非谓语动词十大考点.doc

非谓语十大考点考点一 : 非谓语动词的时态和语态时态:非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则,就用一般式.语态:当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系,用主动式,是被动关系,用被动式.如:1. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.(2005辽宁) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 2. He glanced over at her, -_that enough she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.(2005广东)A. noting B. noted C. to note D . having noted3. _from other continents for millions of years , Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(2005湖北)A.Being separated . Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated4 He has always insisted on his _Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.(1992上海)A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called注：动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况：在做表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时；作定语修饰have, there be等后面的名词或代词时；作表语的to blame等。如：Im going to the supermarket this afternoon . Do you have anything _?(2004上海) A.To be buying B . to buy C . for buying D. boughtneed， want和require表示需要，主语通常是物时，后面除用不定式的被动式外，也可用ing形式的主动形式表示被动。如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_ road conditions need _.(2003上海)A.That, to be improved B. which, to be improved C. where, improving D. when, improving考点二 ：非谓语动词的逻辑主语 所作句子成分 宾语和表语 定 语 状 语 宾 补 逻辑主语 句子的主语 所修饰的词 句子的主语 句子的宾语如：1. While watching television, _.(2005全国卷)A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings2. In order to make our city green, _.(2002上海春)A it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more tress need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees 考点三 :非谓语动词的否定式 非谓语动词的否定式通常是在非谓语动词之前加not或never。当前面有逻辑主语时，要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如：1. Victor apologized for _to inform me of the change in the plan.(2004上海春招) A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able2. _the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. not completed C. not having completed D. having not completed 3. The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 考点四 ：不定式和动名词作主语与表语 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。如：1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _the answers ready will be of great help. A. to have had B. having had C. have D. having2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 3. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and_. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 考点五 ：不定式和动名词作宾语1. 只能接不定式的35个单词和短语有的动词后只能用不定式而不能用动名词。如：ask, demand, plan, intend, mean, manage, do/try ones best, make an attempt, learn, wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer, agree, promise, decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind, offer, apply, help, fail, prepare, pretend, refuse, happen, afford等。用上述动词或动词短语的汉语意思可串成如下顺口溜：要求（你）计划努力学习，希望（你）同意（这个）决定；（可以）主动提出申请帮助，不能准备假装、拒绝或碰（运气），（这可）负担不起。We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. Having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met2. 只能接ing形式的35个动词和短语有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advise, keep(on), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy, miss, prevent, forbid, escape, include, forgive, pardon, excuse, dislike, discuss, report, admit, mind, risk, cant stand, burst out, feel like, insist on, delay, put off, give up, be busy, be worth等。如：(1)I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating(2)He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost3. 接不定式和动名词意义不同的8个动词和动词短语在下列8个动词和动词短语后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do, remember doing, forget to do, forget doing, regret to do, regret doing, try to do, try doing, go on to do, go on doing, mean to do, mean doing, stop to do, stop doing, cant help to do, cant help doing。如：(1) When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not_.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave(2) -The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off4. 表示未曾实现的愿望或打算的10个动词和动词短语表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即表示“本打算/想/希望做某事”，但事实上却没做，用plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, except等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式，或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was/were, would/should like加不定式的完成式；was/were going加不定式的一般式。如：I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. To go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone5. 要接动名词的含有介词的7个句型介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式（其中有的介词有时会被省略）：prevent/stop/keep /prohibit sb. ( sth .) from doing; spend/waste time or money in doing; how/what about doing sth.; have some difficulty/trouble in doing; have a hard/good time in doing sth.; there is no sense in doing sth.; thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb. for doing sth.等。如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam.A. Pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing6. to是介词的12个固定结构to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to, devote to/be devoted to, be/get used to, lead to, get down to, pay attention to, refer to, point to, turn to, object to,be equal to, belong to等。如：The discovery of new evidence led to_.A. The thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught7. But和except后可接不定式介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后有时可接不定式，当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；当前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。如：Sandy could do nothing but_ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. Admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit考点六： 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语的比较当宾语与作宾语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式或现在分词；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下，根据例句：1. 通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词这类动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love, prefer等，这些表示劝请、要求类的动词之后，常用带to的不定式作宾补。如：（1）My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. For me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take（2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_.A Not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do2. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to在使役动词make， let， have后一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：(1)If anybody happens to drop in while I am out,_ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get C. ask D, tell(2) Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning3. 在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式感官动词fee, l listen to , hear, see, look at, watch, notice, observe等后的宾语和作宾补得非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to（在被动式后作主补是要加to）的不定式（全过程）或者现在分词（正在发生）作宾补；若是被动关系就用过去分词作宾补。(1)They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B grew C. was growing D. to grow(2)The missing boy were last seen _ near the river.A. Playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play （3）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year(NMET2000)A carried out B carrying out C carry out D to carry out4.在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to 的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上既可以是主动关系也可是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：（1）The murderer was brought in, with his hands_behind his back.