广州市初中会考英语句型转换之我见.doc

广州市初中会考英语句型转换之我见关于句型转换的总结，下面，让我们从简单到复杂地分析句型转换。一、划线部分提问：划线部分提问，就是就划线部分的词语，用特殊疑问词进行提问。常有的特殊疑问词有：why,what,where,when,who,how(how long,how soon, how often)。1、如果划线内容是问为什么的，就用why提问，如：I buy this because I like it.Why do you want this?2、如果划线内容是问什么的，就用what提问，what还可以用来提问时间：what time；提问职业：what ones job/what do(does) one do；提问正在做什么：what be one doing。如：Stamps are uesd for sending letters.What are stamps used for?Its 4 oclock,now.What time is it now?My father is a doctor.What is your fathers job?What does your father do?Im reading.What are you doing?3、如果划线内容是问时间，那么可用what time，也可用when，如：Its 2 oclock now.What time is it now?When is it now?4、如果划线内容是问哪里的，就用where提问；I travelled to BeiJing last summer.Where did you travel last summer?5、如果划线内容是问乘坐的交通工具的，就用how提问，如：I go to school by bus. How do you go to school?6、如果划线内容是“in+时间”这样的短暂性词语时，就用how soon提问，如：I will come back to Guangzhou in two days.How soon will you come back to Guangzhou?7、当句子出现频度副词（often,twice a week）时，用how often提问，如：He often goes to school at 8.How often does he go to school at 8?We have the PE class twice a week.How often do you have the PE class?8、当句子中出现for,since时，用how long提问，如： My father has lived here for 10 years. How long has your father lived? I have lived here since 1995. How long has you lived here?二、把直接引语改为间接引语：用引号原封不动的陈述某人说的话叫直接引语；不用引号转述某人说的话叫间接引语。直接引语转换成间接引语时，that可以省略。直接引语与间接引语的转换要注意人称、时态、指示代词和时间状语等方面的变化。如：Sally said: “I enjoy myself very much.”Sally said she enjoyed herself very much. （人称）Kelly said: “He will come tomorrow.”Kelly said he would come the next day. （时态）I said: “This is very good.”I said that was very good. （指示代词）Sister said: “I will go to climb the hill tomorrow.”Sister said she would go to climb the hill the next day. （时间状语）除此之外，还有两种情况值得注意：一，如果直接引语是否定句是，间接引语要用told/asked sb not to do sth这种形式，如：Teacher said “Dont open the window,Tom.”Teacher asked Tom not to open the window.二，表示客观事实的句子不用改，如：Teacher said: “The earth turn around the sun.”Teacher said the earth turn around the sun.三、同义转换同义转换，其实就是同义词或句式替换成同一意思。同义转换是靠平时的积累，如要记熟下列的同义词和同义句式替换：1、同义词或词组替换： 1）asas sb can=try ones best，如：Try your best to do this work.Do this work as well as you can.2）a great deal=a lot，如：You must eat a lot.You must eat a great deal.3）be made out of =be made from（看不出原材料）或be made of（可以看出原材料），如：Paper is made from wood.Paper is made out of wood.（paper是看不出原材料的）The desk is made of wood. The desk is made out of wood. （wood可以看出原材料）4）would like to=would rather，如：I would like to go to school.I would rather go to school.5）perhaps=maybe，如：Perhaps the weather will get worse tomorrow.Maybe the weather will get worse tomorrow.6）no longer=notany longer，如：I no longer love you.I dont love you any longer. 7）sothat=notenough to=tooto，如：The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.The panda is too fat to go through the hole.The panda isn not thin enough to go through the hole.2、同义句式替换：1）in the end=at last=finally，如：In the end,I bought that book.At last,I bought that book.Finally,I bought that book.2）be sent to prison=be put into prison，如：The robber was sent to prison at last.The robber was put into prison.3）when I was a child=when I was young=as a child，如：When I was a child,I liked sports very much.When I was young,I liked sports very much.As a child,I liked sports very much.4）at the age of 8=when I was 8，如：At the age of 8,I start to played the piano.When I was 8,I start to played the piano.5）数词+more+(名词)=another+数词+(名词)，如：I wrote 22 more books.I wrote another 22 books. on sth6）spend+时间/金钱+ 和It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth,cost,pay fordoing sth替换，如：It took me two year to build the hotel.I spent two year on the hotel.I paid two yuan for a book.The book cost me two yuan.