人教版英语八年级下册重点词组、句型及语法点汇总.doc

_Unit 1 Whats the matter? 怎么了？一、重点词组 1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /受凉；感冒2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. take risks (take a risk) 冒险7. in a difficult situation 在困境中8. give up 放弃9. make a decision 做出决定10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take ones temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one s surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意料28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或烦恼）32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开；从出来35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完；耗尽46. so that 以便47. so that 如此以至于48. be in control of 掌管；管理49. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事二、重点句型1. What s the matter? 怎么了？What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？Should I take my temperature? 我该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldnt + 动词原形 You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说男人有心脏病，应该去医院。三、语法点一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened (to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK?你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds双胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with ones+身体部位There is something wrong with my right eye我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble她有心脏病。He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger她割破手指了。二 情态动词should的用法1Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldnt watch TV.你不应该看电视。2Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall I/we do sth ?我我们做好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？Lets do sth让我们做吧。Lets go home咱们回家吧。Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。Youd better not go there alone你最好不要独自去那儿。Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.我将帮忙打扫城市公园。一、重点词组 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日2. an old peoples home 养老院3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难4. used to 曾经；过去5. care for 关心；照顾6. the look of joy 快乐的表情7. at the age of 在岁时8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来10. give out 分发；散发11. come up with 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计划13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out 试用；试行15. work for 为工作；为效力16. put up 建造；举起；张贴17. hand out 分发；散发；发给18. call up 打电话；召集19. put off 推迟；延迟20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 筹钱；募捐22. take after 与相像；像23. give away 赠送；捐赠24. fix up 修理；修补；解决25. be similar to 与相似26. set up 建立；设立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响；有作用29. be able to 能够30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目二、重点句型1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每星期六上午，他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after- school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。5. you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book. 从他们的眼睛里，你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。三、语法点动词不定式A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。C. 作（后置）定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 你能清理一下你的房间吗？一、重点词组 1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚3. go to the movies 去看电影4. get a ride 搭车5. work on 从事6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事7. clean and tidy 干净整洁8. do the dishes 洗餐具9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服11. sweep the floor 扫地12. make your/the bed 整理床铺13. clean the living room 打扫客厅14. no problem 没问题15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人16. come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家17. throw down 扔下18. sit down 坐下19. come over 过来20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步21. all the time 频繁；反复22. all day / evening 整日 /夜23. do housework 做家务24. shout back 大声回应25. walk away 走开26. share the housework 分担家务27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家28. in surprise 惊讶地29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西30. watch one show 观看一个节目31. hang out 闲逛32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事36. do chores 做杂务37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth. 帮助某人干某事38. bring a tent 带顶帐篷来39. buy some snacks 买些小吃40. go to the store去商店41. invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事43. enough stress 足够的压力44. a waste of time浪费时间45. in order to为了46. get good grades 取得好成绩47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事48. depend on 依赖；依靠49. develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立性50. look after/take care of 照顾；照看51. do one s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分内的事二、重点句型1. Could you please do sth. ? 你能做某事吗？Could you please clean your room? 你能清理一下你的房间吗？2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。3. Could I+ do sth. ? 我能做某事吗？Could I use your computer?我能用一下你的电脑吗？4. She wont be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。7. hate + (to do/ doing) sth. 讨厌做某事I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。三、语法点Could you please.?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you.please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I.?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？（2）对could you/I.?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please dont”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。（3）表示请求的句式：Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Lets do. Shall I/we do.?Please do.(祈使句前加please)提示：could you please.与could I Please.两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和父母聊聊呢？一、重点词组 1. have free time有空闲时间2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛4. after-school classes 课外活动课5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架6. until midnight 直到半夜7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈8. too many太多9. study too much 学得过多10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信12. call sb. up 打电话给某人13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶14. look through 浏览；翻看15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气16. a big deal 重要的事17. work out 成功地发展；解决18. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好19. fight a lot经常吵架/ 打架20. hang over 笼罩21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事23. cut out删除24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事25. communicate with sb. 与某人交流26. in future 今后27. make sb. Angry 使某人生气28. worry about sth. 