B. should C. will D. can解析：正确答案为C。根据上下文，这里用will不仅表示“将会”，也表示一种意愿。二、时态与被动语态1.She _ 100 pages of the book today. A. has already read B. already reads C. already read D. was already read 解析：正确答案为A。already常与现在完成时连用，放在have和过去分词的中间或放在句末，表示“已经做了某事”。2.If the phone rings again, I _ it. A. ignore B. will ignore C. will have ignored D. will be ignoring解析：正确答案为B。该题考查一般将来时与真实条件句连用的句型。3.Because he _ his work well, he was fired.A. had not been done B. had not be doing C. had not been doing D. has not done解析：正确答案为C。“他被解雇”发生在“他一直没有做好工作”之后，因而原因从句用过去完成进行时表示该动作发生于主句was fired之前。4.James Watt _ the steam engine.A. was inventing B. invented c. had invented D. has invented解析：正确答案为B。“Janmes Watt发明蒸汽机”显然是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。5.A long time ago, I _ in London for three years.A. had lived B. have lived C. lived D. have been living解析：正确答案为C。“时间段+ago”结构常与一般过去时连用，表示“多久前发生的过去经历”。6 At that time, she _ on a journey with her friend. A. Is B. was c. has been D. were解析：正确答案为B。at that time是信息词，表示明确的过去时间，故用一般过去时。7. I fell and hurt myself while I _ basketball yesterday. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played 解析：正确答案为A。本题考查一般过去时与过去进行时连用的句型，句意为“昨天我在打篮球的时候跌倒并伤到了自己”，“打篮球”为持续进行的动作，用过去进行时，而“跌倒、伤到自己”为瞬间、短暂动作，发生在“打篮球”过程中，用一般过去时。8. He _ to me last week.A. is writing B. writes C. wrote D. is written解析：正确答案为C。last week是信息词，表示明确的过去时间，故用一般过去时。三、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词&分词）1.Fred wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 解析：正确答案为A。本题考查不定式充当宾补时的否定式，“tell sb. to do sth.”的否定结构为“tell sb. not to do sth.”，而承接上句可省略do sth.。2.Samuel Clemens, _ as Mark Twain, was one of the most famous American writers. A. to know B. to be known C. known D. knowing解析：正确答案为C。本题考查过去分词结构用作后置定语，known as Mark Twain相当于定语从句who is known as Mark Twain。3.There are ten waiting rooms at the stations , _ in all 5.000 people. A. sat B. sitting c. seated D. seating解析：正确答案为D。本题考查现在分词结构用作后置定语，seating in all 5,000 people相当于定语从句which seat in all 5,000 people。“seat sb.”表示“为某人提供座位”。4.Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom.A. read B. reads C. being read D. to read解析：正确答案为D。本题考查不定式充当主语补足语的用法，see sb. do sth.用于主动语态中，变成被动语态则要加上to，即变成be seen to do sth.。5._ from heart trouble for years, Professor White had to take some medicine with him where he goes.A. suffered B. suffering C. having suffered D. being suffered 解析：正确答案为C。本题考查现在分词完成体的用法，表示分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所描述的动作之前。6. It is not easy _ the answer to this problem. A. to figure out B. figuring out C. figure out D. being figured out解析：正确答案为A。本题考查不定式充当主语的用法。不定式用于句型“It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.”中充当句子的真正主语，常用于该句型的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, impossible, essential, crucial等。7. Dont forget _ the window before leaving the room.A. to have closed B. to close C. having closed D. closing解析：正确答案为B。forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”，动作尚未发生，而forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”，动作已发生。8. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to _ . A. the driving a car B. driving a car C. when you drive a car D. when driving a car 解析：正确答案为B。本题考查动名词结构充当介词的宾语，在短语be similar to中，to为介词，故后面需跟动名词，跟主语riding a bicycle构成平行结构。9. The traveler _ inexperienced, doesnt know how to plan a trip. A. to be B. being C. is as being解析：正确答案为B。