lecture1introduction英国文学简介.ppt

Lecture A Brief Introduction to English Literature,The Origin of English Literature,The English Bible The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe and his followers. In 1611 Authorized Version appeared, made under the auspices of James I and so was sometimes called the King James Bible. About 93 percent of the 6,000 words used in it are the main words of native English The Greek and Roman Mythology,Literature before Shakespeare,The Song of Beowulf (written at the beginning of the 10th century)：National epic of the English people with over 3,000 lines Introduction: Hrothgar, Heorot, Grendel, She-Monster, firedrake, Roman Conquest Effects: the bringing of Roman civilization to England; the growth of nationality; the new language and literature,The Romance,The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He was commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He was devoted to the church and the king. The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry.,Literature before Shakespeare,King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The English Ballads The Robin Hood Ballads Geoffrey Chaucer His works: About French: Romance of the Rose About Italian; Troilus and Cressie About English: the Canterbury Tales,The English Renaissance,started in Italy, painting, sculpture and literature-spread to the rest of Europe Representative humanists Thomas More and his Utopia Francis Bacon(1561-1626) Christopher Marlowe(1564-93) William Shakespeare (1564-1616),The 17th Century (The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution),John Milton Shorter poems: LAllegro, Il Penseroso, Lycidas, Comus Pamphlets: Areopagitica or speech for the liberty of Unlicensed Printing, Eikonoklastes; Defense for the English People On His Deceased Wife (1658) Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained John Bunyan: The Pilgrims Progress,The 18th Century The Enlightenment,The Rise of the English Novel Adventure novels: Defoes “Robinson Crusoe” was one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. T. G. Smollet: The Adventures pf Roderick Random; The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle Samuel Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa; The History of Sir Charles Grandison Jonathan Swift: Gullivers Travels Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield,The 18th Century The Enlightenment,Sentimentalism Laurence Sterne: Tristram Shandy, Sentimental Journey Thomas Gray: Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard O. Goldsmith: The Deserted Village George Grabble: The Village,The 18th Century The Enlightenment,Gothic Novels Horace Walpole: The Castle of Otranto Ann Radcliff: The Mysteries of Udolpho Addison, Steele (The Spectator) and Pope belonged to the school of classicism,The 18th Century The Enlightenment,Drama and Sheridan: A School for Scandal William Black: Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience Robert Burns: Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect,Romanticism in England,Definition a movement in the literature of virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from about 1750 to about 1870, characterized by reliance on the imagination and subjectivity of approach, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature. The term romantic first appeared in 18th-century English and originally meant “romancelike” that is, resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances.,Romanticism in England,Passive Romanists William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan Robert Southey: Joan of Arc, Wat Tyler, The Fall of Robespierce, A Vision of Judgement,Romanticism in England,Active Romanists Byron: Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Don Juan Shelley: Queen Mab, The Revolt of Islam, Prometheis Unbound, The Masque of Anarchy Keats: Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Lamia,Romanticism in England,Prose Charles Lamb: The Essays of Elia William Hazlitt: The Spirit of the Age, The Characters of Shakespeares Plays, Table Talk Henry James Leigh Hunt: Imagination and Fancy, Wit and Humor Thomas De Quincey: The Confessions of an English Opium-Eater Walt Scott: The lay of the Last Minstrel, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, Rob Roy, Ivanhoe,The Victorian Age (Critical Realism),Social Background The Passage of the Poor Law Chartist Movement Critical Realism: the critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.,The Victorian Age (Critical Realism),Charles Dickens: David Coopperfield, Oliver Twist, A tale of two cities The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, The Pickwick Papers Bleak House The Old Curiosity Shop, Little Dorrit, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friend William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair,The Victorian Age (Critical Realism),George Eliot: The Essence of Christianity, Scenes of Clerical life, Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner, Middle March Jane Austen: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Persuasion,The Victorian Age (Critical Realism),Bronte Sisters Charlotte Emily: Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, Professor, Jane Eyre, Shirley, Villette Anne: Agnes Grey, The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall Emily: Wuthering Heights Quotations: No coward soul is mine, no tremble in the worlds storm-troubled sphere; I see Heavens glories shine, and faith shines equalm arming me from fear.,The Victorian Age (Poems),Alfred, Lord Tennyson Quotations: and the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still -Break, Break, Break,The Victorian Age (Poems),Robert Browning Dramatic monologue She had a heart how shall I say? too soon made glad, Too easily impressed; she liked whatever She looked on, and her looks went everywhere - My Last Duchess Gods in the heaven- Alls right with the world! - Pippa Passes,The Victorian Age (Poems),Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of the level of everydays Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight. - Sonnets from the Portuguese,The Victorian Age (Literary Trends),Naturalism Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in France and Germany, in the second half of the 19th century. According to the theory of naturalism, literature must be true to life and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without any selection. Naturalist writers usually write about the lives of the poor and oppressed, or the slum life, but giving all the details of life without discrimination, they can only represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real life. George Gissing-New Grub Street, Charles Dickens: A Critical Study,The Victorian Age (Literary Trends),Neo-Romanticism: it is a literary trend, which lays emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public. Robert Louis Stevenson: Treasure Island, Kidnapped, The Black Arrow, The Master of Ballantrae, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,The Victorian Age (Literary Trends),Aestheticism: Oscar Wilde; fairy stories The Happy Prince and Other Tales, A House of Pomegranates Novel The Picture of Dorian Gray Comedies Lady Windermeres fan, A woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband, The Importance of Being Earnest,20th century literature,Historical and social background Colonial expansion, the British Empire the leading imperialist Labor organizations: the Social-Democratic Federation, the Fabian Society, the Independent Labor Party World War , World War ,20th century literature(Realists),Samuel Butler: Erewhon, Erewhon Revisited George Meredith: The Egois Herbert George Wells: The Time Machine Thomas Hardy: Under the Greenwood Tree, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the DUrbervilles, Jude the Obscure,20th century literature (realists),John Galsworthy: The Island of Pharisees, The Man of Property, In Chancery, The Forsyte Saga Rudyard Kipling: the Wh