《专业英语》青藏铁路.ppt

BUILDING A “GREEN” RAILWAY IN CHINA,在中国建设一条“绿色”铁路,The Qinghai-Tibet Railway (QTR) was built during Chinas Tenth 5-Year Plan(200105) and, in China, is considered a landmark project (1). The QTR, completed in October 2005 and in trial operation since 1July 2006, is the worlds highest-elevation railway and the longest highland railway, extending over 1956 km from Xining . 这条青海与西藏之间的铁路在中国第十个“五年计划”中建设，就是在2001年的5月开始动工，并且，它在中国被看作为是一标志性项目它在 2005年的10月完工并且从2006年的7月1日开始进入试验运作，是世界上海拔最高，高原上最长的铁路，延伸超过1956千米。,青藏铁路沿途车站,唐古拉 唐古拉无人车站,An Environment-Friendly Railway,The railway project has raised serious concerns about its possible environmental consequences because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering more than 360,000 km, is a unique and fragile high-altitude ecosystem . The mean annual temperature of the plateau ranges between 4C and 6C, and the aver-age altitude is 4000 m. The railway planners developed a “green policy” that emphasized protection of soils, vegetation, animals, and water resources .,这项铁路规划已经引起了对它可能造成的环境后果的严重担心，因为青海与西藏之间的高原覆盖了超过36万千米，是一个独特的而且易损坏的高海拔生态系统。 高原的年平均气温介于 - 4 到6之间，平均海拔高度为4000米，因此，中国政府和地方官员在青藏铁路施工准备过程中为解决环境问题煞费苦心。铁路规划者规划出一种“绿色政策”，强调土壤、植被、动物、以及水资源的保护。,First soil Locations where earth was removed and construction sites were placed were carefully selected. Vegetation was then removed from these sites and was restored after the work was complete. Where possible, the railway path was directed around sensitive natural zones, and construction work was confined to the smallest possible area surrounding the railway. Planners detoured around wetlands and lakes wherever possible, and when this was not possible, they built bridges rather than surface routes to minimize the impact.,土壤,哪里的土壤易移动以及建筑工地的选址需要仔细选择。植被先从这些地方移开，等工作完成之后再恢复回去。有可能的话，铁路线直接从敏感自然区域周围通过，建筑工作被限制在线路周围尽可能小的区域。设计者尽可能使线路绕开湿地和湖泊，当实在不行的时候，他们宁愿架设桥梁而不在他们表面修路以使影响最小化。,second animals In addition, planners established five nature reserves along the route Kekexili(Hoh Xil), Qinghai Sanjiangyuan, Chang Tang, Lin-chou Pengbo, and La-lu, and six more are planned . In these reserves, a large number of endangered species such as the Tibetan antelope and black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) live. To protect animals and plants, additional bridges and passages for animals will be built in sections of the railway that go through the reserves.,动物,此外，规划者在沿线可可西里、青海三江源、长塘、林州、彭泊和拉鲁建立了五个自然保护区，还有六个正在规划中。在这些自然保护区内生活着一大批濒危物种例如藏羚羊和黑顶鹤。为了保护动物和植物，将在通过这些保护区的路段建立额外的桥梁和动物通道。,藏羚羊准备通过青藏铁路动物通道,Third Water Protection of bodies of water was also prioritized during the fieldwork. Builders used 48 drilling machines to establish supports for the bridges in areas with permafrost. This approach prevented sedimentation of river water when drilling to establish underwater piers and when hauling sand along watercourses. In addition, builders promoted the use of nonphosphate detergents at base camps and prevented discharge of untreated sewage.,水,在施工过程中水体的保护也是优先的，建设者们利用48种钻挖机器来建造永久冻土区的桥梁支撑体，这种方法能防止在挖建水下桥墩和沿河道运输沙子时引起的河水沉降。 此外，施工人员增加了建筑工地洗涤剂的使用，杜绝了未经处理的污水的排放。,Forth Vegetation Workers used oil-burning boilers to stay warm and solar energy to power electrical equipment, rather than burning local woody vegetation such as trees. All daily waste generated by construction workers was collected and treated, and monitoring teams thus found no evidence of littering.,植被,建筑工人们用燃油锅炉和太阳能来保温和给电器设备充能，而不是燃烧当地的木本植物等。所有的建筑工人都对每天产生的废物进行收集和处理，因此监测小组没有发现乱抛垃圾的证据。,Local Transportation and Ecotourism,The new railway will greatly reduce transportation costs for materials entering and exiting Tibet, and this will help domestic and foreign enterprises that want to establish a presence in the Tibetan market. The QTR will also promote local tourism and related economic development. The tourism resources along the railway are very rich, with a wide range of landscapes, biology, and ethnic cultures. the risk of increasing pollution, habitat destruction, and the introduction of exotic species. It will need to be carefully managed to promote and ensure long-term ecosystem health and sustainability in the region.,当地交通和生态旅游,新铁路将大大降低进口和出口物资的运输成本，这将帮助国内和国外企业在西藏市场建立根基。 青藏铁路还将促进当地旅游业和相关的经济发展。铁路沿线的旅游资源十分丰富，具有各种景观，繁多的生物种类和民族文化。 虽然旅游业创造了极好的机会，它也承载着日益严重的污染，栖息地破坏，外来物种引进的风险。人们需要仔细谨慎的 促进和确保长期的生态系统健康和保证该地区的可持续发展。,Concerns for the Future,animal smuggling present a serious problem. Another concern is that construction of the QTR, by increasing movement of people into the region, could have a serious impact on the prevalence of diseases such as AIDS. If carefully managed, the Qinghai-Tibet railway will ultimately promote the sustainable ecological, social, and economic development of western China. We hope that it will be remembered as more than just an engineering Accomplishment-that it will also be remembered as an ecological miracle and a successful example of a green railway that can be followed by other regions and developing countries.,对未来的担忧,同时,目前采矿和走私动物是一个严重的问题。 另一个担忧是青藏铁路的建设,通过增加进入该地区