课件：动词和动词短语.ppt

2015届高考英语复习 动词和动词短语,解读动词和动词短语,对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在2015届的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。,考点荟萃,一、常考的十类动词及词组 1连系动词 特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： (1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。 (2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。,(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove, turn out等。 (4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, look, seem等。 2感官动词和使役动词 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。 常考的使役动词有make, have, let, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：,He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (put) catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有： feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。,putting,3.不用被动语态的动词及动词短语 英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。 (1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。 这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如： This new product_ well. 这种新厂品很畅销。 This kind of cloth _well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift _smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。 Written in simple English, this article _easily. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。,sells,washes,writes,reads,(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如： This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。 Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。,(3)某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 这类动词及词组有：happen(发生), occur (发生), cost， take place (发生) come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)， come into being(产生)， come to ones mind(想起)， come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是)， come about(发生)，break out(爆发)， belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：,(4) “主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。 当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如： The physics problem is easy to work out. 这道物理题很容易算出来。 A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。 This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。,4接动名词作宾语的动词或词组 常见的有：avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, fancy, keep, mind, miss, practise/practice, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如： The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。 He is always practicing/practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。,5接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如： He cant afford to buy such an expensive car. 他买不起这么贵的车。 Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees. 汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。,6表示 “需要”意义的动词 这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。 7接虚拟语气的动词 有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。 它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如： Peter suggested that Tom go there at once. 彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。,Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。 8表示“计划未能实现”的动词 此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如： I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.,现在表将来类 这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如： Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。 I am coming to that. The National Day is drawing near. 10带介词to的动词短语 带介词to的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v. ing形式。,二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语 1.以break为中心 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解 break in 闯进，打断 break into 闯入；强行进入 break out 爆发，发生 break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止 break through 突破；克服 break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束,2.以bring为中心 bring about 导致，引起，促使 bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复 bring down 使下降，打垮，击落 bring forward 提出；提前 bring in 把带进来；引进；挣得(收入) bring on 导致，引起，使发展 bring out 使显现；出版 bring up 抚养，养育，培养,3.以call为中心 call at 访问(某地)；停泊在 call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开 call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎 call in 召集，收集；下令收回 call off 取消，下令停止 call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人) call out 下令罢工；召唤出动 call up 打电话给；召集；使想起,4.以carry为中心 carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑 carry back 拿回，运回；使想起 carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品) carry on 坚持，继续，进行 carry out 贯彻，执行，实施 carry through 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺),5.以come为中心 come about 发生 come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到 come back 回来；恢复，复原 come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展 come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出 come over 访问；突然感到 come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生 come to an end 终止，结束 come to life 苏醒 come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来 come to oneself 恢复常态,when it comes to 就而论，谈到 come true 实现，成为现实 come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出 * *When it _ tennis, you cant beat her. A. come about B. come across C. come out D. come to *I simply couldnt understand how it _ that you did so much work within such a short time. A. came across B. came about C. came up D. came back *The truth will sooner or later _. A. come about B. turn out C. come out D. give out,6.以cut为中心 cut away 切去，砍掉 cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短 cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡 cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去 cut through 开辟(出路等) cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤 * *Eager to get thin, Ruth has decided to _ meat entirely for three years at least. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down *Jimmy was really _ when all his friends refused to help him. A. cut away B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up,7.以fall为中心 fall back 撤退，后退 fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面 fall down 不够好 fall in love with 爱上 fall into 陷入；养成 fall off 衰退，减少 fall over 被绊倒 * *Dont walk too near the edge of the cliff (悬岩), you might _ . Ablow over Bfall over Ccarry off Dcut off,8.以get为中心 get about 徘徊，走动；流传 get across 使被理解 get along 前进，进步；离去，相处 get around 走动；传播 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来；报复 get down to 认真对待，静下心来 get out of 由出来，从得出；避免；放弃 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格 get up 起床，起立；忙于，从事,9.以give为中心 give away 赠送；失去；泄露/透露(秘密等)；背弃；颁发，分发 give back 归还；还给；归还；使恢复 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give sth in (to sb) 呈上；交上 give in to sb/sth 向某人/某物让步；屈服于 give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽 give off 发出(光、烟、气味等) give out 用完，消耗尽；分发 give way (to) 屈服于；给让路，为所代替 give up 放弃；停止,【活学活用】 (1) Believe in yourself and never _(屈服) (2) The authorities have shown no signs of _(向屈服) the kidnappers demands. (3) The room is _(发出) a musty smell. (4) They are _(赠送) prizes at the new store. (5) What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _(用完)? (6) The doctors did everything to _(使我恢复) the use of legs, but in vain. We will never _(放弃) working, whatever happens. The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _the radio yesterday. Give out the news意为“播报新闻”.,give in,giving in to,giving off,giving away,given out,give me back,give up,given out,10.以go为中心 go about 开始做某事；忙于某事 go across 度过，越过 go after 追逐，追求，跟随 go against 反对，不利于 go ahead 前进，进展，继续 go along with 陪伴，和一道走 go away 离开，走掉 go by 经过，过去 go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿) go off 走开；爆炸,go on 继续，接下去 go out 出去；熄灭；送出；播出 go over 温习，检查 go round 拜访；参观 go through 审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受 go too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火 go up 上升，上涨；攀登 go without 没有也行,11.以hold为中心 hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制 hold down 压制；压低 hold on 坚持；等一等，别挂断 hold on to 抓住不放；不卖 hold out 伸出；提供机会 hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁 *The story was so moving that I could hardly_ my tears. A. hold up B. hold on C. hold on to D. hold back *The mail was _ for two days because of the snow storm. A. held out B. held off C. held up D. held down *The teacher_ excellent models of compositions for her class. A. held up B. held back C. got through D. got up,12.以keep为中心 keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离 keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒 keep in mind 记住 keep off 不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物 keep out 使不入内；不卷入 keep pace with 跟上，同步调一致 keep to 坚持；固守，遵守 keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持 keep up with 赶上，跟上，与并肩前进,13.以lay为中心 lay aside 把放在一边；留存备用 lay down 放下；规定 lay off (暂时)解雇；停止 lay out 铺开，展开 14.以leave为中心 leave behind 留下，忘记携带； 超过；永久离开 leave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内 leave off 停止；中断 leave over 留下，剩下 leave alone 不干涉，不打扰,15.以look为中心 look about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look back 回顾，回头看 look back on/upon 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望 look down on/upon 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look on/upon as 把看作,look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防 look out for 当心，寻找，搜寻 look through 透过看去；看穿；浏览 look up 查阅；仰视 look up to 仰慕，尊敬 16.以pick为中心 pick off 去除；选择(目标)射击 pick out 精心挑出，辨别出 pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到,17.以pull为中心 pull apart 拉开，分开 pull away 开动 pull down 拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴 pull in （车船）抵达 pull off 短暂停车；获得成功 pull on （匆匆）穿上，戴上 pull out 驶出，离开 pull through 克服困难；恢复 pull up 停止；训斥,18.以put为中心 put aside 把放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱 put away 把放好，把收拾；储藏 put back 把放回原处 put down 放下；镇压；记下 put an end to 结束，终止，废除 put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡 put in 安装；添上；打断 put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on 上演；穿上；增加；开动,put ones heart into 全神贯注，专心致志 put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出 put through 完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过 put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿 put up with 忍受，容忍 19.以send为中心 send away 解雇；赶走，把送往远处 send for 派人去叫(请、拿) send off 发出，寄出；邮购，函购 send out 发出，散发 send up 发射；使上升；取笑,20.以set为中心 set about (doing) 着手，开始 set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样 set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑 set back 使推迟；使花费 set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载 set free 释放(某人) set off 出发；使爆炸；引起 set out 出发；发表；着手做某事 set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生,21.以take为中心 take after 仿效，与相似 take away 拿走，减去；消除 take back 收回，取消 take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎 take charge of 负责，主管 take down 取下；记下；拆毁; 拆掉，拆除 take in 留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解 takeinto account/consideration 考虑，重视 take off 开始有成就(成名)；脱掉(衣服等)； (飞机)起飞；起程 ; (价格)打折； 请假，休息 take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任 take ones place 代替,take out 拿出，取出；去除 take over 接管，接任；占上风 take part in 参与，参加 take place 发生；举行 take pride in 以为荣，对感到骄傲 take up 拿起；从事 (某项活动)； 继续做;占用 (时间或空间)； take apart 把 (小型机器、钟表等) 拆开、拆散； (在体育运动或比赛中)轻易击败某人 * Our son doesnt know what to _ at the university；he cant make up his mind about his future. Atake in Btake up Ctake over Dtake after 解析：选B。