Agreement主谓一致.ppt

Agreement,学习主谓一致所应注意的原则,英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。,一、并列结构做主语时的主谓一致,A young man and a girl want to go there. The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.,由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。,但如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。,The singer and writer is famous to everyone. A pen and book is what I need. A needle(针）and thread(线）was found on the floor.,2.当eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many aand many a.等结构做，谓语动词用单数形式。, No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没有发现人和动物。 Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。,3. 一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓动应用复数。,Ancient(古代）and modern history are the subjects we are studying.,但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应用单数。,The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.,4. 由not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor,or等连接的并列主语，谓动通常依据就近原则。,Either you or I am mad. Neither I or you have passed the exam.,5.当主语由 as well as, along with, together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, in addition to, like, including 等词连接时，其谓动的单复数形式通常由这些词语前的名词来决定。, An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. The professor, together with many of his students, is entering the meeting hall.,二、百分数、分数做主语时的主谓一致,当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。,三、不定代词做主语时的主谓一致,1.不定代词 each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。, Neither of us has gone through regular training. Nobody wants to go there. Something has been done to end the strike.,2. None 做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在表不可数的东西时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,3. both, (a) few, many. several 等做主语时，谓动常用复数。,Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.,4. all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。, All is well that ends well. All are eager to reach an agreement.,四、表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词做主语时的主谓一致,1. 当主语是 most, the rest, the last, the remainder 等时，谓动应依据of后宾语的单复数而定。,Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. After the big fire, the remainder is nothing.,2.当town, school, village等分别表示总称的“镇民”、“全体师生”、“村民”时，谓动用单复数均可。有时其前可用the或the whole修饰。,The whole school were/was sorry when she left. The whole town is/are in agreement about the plan.,五、“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致,“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念，则用单数。,The sick here are very well cared for. The true is to be told from the false.,六、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语时的主谓一致,1.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，谓动常用单数。,2.两数相加、相乘，谓动单复数均可；两数相减、相除，谓动只用单数。,Thirty-six from forty leaves six. Six times seven are/is forty-two.,3.主语是以-ics结尾的学科时，谓动一般用单数；以-s结尾的专有名词做主语，如：the United States, the New Times, Arabian Nights等，谓动要用单数。,4.群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如: the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等做主语时，谓动用复数。,Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.,5.名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用单数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。,七、number, many a.等做主语时的主谓一致,1. the number of做主语时，谓动用单数；a number of做主语时，谓动用复数。,The number of mistakes is surprising. A number of books are missing from the library.,2. Many a, more than one+单数名词构成的短语做主语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓动仍用单数。, Many a comrade has that of opportunity. more than one person is ready to try his luck this time.,八、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致,1.有生命的词，如cattle,police,people等做主语时，谓动常用复数。,The police are investigating the crime.,3. audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, 等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。, The football team is being recognized. The football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.,九、“ one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中的主谓一致,1. 在”one of +复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句中的谓动的复数形式,This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.,2. 在”the only one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句的谓动用单数。,Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is studying the major of International Law in this university.,十、从句、不定式、-ing形式做主语时的主谓一致,1.在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。, What caused the accident is a complete mystery. What his father left him are a few English books.,2.动词不定式、-ing形式做主语，谓动用单数。,To learn English well is difficult.,3.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。,What I say and think are none of your business.,4.以who, why, how, whether或that引导的从句做主语时，谓动用单数。,Why she did this is not known.,由how and why, when and where引导的从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。,When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.,5. and连接的两个名词性从句做主语，如表示两件事情，则谓动用复数。,What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.,历年高考题,90题21 A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 2. 89题27 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 3. 87题15 All but one _ here just now. A. is B.was C. has been D. were,答案,Multiple choice: 1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging (C85) 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept (C85) 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has (C86) 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was (C85) 5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known (C86 ),Multiple choice: 6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were (C87 NO.45) 7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered (C90 NO.20),8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be (C89 NO.27) 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. w