担心某事29. copy ones homework 抄袭某人的作业30. be oneself 做自己31. family members 家庭成员32. spend time alone独自消磨时光33. give sb. pressure 给某人施压34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争36. free time activities业余活动37. get better grades 取得更好的成绩38. give one s opinion 提出某人的观点39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧40. practice sports 体育训练41. cause stress 造成压力二、重点句型1. I studied until mid night last night so I didnt get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。2. Why dont you forge t about it? 你为何不忘掉它呢？3. Although shes wrong , its not a big deal. 虽然她错了，但这并不是什么大事儿。4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以便能说声对不起。5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。6. I guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him. 我想我可以，但我不想让他感到惊讶。三、语法点1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“怎么样？”Youd better (not) do something.“你最好（不）做某事”Would you like sth ?:“你想要某物Lets do sth?What should I do ? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)2.学会谈论问题和学会用why dont you提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Why dont you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、征询对方意见 until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Dont get off until the bus stops.2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?当暴风雨来临时，你在做什么？一、重点词组 1. make sure 确信；确认2. beat against 拍打 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失5. wake up 醒来6. in a mess 一团糟7. break apart 使分离8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候9. at the time of 当时候10. go off (闹钟)发出响声11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡12. miss the bus 错过公交车13. pick up 接电话14. bring together 使靠拢15. in the area 在这个地区16. miss the event 错过这个事件17. by the side of the road 在路边18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线19. walk by 走路经过20. make ones way to 在某人去的路上21. hear the news 听到这个消息22. important events in history 历史上的重大事件23. for example 例如24. be killed 被杀害25. over fifty 50多(岁）26. a school pupil 一个小学生27. on the radio 通过广播28. in silence 沉默；无声29. more recently 最近地；新近30. the World Trade Center 世贸中心31. take down 拆除；摧毁32. have meaning to 对有意义33. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事34. at first 首先；最初二、重点句型1. What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8 点你在干什么？ I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？ While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。三、语法点过去进行时1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing3. 句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.否定式:I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑问式和简略回答:Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：1) was not常缩略为wasnt; were not常缩略为werent。2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)4.过去进行时中的when和whilewhen, while 区别：1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 一位老人设法移山。一、重点词组 1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事2. as soon as 一就3. once upon a time 从前4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事5. make sth. happen 使某事发生6. try to do sth. 试图做某事7. the journey to sp. 之旅8. tell the/a story 讲故事9. put on 穿上10. a little b it 有点儿11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事12. be born 出生13. instead of 代替；反而14. turn into 变成15. get married 结婚16. the main character 主要人物；主人公17. at other times 在另外一些时候18. be able to 能；会19. come out (书、电影等)出版20. become interested in 对感兴趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事26. go to sleep 去睡觉27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地28. get lost 迷路29. change ones plan 改变计划30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事31. in the moonlight 在月光下32. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地二、重点句型1. What do you think about/of? 你觉得怎么样？So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2. It doesnt seem + adj. to do sth. 做某事似乎It doesnt seem very possible to move -a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3. This is because 这时因为This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4. so that +从句 如此以致于Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。5. It take sb. some time to do sth.做某事花某人多久时间Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6. not util十从句 直到才Don t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。三、语法点1. unless引导条件状语从句unless = if not 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so.that引导结果状语从句句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen.Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?世界最高的山峰是哪一座？一、重点词组 1. as big as 与一样大2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事4. as far as I know 据我所知5. man-made objects 人造物体6. part of 的组成部分7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中11. run along 跨越12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气13. take in air 呼吸空气14. take in 吸入；吞入（体内）15. in the face of difficulties 面对困难16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事17. achieve one s dream 实现某人的梦想18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到达顶峰20. even though 虽然；尽管21. at birth 出生时22. be awake 醒着23. run over w ith excitement 兴奋地跑过去24. walk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒26. the first person to do sth. 第一个做某事的人27. every two years 每两年28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木29. endangered animals 濒危动物30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少31. be in danger 处于危险之中32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性二、重点句型1. It is -adj. + (fo r sb. ) to do sth. 做某事It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。2. is because 是因为One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想在面临困难时挑战自己。3. show(s) that 显示出The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。4. How high/ deep/ is . ? 多高/ 深？How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗玛峰有多高？5. Although. , 虽然，但是Although Japan is older than Canada, it is much smaller. 虽然日本比加拿大历史更悠久，但它比加拿大小多了。6. sb. spend time/money doing sth.某人花时间/钱做Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花12 个多小时的时间吃大约10公斤竹子。三、语法点形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级句型：1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样eg: He is as tall as me.2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如Beg:He is not as tall as me.3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。（二）比较级句型可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿 even甚至，still仍然Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