take in接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；take up从事，参加，占据，继续； take over接管；take after像。根据句意选B。,【活学活用】 (1) Im sorry I was rude; I _ (收回) everything I said. (2) We find it difficult to _ (理解) what he has taught. (3) The company decided to _ (聘用) a new secretary. (4) When the picture was _ (取下来), the wall looked very bare. (5) Would you like me to _ (接手) the driving for a while? (6) Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career _ (大获成功) in his early thirties.,take back,take in,take on,taken down,take over,took off,(7) England was really _ (彻底打败) by Italy in last nights match. Ill _ (继续讲) the story where I finished yesterday. (9) We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all _ (占据;占用) . They decided to kick him upstairs and appoint a younger man to _ (取代他) Nowadays plastics _ (取代了) many conventional materials. My study of biology has _ (占据;占用) much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.,taken apart,take up,taken up,take his place,have taken the place of,taken up,22.以think为中心 think about考虑 think of as 把看作 think out 仔细考虑，想通 think over 仔细考虑 think through 想通；充分考虑 think up 想出；发明 think highly (well/a lot/a great deal/much)of 对评价很高 think poorly (little/badly/ill) of 对评价不高;轻视，看不起 sing high praise for 对评价很高 speak highly of 对评价很高 have a high opinion of 对评价很高,【活学活用】 (1) We _ (对评价很高) their research in this field. (2) I _ (对评价不高) her idea. We _ (高度评价) his contributions to his country. *I cant _ his name at the moment. A. think over B. think about C. think D. think of,think/speak highly of,dont think much of/think little of,sing high praise for/speak highly of,23.以throw为中心 throw at 把投向 throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会) throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事 throw out 逐出；否决；散发 throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造 *Every day, people _ a lot of rubbish. A. give away B. throw away C. clean away D. wash away *What a pity! He _ the only chance of success. A. gave in B. put down C. threw away D. broke off,24.以turn为中心 turn away 把打发走，转脸不理睬 turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑 turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦 turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击 turn out 出席；证明是；向外；出现 turn over 翻转；转动 turn round/around 旋转，转过身来 turn in 上交(=hand in) turn to 转向，求助于 turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来 *The mobile phone you lost yesterday has _. A. turned in B. turned out C. turned to D. turned up,1 【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listening carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解析】 学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。,2【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, become, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。,3 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. Aset out Btook over Ctook up Dset up 【误】 B 【正】 C 【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。 set out“出发， 开始”； take over“接收， 接管”； take up“拿起， 开始从事”； set up“设立， 竖立”。 根据题意选C。,1The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. Acarried Bdelivered Cpressed Dpacked 【解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。 句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。,2The new movie_ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time. Apromises Bagrees Cpretends Ddeclines 【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。 promise表示“允诺，答应”， “有的希望”的意思； agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。又如： The girl _ to be a good teacher if she is well trained in an art school. A. expects B. promises C. allows D. wishes,3 What the young man cant _ is that his mum always treats him like a baby. Asupport Bundertake Chold Dbear 【解析】 D 考查动词辨析。 A意为“支持”； B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。 4 We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. Aload Bhold Cfill Dsupport 【解析】 B 根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。,5. The film Avatar ( 阿凡达 ) will be on tonight but its at 1：30 am. I dont want to _ that late. Astay up Bshow off Cput up Dget off 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。根据题干意思选A。 stay up熬夜； show off炫耀，卖弄； put up举起，建起，张贴； get off下车，出发，脱掉。,6 How are you managing to do your business without a secretary? Well, I _ somehow. Aget along Bcare about Cwatch out Dset off 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。 get along(勉强)生活，工作下去； care about关注； watch out小心； set off出发。 7 Ive _ my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. Aforgot Bleft Cremained Dlost 【解析】 B 根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。,8Dont let yourself be _ into doing anything you dont want to do. Atold Bmade Ctalked Dasked 【答案】 C 9The designs of the few tools should be _ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job. Atried Bexamined Cexperimented Dexperienced 【答案】 B,10He cant be at home now, for I saw him _ in the gym just now. Agiving out Bworking out Ccarrying out Dbringing out 【解析】 B 本题考查短语辨析。give out用完，分发；work out解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。,11 So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me? Well，I kind of forgot to _， so well have to do French. Aconsult Border Creserve Dconfirm 【解析】 C 由答语的“so well have to do French”可以看出， 这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的