本题考查现在分词结构充当原因状语的用法，being inexperienced等于because he/she is inexperienced。10. _ with you, I have a long way to go. A. Compared B. comparing C. to compare D. compare解析：正确答案为A。本题考查过去分词结构充当状语的用法，主句主语I不是compared这一动作的发出者而是该动作的承受者，故用过去分词。四、虚拟语气1. John speaks German as if he _ a German. A.Is B. was c. has been D. were解析：正确答案为D。as if引导的方式状语从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时要用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中，be动词一般只能用were。2. I didnt go to the cinema the day before yesterday, but I do wish _ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be解析：正确答案为C。wish后跟宾语从句表示过去没有实现的愿望时，从句必须用过去完成时表示虚拟语气。3. The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a week. A. has B. had C. have D. would have解析：正确答案为C。表示建议、命令、要求等的动词后跟宾语从句时常用“(should)动词原形”结构表示虚拟语气。4. It is desirable that the airplane _ as light as possible.A. is B. were C. be D. had been解析：正确答案为C。“It is/was + adj.+主语从句”表示建议、惊奇等时，从句也常用“(should)动词原形”结构表示虚拟。5. He talks as if he _ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known解析：正确答案为B。as if引导的方式状语从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时要用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。五、从句（一）定语从句1. The painter lived more than a decade in Europe _ he could be in close contact with other masters. A. where B. in which C. that D. in that解析：正确答案为A。本题考查限制性定语从句引导词的用法。Europe表示地点，在从句中充当地点状语，故用where。2. It was raining, _ was a pity. A. what B. that C. the D. which解析：正确答案为D。本题考查非限制性定语从句引导词的用法，用于指代整个主句内容的关系代词只能用which。3. It is said that the best time to visit the city is June or July _ the South America cools the city. A. where B. which C. on which D. when解析：正确答案为D。本题考查限制性定语从句引导词的用法。June or July表示时间，在从句中充当时间状语，故用when。（二）状语从句1. No sooner had she entered the house _ her mobile phone rang. A.When B. than C. as D. while解析：正确答案为B。本题考查由关联从属连词“No sooner than”所引出的含有时间状语从句的复合句，表示“一就”。 2. We had hardly got into the country _ it began to rain. A. when B. before C. than D. after解析：正确答案为A。本题考查由关联从属连词“hardly when”所引出的含有时间状语从句的复合句，表示“一就”。3. _ you disagree with her, her plan is still worth considering. A. Even if B. If only C. However D. Unless 解析：正确答案为A。本题考查由Even if（即使）所引导的让步状语从句。4. Yesterday was _ day that we decided to go swimming. A. such beautiful B. so beautiful C. such a beautiful D. a so beautiful 解析：正确答案为C。本题考查“such +a/an + adj. +单数n. + that结果状语从句”，该结构也可等于“so + adj. + a/an + 单数n.+ that结果状语从句”。（三）名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句&同位语从句）He didnt live up to _ had been expected of him.A. what B. whichC. that D. all解析：正确答案为A。本题考查名词性从句（宾语从句）的引导词，该引导词在从句中指物（expect sth. of sb.）、且充当从句的主语，故只能用what。六、反意疑问句Your brother told me that you overslept this morning, _? A. didnt he B. didnt you D. did he D. did you解析：正确答案为B。本题考查复合句的反意疑问句，复合句的附加问句需与句子的重心一致，该句的重心在从句，故根据从句构成附加问句。七、倒装句Not always _ they want most.A. people can get what B. people cannot get what C. can people get what D. cant people get what解析：正确答案为C。本题考查部分倒装结构，含有否定意义的词提前到句首时，引起部分倒装，即谓语中的助动词提前到主语前面。八、强调句1. It was six oclock in the afternoom _ they arrived at the hotel.A. since B. before C. when D. that解析：正确答案为D。本题考查强调句型“It is / was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、表语或状语） + that（强调部分指人时也可用who）”，该题被强调部分为时间状语，故只能用that。2. It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village . A. which B. why C. that D. how解析：正确答案为C。本题考查强调句型“It is / was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、表语或状语） + that（强调部分指人时也可用who）”，该题被强调部分为原因状语，故只能用that。