妇产科英文翻译

BOX 22-1 hormone荷尔蒙,激素 through the portal system门脉系统 to th e anterior较早的,以前的pituitary垂体 system. Secretion 分泌, 分泌物,分泌作用of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 促卵泡激素 by the anterior lobe裂片,凸起部,突齿,叶片 of the pituitary gland stimulates growth of follicles滤泡. Most follicles die, leaving one to mature into a large graafian follicle成熟卵泡. Estrogen雌激素produced by the follicle stimulates increased secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH) 促黄体生成素by the anteriorlobe of the pituitary gland. The follicle ruptures and releases an ovum卵, 卵子into the peritoneal cavity 腹腔. Luteal Phase黄体期The luteal phase begins with ovulation 排卵; 产卵作用. Body temperature drops and then rises by 0.5 to 1 Faround the time of ovulation. Corpus luteum 黄体is formed from follicle cells 滤泡细胞,卵泡细胞 that remain in the ovary卵巢 following ovulation. Corpus luteum secretes 分泌 estrogen雌激素 and progesterone 孕酮duringthe remaining 14 days of the cycle. Corpus luteum degenerates退化, 堕落 if the ovum卵, 卵子 is notfertilized 受精,and secretion of estrogen and progesterone declines. The decline of estrogen and progesterone stimulates the anterior pituitary垂体前 叶 to secrete more FSH and LH, initiating 开始a new reproductive cycle. me iiiciiiLi udi piidse i! ui t w o days ot bleeding as the endometrium 子宫内膜breaks down because of the decreased amount of estrogen and progesterone. The amount of FSH rises, enabling the beginning of anew cycle. Proliferative Phase增生期,增殖期The proliferative phase lasts about 9 days. Estrogen stimulates proliferation and growth of the endometrium. As estrogen increases, it suppresses secretion of FSH and increases secretion of LH. Secretion of LH stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum.Ovulation occurs between day 12 and day 16. Estrogen is high and progesterone is low. Secretory Phase The secretory phase lasts about 12 days. The secretory phase follows ovulation. This phase is initiated in response to the increaseinLH. Graafian follicle is replaced by corpus luteum. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for pregnancy should a fertilized ovum be implanted. Fetus is 8 cm in length.Fetus is 45 g. Face is well formedlimbs are long and slender. Kidneys begin to form urine.Spontaneous movements occur. Heartbeat is detected by Doppler transducer between 10 and 12 weeks. Sex is visually recognizable.Week 16 Active movements are present. Fetal skin is transparent. Lanugo hair begins to develop. Skeletal ossification occurs. Week 20Fetus is 19 cm in length. Fetus is 465 g. Lanugo covers the entire body. Fetus has nails. Muscles are developed. Enamel and dentin are depositing. Heartbeat is detected by regular (nonelectronic) fetoscope. Week 24Fetus is 28 cm in length. Fetus is 780 g. Hair on head is well formed. Skin is reddish and wrinkled. Reflex hand grasp functions. Vernix caseosa covers entire body. Fetus has ability to hear. Week 28Fetus is 38 cm in length. Fetus is 1200 g. Limbs are well flexed. Brain is developing rapidly. Eyelids open and close. Lungs are developed sufficiently to provide gas exchangi(lecithin forming). If born, neonate can breathe at this time. Week 32Fetus is 40 cm in length. Fetus is 2000 g. Bones are fully developed. Subcutaneous fat has collected. The L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) ratio is 1.2:1. Week 36 The fetus is 42 to 48 cm length. The fetus is 2500 g. The skin is pink and the body is rounded. The skin is less wrinkled. Lanugo is disappearing. The L/S ratio is greater than 2:1. Week 40 The fetus is 48 to 52 cm in length. The fetus is 3000 to 3600 g. The skin is pinkish and smooth. Lanugo is present on upper arms