专八人文练习：英国概况

英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(1) The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are _. A. London and Cambridge B. London and heart of England C. Manchester and Birmingham D. Edinburgh and Nottingham The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _ crosses. A. one B. two C. three D. four Which flower is symbol of England? A. Thistle B. Shamrock C. Daffodil D. Rose _ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A. Lough Neagh B. Windermere C. Lake District D. Coniston Water The first known settlers of Britain were the _. A. Iberians B. Beaker Folk C. Celts D. Anglo-Saxons Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. King Alfred C. King Ethelred D. Julius Caesar Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain? A. The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. B. The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries C. The Romans didnt like the Britons. D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. The Hundred Years war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 _ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. A. Dover B. Calais C. Southampton D. Portsmouth Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism? A. The Wars of the Roses B. The Hundred Years War C. The English Civil War D. World War I The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, is generally regarded as the beginning of modern _ history. A. European B. Scottish C. Welsh D. world 答案： B, 现在，英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇，诸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和 Reading 等等。 C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”） ，是由三个十字组成。 D, A，蓟是苏格兰的象征，用作苏格兰的国徽；B，三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花； C，黄水仙花是威尔士的国花；D，玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。 C, 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国 十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。 A, 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前 3000 年左右，也就是新石 器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。 D, 英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元 前 55 年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。 C, 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因 为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达 四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语 言和文化没有任何影响。 B, 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到 1453 年战争结束时， 只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。 A, 尽管玫瑰战争持续了 30 年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英 国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。 D, 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。 英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以， 从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(2) 1. _ is the home of golf. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland 2. Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Scotland? A. English B. Scottish C. Gaelic D. Denish 3. The election of _ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister. A. 1979 B. 1980 C. 1982 D. 1992 4. To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of _ A. the House Lord and the House of Commons B. the House and the Senate C. the Queen and the Hosue of Lords D. the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons 5. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by _ A. King Harold B. Robin Hood C. Oliver Cromwell D. William the Conqueror 6. There are _ state churches in Britain. A. two B. three C. four D. five 7. When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son_, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 8. _ birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood. A. The twenty-first B. The eighteenth C. The nineteenth D. The twentieth 9. Reuters was founded in _ A. 1715 B. 1751 C. 1851 D. 1815 10. What is (are) the nickname(s) of the U. S. A.? A. Uncle Sam B. Brother Jonathan C. Yankee D. All of the above 1. B. 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区 山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。 相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形 成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。 2. D. Gaelic 苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。 一直到 15 世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为苏格兰语 （盎格 鲁语：Scottish） 。 3. A. Margaret Thatcher 在 1979 年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。 4. D. 具体的说，英国的议会是由元首，上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权， 上议院由大法官（LordChancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和 世俗议员（the Lord Temporal）组成。下议院的成员是通过选举产生的 651 名议员,以 首相为首。 5. D. 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元 11 世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。 6. A 英国有两大国教： 在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公 会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领 土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见，英/女王是基 督教的保护者。 7. C. Oliver Cromwell 的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。 1660 年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子 Charle 二世当国王。 8. A. 在英国,21 岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为 21 岁是大人开始的年龄。 9. C. 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850 年由保罗 朱利叶斯路透 （pauljulius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851 年迁址到伦敦。创办 人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865 年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大 公司。 10. D. “山姆大叔”（Uncle Sam） ， “乔纳森大哥”和“扬基老 ”都是美国和美国人的绰号 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(3) 1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _. A. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade. B. Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport. C. British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected. D. British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. 2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power. A. queen B. monarch C. prime minister D. king 3.Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party 4. On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began. A. Constitutional Law B. The Declaration of Independence C. Civil Law D. Bill of Rights 5. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _. A. 1918 B. 1916 C. 1920 D. 1896 6.The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain. A. Australia B. Canada C. New Zealand D. India 7.During World War II, as a war leader, _ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945. A. Harold Wilson B. Edward Heath C. Franklin Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill 8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _. A. France B. New Zealand C. Argentina D. Australia 9.In Britain, a _ is held when member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns. A. civic election B. by-election C. popular election D. general election 10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Monarch C. the Prime Minister D. the King 1. D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家, 原因有很多。但英国是从 17 世纪以 后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。 2. B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。 3. A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党， 它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级 和知识分子。 4. D, 权利法案的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实 质性权力并受制于议会的时代。 5. A, 直到 1918 年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。 6. B, 1867 年英国北美法案将加拿大纳为它的自治领土。 7. D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥 戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。 8. C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰 群岛从 1892 年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982 年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最 终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。 9. B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。 10. C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(4) 1. How many members are there in the House ofCommons? A. 650 B. 524 C. 72 D. 651 2. Which of the following people didnt use to be theBritish Prime Minister? A. Margaret Thatcher B. Winston Churchill C. Horatio Nelson D. John Major 3. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the So vereign in theUnited Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of appeal D. Speaker of the House 4. The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname t oday. A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party 5. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in t he House ofCommons becomes the official Opposition. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A. political B. educational C. military D. economic 7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A. globalization B. nationalization C. privatization D. competition 8. Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A. coal mining B. iron and steel C. textiles D. shipbuilding 9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century,and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the desi gn in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwrightthe 10. _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to tradeunionism. A. The Chartist Movement B. The Industrial Revolution C. The French Revolution D. The Glorious Revolution 1. D, 下议院共有 651 名议员。 2. C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805 ），英国 海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战 中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 ViscountNelson。 3. A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些 领导人担任各部部长职位。 4. B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 5. B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内 阁（shadowcabinet）。 6. D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7. C, 正如 20 世纪 40 年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20 世纪 80 年代被看作是私有 化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎 40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。 8. A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿 业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。 9. B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在 17 世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦 特在 1765 年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织 和其他机械业中。 10. B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(5) 1. _ is the key to Industrial Revolution. A. Iron B. Cotton Textile C. Coal mining D. Steamengine 2. _ became a literary current during the periodof the successful Industrial Revolution. A. Criticism B. Modernism C. Romanticism D.Renaissance 3. Modern football game began in _. A. China B. France C. England D. Germany 4. _ is the leader of the British government. A. Prime Minister B. Queen C. President D. Governor 5. The second largest city in England, _, is a metropolitan district and an industrial andmanufacturing city. A. Edinburgh B. Belfast C. Glasgow D. Birmingham 6. _ introduced Christianity into Britain. A. The Celts B. The Romans C. The Viking Danes D. The French 7. The real power of the British government lies in _. A. the House of Commons B. the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C. the Prime Minister Dthe Queen 8. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _ to _. A. 5, 14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6, 14 9. The longest river in Britain is _, and the largest river in the USA is _ _. A. the Seven River; the Missouri River B. the Thames River; the Missouri Rive r C. the SevernRiver; the Mississippi D the Thames River; the Ohio River 10. The general election in Britain is held every _ years. A. four B. three C. six D. five 1. B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。 2. C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。 3. C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19 世纪兴起。 4. A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。 5. D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业 和制造业中心。 6. B, 公元 43 年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了 400 多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗 马人传入英国的。 7. B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相 率领。 