四、反意疑问句反意疑问句，是在陈述句之后附上的一个简单问句,其基本型式是: 陈述句（肯定）+简短问句（否定）陈述句（否定）+简单问句（肯定） 简单地讲，就是句子前面肯定，后面否定；前面否定，后面肯定。而且，简单句句中的主语要用代词，如：Mary comes from America,doesnt she?Your father didnt watch TV at night,did he?使用反意疑问句时，要注意下面几点：1、陈述句部分的主语是everybody，everyone，somebody，someone，no one，nobody等不定代词时，简略问句部分主语用they或he，如：No one went away,didnt they?Some one didn”t pass the exam,did he?2、陈述句部分主语是everything，something，nothing等不定代词时，简略问句部分用it，如：Everything goes well,doesnt it?3、当陈述句部分主语是指示代词this，that时，简略问句主语用it；当陈述句部分的主语是指示代词these，those时，简略问句部分主语用they，如：That is on inesenting film,isnt it?These are your books,arent they?4、当陈述句部分含有there be句型时，简略问句部分仍用there，如：There was a heavy rain last night,wasnt there?5、当前面部分是祈使句时，简略问句部分用will you或wont you；如果祈使句是否定式，则用will you，如：Please bring me some water,will you/wont you?Dont open the window,will you?Let引起的祈使句,有两种情况：表示省略形式lets，反意疑问句用shall we；如果是let us形式，则用will you，如：Lets go swimming,shall we?Let us do it by oerselves,will you?6、陈述句部分含有I am时，由am not没有缩写型式，所以简略问句用arent I；陈述句部分如果是否定的，则用am I；如：Im late today,arent I?Im not late today,am I?7、陈述句部分的谓语含有have to时，简略问句部分通常用do的适当型式，如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow morning,dont we?He has to look after his mother at home,doesnt he?8、当have作 “有”解时,可以用两种型式，如：He hasnt any sisters,has he/does he?当have表示其他含义(经过，遭受，得到，吃，开会，上课)时,简略问句要用do的适当型式，如： You had a good time,didnt you? He had milk and bread for breakfast,didnt he?9、陈述句部分出现never，seldom，hardly，few，little，nobody，nothing等含有否定意义的词时，简略问句部分用肯定式，如：She made few mistakes in the exam,did she?You have nothing else to say,have you?10、 陈述句部分含有宾语从句时，简略问句中部分的动词和主语代词通常与主句中的动词和主语保持一致，如：He said they would come the next day,didnt he? 但当陈述句部分的动词是think，believe，suppose(设想) ，expect(期望) ，且主语是I，We，时，简略问句中的动词和主语代词应该与宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且要注意其肯定或否定式，如：I dont think he can finish the work on time, can he? I dont believe she knows it,doesnt she? 11、现在完成时的反意疑问句：句式有：1）主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，havent+主语?2）主语+havent+动词过去分词+其它，have+主语?3）主语+has+动词过去分词+其它，hasnt+主语?4）主语+hasnt+动词过去分词+其它，has+主语?如： YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,haventyou? YouhaventbeentoShanghaibefore,haveyou? Jackhasdonehishomework,hasnthe?Jackhasntdonehishomework,hashe?五、感叹句感叹句是表达强烈情感的句子。在感叹句的开头，常用 “what”或 “how”这两个单词。What称为感叹型容词，用于名词前面；How称为感叹副词，用于型容词或副词前面。1) What(1)What+a/an+(adj)+可数名词(单、复)+主语+谓语，如：He is such a clever boy.What a clever boy he is!You are such happy children.What happy children you are!(2)What+(adj)+不可数名词+主语+谓语，如：It is cold water.What cold water it is!It is good news.What good news it is!2) How(1)How+adj+主语+谓语，如：The sight was so sad.How sad the sight was!The boy is so clever.How clever the boy is!(2)How+adv+主语+谓语，如：She sang so beautiful.How beautiful she sang!He runs so fast.How fast he runs!(3)How+主语+谓语，如：Time flies.How time flies!六、改为被动语态 被动语态是初三这一年才有的句型，所以特别重要，也要好好地重视。 被动语态，分3种：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。 陈述句，就是把问句中的主语、谓语、宾语改为宾语、谓语、主语。如下图：主动语态 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语被动语态 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（by+sb）如：They took good care of the old people.The old people were taken good care of.一般疑问句，可以先把句子改为陈述句，再按照改陈述句的被动语态的方法去改，再把它改为一般疑问句。如： Do you clean your teeth every day?Are your teeth cleaned every day?特殊疑问句，可以把句子改为陈述句，再按照改陈述句的被动语态的方法去改，再把它改为特殊疑问句。如：Who invented the computer?Who was the computer invented by? 改被动语态有些地方值得注意：1）含有情态动词的被动语态：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+如：It can be returned next week.否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+如：The work cant be done carelessly.疑问句：情态动词+主语+b