非谓语动词专练.doc

非谓语动词 to do:to be done 主语宾语表语定语补语状语非谓语动词的否定式一律在其前加not To do to have (been) done: 宾语 to be doing: 宾语 doing: 主语，宾语，表语，定语，补语，状语 doing being done: 宾语，表语，定语，补语， having (been) done: 状语 done : 表语，定语，补语，状语To do 可以充当所有成分；非谓语动词的完成时不做定语和补语；作主语的只有：to do doing不作宾语的只有：donehaving (been)done;不做状语的有:to do的完成时和进行时以及doing 的被动式 .状语：to do, dong, having (been) done, done定语补语: to (be) do, doing, being done, done.主语: to do, doing (动名词）宾语：to do及其所有变形，being done, doing 表语: to do, doing, being done, done一： 非句子成分作状语：非句子，句子 = 句子，非句子。独立主格： 主语+非谓语动词，+ 句子。（句首和逗号处无连词，主语不一致） =with的复合结构去掉with。(非谓语动词形式由其前面主语决定）分词作状语：（with+N+非谓语动词，+ 句子）(非谓语动词形式由其前面N决定）分词作状语: (主语) +非谓语动词，+ 句子。（句首和逗号处无连词，主语一致) （非谓语动词：一看主语的主被动，二看谓语动词的时间先后关系） 主动被动 to do , doing，having done; done, having been done, to do 表在谓语V之后发生；时间先后关系 doing表与V同时或几乎同时发生 having ( been ) done 表在谓语V之前发生 done 只表被动 be + done +prep 用于以上结构，要去掉 be , 用被动表主动.某些动词用于分 词作状语，不考虑主被动，不考虑时间关系，只用其固定形式，这些词的固定形式为：judging from(从-来判断）, providing thatgiven that （假如），considering（考虑到）, to tell the truth,（说实话） generally speaking, speaking of talking of (谈到-），taking -into consideration（考虑）, seeing（考虑到）, supposing (如果）(2) 句子, only+ to do ( to be done) 意料之外; 句子，(only)+ doing 意料之中(3)：To do 作其它的目的状语，结果状语，原因状语1. (so as) to do (in order) to do (目的）2. too adj to do (表否定概念，但adj 为表情感的adj 时， 此结构表肯定概念 ）（结果）。3. be +adj enough to do.（结果）4. 主语+ be adj + to do (原因）(此时adj为表心情的词）， （adj 若为表性质的词，用to do 的主动形式表被动）二：非谓语动词作定语 (可以转换成定语从句）N + to do to be done doing being done done (be done +prep) 非谓语V 的完成式不用于定语修饰名词或代词 (看所修饰名词与所选词之间的主被动与时间关系)N + to doto be done: 选to do 还是选to be done，就看整个句子的主语是否是to do 中do的逻辑主语，即是否是to do中do这个动作的发出者，是发出者，用to do, 不是发出者，用to be done. Eg: I have something to do this afternoon, so I cant go out with you; -I want to go shopping now, do you have something to be bought?三：非谓语动词作补语结构:1. 主语+ have makelet sb + dodoing done sb + be + hadmadelet +to dodoingdone2. 主语+ get leaveset sb to dodoing done 3. 主语+ keep sb doingdone4. 主语+感官动词+sb dodoing done sb be +感官动词的过去分词+to dodoingdone感官动词：一感二听三让四看 一监视一注意一发现feellisten to (hear) let(makehave)see(watchobservelook at)spynoticefindcatch-四：非谓语动词做主语to do： 一次性行为偶尔为之的行为；doing：经常性习惯性行为 to do doing作主语，谓语动词用单数动名词的复合结构：作宾语：只接Ving形式作宾语的V后 + 形容词性物主代词宾格+doing； Eg: You should avoid your sons (your son ) doing it again. 作主语：形容词性物主代词+doing+V单数+其他 Eg: My apologizing to him changed his attitude at last.只接to do 做宾语的V 有：三个希望两答应，( hopewishexpectpromiseagree )两个要求莫拒绝；(askdemandrequestrefuse)设法学会做决定，(managelearndecidebe determined to do)不要假装在选择；(pretendchoose) proceedendeavorstrive两个计划被安排，(planintendarrange) professplotpresume想要尝试去教学；(wantwould likeattemptteach) swear承受失败无准备，(affordfailprepare) resolverequest似乎提供要去做；(seemoffer+ to do) threaten, undertake保证匆忙不犹豫。(guaranteehurryhesitate) tend, seek 五：非谓语动词做宾语：只接Ving形式作宾语的V 有：避免错过少延期，( avoidmisspostpone )建议完成多练习；( advicefinishend uppractice )喜欢想象禁不住，(enjoyfancyimaginecant help)承认否定与嫉妒；(admitdenyenvy)逃避冒险莫原谅，(escaperiskexcuse)忍受保持不介意；(standbearkeepmind)禁止成功不感激，(forbidsucceedappreciate)考虑面对忒值得；(considerfacedelaybe worth)两个允许莫忘记。(allowpermit)既可接Ving又可接to do作宾语的V 有：（1）表情感类V：preferlikelovedislikehate + to do： 表示某个具体的行为动作 doing: 表示一贯的行为常态（2） rememberforgetregret+ to do doing: to do 表示去做，doing表示做过了；（3） stop to do:停下来去做另外一件事；stop doing:停下手头正在做的事情。（4） try to do: 设法努力去做-; try doing: 试着做-.（5） mean to do: 打算去做（主语一般是人）；mean doing：意味着做-（主语一般是物）（6） go oncontinue + to do:接着去做另一件事; go oncontinue + doing:接着做同一件事；（7） be afraid fear+ to do: 害怕，不敢去做某事；be afraid fear of doing:担心发生某种结果； （8） be sure to do:一定必定做某事；be sure of doing:有信心做某事（9） Startbegin+ to dodoing: to dodoing常可互换，但以下情况只能接 to do. startbegin 本身为进行时to do 中do 为表心理活动的词主语为It 时，只接to do. Eg:I am starting to change She starts to realize(understanebelieveknow) it I t start to change.六: thoughtintendedplaned to have done=had thoughtintendedplanned to do: 本以为打算做-七：动词不定式的省略1. 连词+分词（to dodone );略（详见固定句式）2. 感官动词使役动词+宾语+省略to 的动词不定式（即V原形)略：详见非谓语动词作补语。3. 在并列结构中，第二个 to do 要省略 to, 但两个不定式形成对比关系，第二个to do 不省略to. Eg; The purpose of developing new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.; I want to sing and (to ) dance.不省略to 的结构还有：1. 如果第二个句子to do和第一个句子中的 to do 短语重复，第二个句子中的to do短语只保留to, 省略do; 但如果do 为behave(做有解），需保留behave.Eg: -Would you like to play with us?-Yes, I would love to. -Are you a taxi-driver?-No, but I used to be.4. 固定句式(1) Why not do- =Why dont you do-? 为什么不做-？ (2) Would rather do- than do-=would do rather than do-.宁愿做-而不做- （3）prefer to do - rather than do (4) can t help but docant but docant choose but do: 只好做只能做- (5) had better domay as well do:最好做-；不妨做-。 5. 如果but前有实意动词do 的相应形式but 后的to do要省略to. 6. 