8. C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是 5-16 岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低 年限。目前，越来越多的儿童在叁、四岁时上幼儿园，而年满十六岁的青少年继续求学的 人数也在逐年上升。教育机构的数目随之骤增，以满足人们求学的需求。 9. C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长 355 公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长 4000 公里左右。 10. D, 英国大选每 5 年举行一次。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(6) 1. _ is the key to Industrial Revolution. A. Iron B. Cotton Textile C. Coal mining D. Steamengine 2. _ became a literary current during the periodof the successful Industrial Revolution. A. Criticism B. Modernism C. Romanticism D.Renaissance 3. Modern football game began in _. A. China B. France C. England D. Germany 4. _ is the leader of the British government. A. Prime Minister B. Queen C. President D. Governor 5. The second largest city in England, _, is a metropolitan district and an industrial andmanufacturing city. A. Edinburgh B. Belfast C. Glasgow D. Birmingham 6. _ introduced Christianity into Britain. A. The Celts B. The Romans C. The Viking Danes D. The French 7. The real power of the British government lies in _. A. the House of Commons B. the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C. the Prime Minister Dthe Queen 8. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _ to _. A. 5, 14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6, 14 9. The longest river in Britain is _, and the largest river in the USA is _ _. A. the Seven River; the Missouri River B. the Thames River; the Missouri Rive r C. the SevernRiver; the Mississippi D the Thames River; the Ohio River 10. The general election in Britain is held every _ years. A. four B. three C. six D. five 1. B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。 2. C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。 3. C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19 世纪兴起。 4. A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。 5. D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业 和制造业中心。 6. B, 公元 43 年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了 400 多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗 马人传入英国的。 7. B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相 率领。 8. C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是 5-16 岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低 年限。目前，越来越多的儿童在叁、四岁时上幼儿园，而年满十六岁的青少年继续求学的 人数也在逐年上升。教育机构的数目随之骤增，以满足人们求学的需求。 9. C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长 355 公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长 4000 公里左右。 10. D, 英国大选每 5 年举行一次。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(7) 1. Which of the following is the British oldest dailynewspaper? A. The Telegraph B. The Guardian C. The News ofthe World D. The Times 2. The river Thames is in _. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England D. Northern Ireland 3. The Industrial Revolution started in _. A. the Great Britain B. the United States C. Canada D. Australia 4. Which of the following is true under Thatchers administration? A. The proportion of owner- occupation decreased. B. Public housing became more important. C.Many pub lic houses were sold to people. D. The UK became more European- like in its housingarrangement. 5. Britain has its nuclear naval force since _. A. its one of the developed countries in the world B. its a traditional sea pow er C. it has anadvanced industry D its able to produce submarines 6. Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Financial Times 7. Big Ben was named after _. A. Christopher Wren B. Benjamin Hall C. Ben John D. G. Stephenson 8. The Capital of Wales is _. A. Swansea B. Cardiff C. Rhonda D. Belfast 9. _ is Englands biggest naval base. A. Portsmouth B. Southampton C. Plymouth D. Dover 10. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party an d _. A. the Liberal Party B. the Democratic Party C. the Labour Party D. the Republ ican Party 1. D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是 泰晤士报。 2. C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。 3. A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。 4. C, 1979 年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其 内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市 场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的 计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。 5. B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。 6. C, 观察家报创刊于 1791 年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。 7. B, 据说 Big Ben 得名于它在 1859 年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。 8. B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。 9. A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。 10. C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。 英语专业八级人文知识练习:英国概况(8) 1. Which name is NOT related to Britain? A. Northern Ireland B. Scotland C. Wales D. Toronto 2. The news agency Reuters was founded in _. A. London B. Birmingham C. Liverpool D. Manchester 3. The tower of London, a historical sight, located inthe center of London, was built by _. A. King Harold B. Robin Hood C. Oliver Cromwell D. William the Conqueror 4. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A. The Anglo-Saxon B. The Normans C. The Vikings D. The Romans 5. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester 6. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _. A. can legally receive completely free education B. can legally receive partly fr ee education C.cannot receive free education at all D cannot receive free educ ation of their parents are rich 7. The Industrial Revolution started in _. A. the Great Britain B. the United States C. Canada D. Australia 8. What is the name of Britains highest mountain? A. Anne Boleyn B. Ben Nevis C. Snowdonia D. Scafell 9. Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? A. Great Britain B. The British Isles C. The United Kingdom D. England 10. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _. A. the North-West slowly rising and the South- East slowly sinking B. the North-East slowlyrising and the South- West slowly sinking C. the South-East slowly rising and the North- westslowly sinking D. the South-West slowly rising and the North- East slowly s