九、主谓一致1. A pair of spectacles _ what I need at the moment. A. is B. are C. has D. have解析：正确答案为A。由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses/spectacles(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带单位词a pair of（一把、一副、一条等）而单独使用，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 2. Measles _ a long time to get over. A. spend B. spends C. take D. takes解析：正确答案为D。一些表示疾病的名词常以-s结尾，但并非表示复数的概念，充当主语时谓语动词往往要使用单数形式，可排除A、C，而spend的主语往往是人，常用于“Sb. spends time/money on sth.”或“Sb. spends time/money (in) doing sth.”。故选D。3. Modern machinery _ been installed in this newly built factory.A. has B. have c. is D. are解析：正确答案为A。集体名词machinery通常视为不可数名词，故后面动词使用单数形式，可排除B、D，而只有has才能与been installed构成现在完成时的被动语态，用is则讲不通。4. Do you want to wait? Five days _ too long for me to wait.A. was B. were C. is D. are解析：正确答案为C。表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的数词词组视为整体、作为单一的概念理解时，谓语动词用单数形式。5. There _ a book and some magazines on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has解析：正确答案为A。There be句型中出现两个以上的并列主语时，be动词的单复数根据就近原则而定，即be动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致。6. Maths _ the study or science of numbers. A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：正确答案为A。表示学科名称的名词常以-ics结尾，但它们往往作单数用，maths = mathematics，故后面动词也必须用单数形式。十、固定搭配与句型1.Fish cannot live _ water. A. with B. without C. in D. on解析：正确答案为B。本题考查双重否定结构“cannot do (sth.) without sth.”（“没有就不能做”）。2.That man looks familiar to me. He reminds _ Dr. Richards.A. me to B. me C. me for D. me of解析：正确答案为D。本题考查remind的固定用法“remind sb. of sth.”（“使某人想起”，“提醒某人”）。3.We should keep in touch _ each other, including _ each other. A. on, write B. in, to write C. with, writing D. at, wrote解析：正确答案为C。本题考查固定短语keep in touch with sb.（与某人保持联系），而including后面要跟名词性结构。4.I have _ finished the book. A. more or less B. much or less C. more or few D. many or less解析：正确答案为A。本题考查固定短语more or less（或多或少，差不多）。5.Tom is so sensitive talkative. Im sure youll soon get tired _ him. A. of B. with c. at D. on解析：正确答案为A。本题考查固定短语get/be tired of（对感到厌烦）。6.The ideas sound very good, but will it work in _ ? A. practice B. place C. theory D. public解析：正确答案为A。本题考查固定短语in practice（在实践中，实际上）。7.We came finally _ the conclusion that shes been telling lies all the time. A. of B. into C. to D. at解析：正确答案为C。本题考查固定短语come to a/the conclusion（得出结论）。8.We go to the cinema _ a week. A. often B. once C. seldom D. usually解析：正确答案为B。本题考查频度的表达法：倍数+a+时间名词。once a week表示“一周一次”。9.She agreed _ me on this matter. A. over B. on C. to D. with解析：正确答案为D。本题考查固定短语agree with sb.（赞同某人的看法）。10. Id like to take _ of this opportunity to thank all of you for your cooperation. A. profit B. benefit C. occasion D. advantage解析：正确答案为D。本题考查固定短语take advantage of（利用）。11. The public store is to close at 9:00 p.m. _ no need to worry, it is just 7:30 p.m. A. You have B. They have C. It is D. There is 解析：正确答案为D。本题考查句型“There is no need to do sth.”（没有必要做某事）。12.He didnt know _ or go home. A. to wait B. if that he should wait C. if to wait D. whether to wait 解析：正确答案为D。本题考查whether与or搭配使用的结构。13. They sent the letter to me _ mistake. A. by B. for C. on D. with解析：正确答案为A。本题考查固定短语by mistake（错误地）。14. We felt very proud _ the work.A. about B. in C. of D. at解析：正确答案为C。本题考查固定短语feel/be proud of（为感到自豪）。15. She is not only my classmate, _ also my good friend. A. or B. but C. and D. too解析：正确答案为B。本题考查not only与but