初中英语语法知识名词与冠词.doc

龙 文 环 球 教 育 教师1对1 中小学课外辅导 网址： 初中英语语法知识： 名词与冠词 1.a 用在辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前；an用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。2.表示乘坐交通工具时，注意by 后不带冠词，on 或in 后面可以加冠词或其他限定词。如：by bike ,on his /a bike 3.某些短语中有无定冠词the表达的意义不同。例如：be in hospital 住院,be in the hospital在医院。go to school 无上学,go to the school 去学校。4.“the +形容词”表示一类人the old =the old people ,the rich =rich people .5.“the +姓氏的复数”表示一家人。The Browns ：Brown 一家人6.加the的情况序数词和形容词最高级前方位乐器前江河湖泊海洋等名词前next ,last , same , only 等此前第一无二的天体名词前由普通名词构成的转悠名词前请在下列横线中填入适当的冠词。1._ old man behind Mary is _ university teacher.2.Are you good at playing _ basketball or playing _ piano?3._ youngest leader in China is _ man called Lu Hao .4.How do you go to _ work? I usually take _ bus .5.What _ useful dictionary !And _ dictionary was bought in Tianhe Bookstore.6.He is _ university student and he comes from _ island in England .7.-Have you seen the key to _ car ? -I think _ key is on the desk .8.-How far is it from our school to _ seaside? -It is _ eight kilometer walk from here .9.I have got _ bad headache all day ,so I think Ill go to bed early .10.If you go by _ train ,you can have quite a comfortable trip ,but make sure you get _ fast one .11.She has been in _hospital for three days .We go to _ hospital to see her every day .12.There is _ book on the shelf .Would you please get _book for me ?13.Learning _ countrys language is a better way of knowing _culture behind it .14.I hope we can fly to _moon one day .7.数词加名词作定语时，有两种表达。例如：a ten minutes drive = a ten-minute drive 8.“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合词时，中间的名词用单数。 a ten-meter-long bridge / a ten meters long bridge Small practice 1.-How deep is the hole ?-It is _(四米深).2.-How far is your school from your home ?-About _(二十分钟的走路路程).3.Each of us has to write a _ report every two weeks . A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words4.There is _ 800-meter long road behind _ hospital.9. 名词分可数名词与不可数名词 。可数名词有单数和复数，不可数名词没有单数和复数。写出下列单数可数名词的复数：desk watch bus box brush baby monkey leaf knife potato tomato photo zoo piano foot tooth goose man woman policeman Chinese Japanese sheep fish Child mouse 10.容易出错的不可数名词有：advice ,fun , information ,music , news , weather ,work1. My mother bought some_ for my birthday party yesterday.A.apple B.banana C.orange D.meat2. - Oh，there isnt enough_ for us in the lift.- No hurry.Lets wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room3.- Ive got a little_ in my house.- Why not keep two or more?A.juice B.mice C.bread D.fish4.The sweetest_ in the world is birds singing, I think.A.cry B.noise C.voice D.sound5.They have much coloured_.Lets go and ask for some.A.rules B.paper C.erasers D.sharpeners6. - whats your favorite_?- Oranges.A.color B.fruit C.juice D.vegetable7.- Would you like some_?- No, thank you.Im not hungry at all.A.tea B.water C.bread D.coffee8.Mr Smith always has _ to tell us.A.some good pieces of newsB.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newesD.some piece of good news9.Please pass us _.A.two glass of milk B.two glass of milksC.two glasses of milks D.two glasses of milk10.These Germans want to have some _ or supper，so they decide to catch_now.A.fish；many B.fishes；muchC.fish；muchD.fishes；many11. man 和woman 作定语修饰复数名词时用复数形式，boy和girl作定语修饰复数名词时用单数形式。如：men teachers ,girl students .12. 名词所有格中的“of+短语”主要用于无生命的东西 a leg of a table双重或多重所有格则多用于有生命的东西。 a photo of my brothers 6.表示词组内并列名词的共同所有关系，只需在并列的最后的名词后加-s，如果表示各自的所有关系，则需在每个并列名词后加-s。如Jim and Toms room (共同所有的) Jims and Toms room（各自所有的）13. sound ,voice and noise 名词含义区别Sound泛指声音人或物发出的声响Voice嗓音一般指人说话，唱歌笑时发出的声音或人的嗓音noise声音噪音指人们发出的嘈杂声，喧叫声等不协调的声音Please dont make any _, the baby is asllep.There is no _ coming from TV.Alice has a beautiful _.She sings best in the school.Small practice 1.How many _ are there in the international village ?A. Germen B. Frenchmans C. Chinese D. Amercian 2.-What did you see just now ?-I saw two _ doctors _ out of the house .A. woman; come B. woman ;came C. women ; coming D. women ;to come3. The _ of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves4. There are three _ in our factory.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor5. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes6. We know _ travels not so fast as light.A. soundB. soundsC. the soundsD. a sound7. Two _, please.A. coffeeB. coffeesC. cup of coffeeD. cups coffee8. She used to have three_ . A.boys friends B.boy-friends C.boy friend D.boy friends 9. I like these dishes but_ is a little too small. A. the tea cup B.the cup of tea C. the teas cup D.the cup for tea 10. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _ movie could not hold our attention. A.three-hours B. three-hour C.three-hours D.three-hours 14. 修饰可数名词与不可数名词 与可数名词搭配与不可数名词搭配a(great/large) number of a great deal ofmanymuchA fewA littlefewlittleseveralA lot of =lots of ,some ,plenty of用a few ,few ,a little ,little填空。1. There is _ meat in the fridge .Please go to buy some.2. She just came ,so she has _ friends in this school.3. Your father bought _ cakes back, if you are hungry ,you can eat them.4. I know quite _ people because Ive worked here for nearly twenty years.5. Can I drink_ water ?I am still very hungry. 6. - Ive got a little_ in my house.- Why not keep two or more?A.juice B.mice C.bread D.fish15. A number of 表示许多，后面加可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词要用复数，the number of 表示的数量，后面加可数名词的复数，作主语时谓语动词要用可数名词的单数。1. of students _(be)playing football on the playground .2._ of the students in my school _(be)two thousand.Small practice 1.-You looked tired this morning .What did you do yesterday ? -I did _ Christmas shopping.A.a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D.a piece of 2.-What about Mr Blacks speech? -Wonderful! There were _ there.A.a large number B. much C. a great deal of D. lots3.Paper-making is _ of ancient China.A. one of greatest invention B. one of the greatest inventionsC. one of the greatest inventors D. one of great inventor4.The letter from my uncle was short .There wasnt _ news.A. many B. a few C. much D. few5.He has _ bread to eat , so he often gives me some.A. too much B. too many C. littl