(NMET1991) A being tide B having tied C to be tied D tied （2）With a lot of diffcult probiems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time(2002上海春招卷) A.settled B settling C to settle D being settled（3）I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_(2005北京卷)A. going on B goes on C went on D to go on5.其宾语后可用分词或不定式作宾补的3个动词. 在leave, ,get ,have等动词的宾语后可按现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式作宾语补足语。现分述如下：（1）leavedoing让一直（主动、持续性）；leaveto do让去做（主动、将来）；leavedone让被(被动)。Dont water _while you brush your teeh.(2004天津卷)A run B. running C.being run D.to run 比较：leave the door filmly fastened让门紧闭着；leave her to do as she likes 让她去做她喜欢做的事。（2）get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事（主动、将来）；get sb./sth.doing使.处于某一状态中（主动、持续）；get sth. done=have sth. done请人做某事/使.遭受（被动）。如：Ill try to gether_the doctor.(1989上海卷)A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing 请比较：get the children talking让孩子说起话来；get the computer repaired将电脑送去修理；get his wrist broken折断了手腕。（3）have sth .done=get sth.done请人做某事；have sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者出于某种状态；have sb.do sth使某人做某事；have sth. to do 有事要做She had her audience listening attentively.(她使观众听得入神。)He didnt keep on asking me the any longer as he had his watch _ (1993上海卷)A.to repair B. repaired C. repairing D.repairYou should understand the traffic rule by now . Youve had it_ often enough.(2005天津卷)。A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained.6.可用分词但不用to do 5个动词Keep, find 等后可用现在分词（主动）或过去分词（被动）。在catch (撞见)smell(闻到)start(开始)等后通常只接现在分词，不用不定式和过去分词（1）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.(NMET2003)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked（2）He looked around caught a man _his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004安徽春招卷)A. put B. to be putting C.to put D.putting.7.可用to be 或to have done作补语的9个动词 在表示“认为”的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine.等动词后，可跟to be作补语（认为.是.），一般不跟to do ;但在think, consider, believe 等之后可跟to have done作补语（认为.做了.）。如：Charies Babage is generally considered _the first computer.(NMET1993)A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented8. make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补Make oneself understood/heard/seen/known让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。如：Helen had to shout_ _above the sound of the music.(2004广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D.to make herself heard9在be said/reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，要用词不定式。（1）The flu is believed_by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat(2004上海卷)。A. cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused（2）Robert is said _ abroad,but Idont know whae country he studied in (NMET1999).A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 考点7 用不定式、现在分词和过去分词作状语的比较在表示时间，时间，条件，让步，方式或伴随情况等5种场合，通常不用不定式，而要用现在分词或过去分词。句子主语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。（注意：现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。）如：(1)“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted_away.（2005全国卷3）A. run B.running C. to run D. ran（2_in the mountains for a week ,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C.Being lost D. Losing（3）_time ,hell make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京卷)A. Having give B. To give C. Giving D. Given（4）_into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns（2005福建卷）A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put注：表示时间、条件或让步等的分词，有时还可带上连词，构成“连词+现在分词或过分.，句子主语与分词在逻辑上是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。如：（1）When_help, one often says,“Thank you .”or “Its kind of you ”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered (2)Though_money,his parents ,managed to send him to university.(2002上海卷)。A. lacked B. Lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in2. 不定式和分词表示原因的区别表示原因时，分词短语常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗号隔开；不定式短语却只能放在句末但不用逗号，且多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词（happy ,glad, sorry, sad, surprised,frightened,delighted,disappointed）之后。如：（1）Im surprised to see you here.(在这里遇到你真让我感到意外)（2）_by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.(2004辽宁卷)。 A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D.Having attracted（3）_the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2004广东卷)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed（4）_in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than adoctor(2005湖南卷)。A. Dressed B. TO dress C.Dressing D. Having dressed3.不定式和现在分词表示结果区别不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之前，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，不定式前加only;另外，还用于tooto,enough to.,so/suchas to 等固定结构中。现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），有时在前面加上thus，谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。1)He hurried to the station only _that the train had left.(2005广东卷)。A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found2)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the tart of the year,_a record US$57.65a barrel on April4.(2005山东卷)。A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching4. 在形容词后作状语或补语只能用不定式在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。若主语或者宾语是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具、对象或方式时，不定式必须保留或加上一个适当的介词。如：1)The lake is safe to swim in .在这个湖里游泳是安全的。（主语the lake是不定式to swim发生的地点，即to swim in the lake）。2)We find the lake safe to swim in.我们觉得在这湖里游泳是安全的。（宾语the lake是不定式to swim发生的地点，即to swim in the lake）You were silly not _your car.(A. to lock B. to have locked C.locking D ,having locked 5. 表示目的时只能用不定式表示目的时只能用不定式，其动作通常发生在谓语动词之后，并常用in order to so as to结构。有时为了强调，可将不定式短语放到句首（但 so as to 短语不行）。（注意：不定式作状语只有表示目的时，才可以放到句首。）如：（1）-Can the project be finished as planned?-Sure,_ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.(2005福建卷)。A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get （2）_more about university courses, call(920)746-3789.(2005浙江卷) A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out(3) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _a look at the sports stars.(2005上海卷)。 A.had B. having C.to have D.have考点8：不定式和分词作定语1.不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have,there be ,with 之后的名词，表示“有.要.”或修饰“the+序数词”。（注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。）如：（1）.When I handed the report to john ,he said that George was the preson_(1996上海卷)A. to send B.for sending it C.to send it D. for sehding it to (2)There are five pairs_,but Im at a loss which to choose.(1999上海卷)A. to be chosen B.to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing（3）After she considered the problem,she got a tall box to stand _(NMET1995). A. by B. on C. up D.with(4).Then there are always people to _if you feel like a chat .(1994上海卷)。 A. talk to B. talk C.speak about D.speak2.分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词之前（left等除外），分词短语放在所修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。（注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语）。如：1）The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004上海卷)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt2） The prize of the game show is$30,00a