在主系表结构中，如果做主语的句子中出现实意动词do 的相应形式, to do要省略to. Eg: All you need to do is (to) press the button.八：sb be done + to do(再谓语V之后发生） to be doing（与V 同时发生）to have done（在V之前发生）。Eg: The book is said to have been published into 32 languages.九: 非谓语动词中的主动表被动1. 主语+be +adj + to do (adj为表示事务性质的形容词）2. Needwantrequire+ doingtobe done ; 需要被做；be worth+doing: 值得被做-3. Be to blame for sth: 为某事负责任4. be +done +prep: 系动词belong tobehappen(break outoccurtake placecome about)come out此三种结构不是非谓语动词，但也是主动表被动形式5. 系老属必（be ）生斑(版).6. be seated:就座；坐着。7. 开关洗净，卖烧减驾，读写画行 Openlock(shut)washcleansellburncutdrivereadwritedrawmove (这些V基本上都翻译为“- 起来”，且其后必有副词出现来修饰主语的性质。Eg: These pens write smoothly.十：非谓语动词陷阱题： Eg: The gift I am looking forward to makes me happy.主语 + 定语从句 + 谓语动词 （考察是谓语动词还是非谓语动词）此定语从句中会出现以介词结尾的动词短语干扰项，许多同学会认为既然以介词结尾，其后应加doing形式，实际上介词短语是作定语，应该去掉后划分句子结构，主语后应接谓语。2012-2013年高考题 非谓语动词专练1._ that he was in great danger, Erick walked deeper into the forest. (温州)A. Not realized. B. Not to realize. C. Not realizing. D. Not to have realized.2. Id rather read than watch TV. The programs seem _ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. getting worse D. to have got worse3. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. has come4. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(陕西)A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned5. Our evidence shows that _ time outdoors is good for kidss eyes. (长沙）A.spend B. to be spent C. spending D. spent 6 John received an invitation to the dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.(济南）A. finished B. having finished C. finishing D. was finished7. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.（安徽）A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded8. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. (吉林） A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put9. That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 10. The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons _ for the day. A. finishingB. finishedC. had finished D. were finished11. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having satC. to sitD. Sat12. _straight on， and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going13. Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.（北京）A. change B. changing C. Changed D. to change14.-Did you see him _ down the old lady? -Yes, the lady was just in front of the door hurrying to another bus when the young man got off. A. knock B. knocked C. To knock D. to be knocked15. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. （浙江） A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing16. I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the Station. A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid17.I am leaving for Beiing, do you have anything _ to your daughter? A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. Taking18. The purpose of developing new technologies is to make life easier, _ more difficult. A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make19. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.（湖南）A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay20. _ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D.Followed21. Of all the feelings, bodily plain is the most difficult _.A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. To be explained22. The car burns more fuel,but _ all things into consideration, it is still a good car.A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. To take23. The theory he sticks to _ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved24. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. （山东）A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken 25. The best seller, _ in her own things, didnt notice what the customer is talkingA. Lost B. losing C. lose D. having lost26. _at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. （山东）A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating 27. There are some health problems that, when in time, can become bigger ones later on.(浙江) Anot treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated28. The airport next year will help promote tourism in this area.(四川)Abeing completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed29. Anyone, once positive for H1N9 flu Virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.(福建) Ato be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test30 【2012湖南卷】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to be31【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, _how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered32【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate33. Entering the r