英汉对比总题库

1英汉对比一、 填空题（10/5）1、下列诗句中填空处是那种花？深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种( )；黄鹤楼中吹玉笛，江城五月落（ ） 。荷花；梅花2、我国十大名花:梅花、牡丹、菊花、 （） 、月季花、 （） 、山茶、荷花、水仙、桂花。兰花；杜鹃3、加拿大的枫糖节英文翻译：( )Maple Sugar Festival4、在圣经中苹果象征（）和（） 。诱惑；原罪5、我国的国花：（）并写出相关花的诗句（）梅花；宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来二、 英汉短语互译（20/5）有关动物的习语1、a cock-and-bull story( )形容荒诞的故事2、horse sense( )常识3、horse apple( )废话4、a snake in ones bosom( )恩将仇报的人5、as blind as a bat( )有眼无珠委婉语屠户( )meat technologist贫民区（ ）substandard housing窃听（ ）intelligence gathering2暗杀（ ）liquidation穷人（ ）the underprivileged三、英汉互译句子（40/8）(用名词代替动词)1、我认识的人中她最会记仇了。She is the best hater Ive ever known.2、他能吃能睡。He is a good eater and a good sleeper.（当不便使用被动式时，汉语中可采用某些转化式来表达被动意义）3、These questions should not be confused.不要把这些问题混在一起。4、She is intoxicated by sweet words.她被花言巧语所陶醉。（当然被动句）5、昨晚我盖了两条被子。Last night I was covered up with two quilts.6、Two persons rode one horse.一匹马骑两个人。 （不能说一匹马被两个人骑）（ 英语中的“变态”意合法）7、谋事在人，成事在天。Man proposes,God disposes.8、No discord,no concord.不打不相识。三、 单词与短语互换（10/5） （名词+介词的弱式短语）1、 beyond the shadow of a doubt=( )certain32、 due to the fact that=( )because3、 arouse=( )give rise to4、 finish=( )bring to a conclusion5、 consider=( )take into consideration一、选词填空（1）英译汉时常常要破句重组，化繁为简；汉译英要化简为繁，组合成复合句或长句。（2）英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态；汉语倾向于多用动词，因而叙述呈动态。（3）英语造句主要采用“楼房建筑法” ；汉语造句主要采用“流水记事法” 。二、英汉互译（1）看树看果实，看人看作为。A tree is known by its fruit, and a man is known by his actions.（2）不到黄河心不死。Until all is over, ambition never dies.（3）欲盖弥彰。The more one tries to hide, the more one is exposed.（4）Roofs require special consideration to ensure adequate durability in relation to the exposure to the sun and rain.屋顶需要加以特别考虑，以确保经受日晒雨淋。（5）Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。4（6）Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers. Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the youngsters.横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。翻译题1.晒太阳（to bask in the sun）To sun ones clothes (晒衣服)2.鸡不吃了A：chicken serve as a subject （The chicken has stopped eating.)B：chicken serve as a object(I wont eat anymore chicken.)选择题1.汉语的意合使汉语更为含蓄简约，根据所学选出已下不属于汉语意合法的手段：（C）A.语序B.反复，排比，对偶，对照C.使用介词D.紧缩句2.在我国汉文化中，被并称为四灵的是（C）A.龙，凤，凰，蛟5B.青龙，白虎，朱雀，玄武C.龙，凤，龟，麟D.睚眦，貔貅，鸱吻，孚贝简答题1.Talking about three kind of animals which have different meanings in Chinese culture and western world.(100 words)Write down at least 3 piece of idioms or phrases about dog.(3points )He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运儿。lead a dogs life 过穷困潦倒的日子not have a dogs chance 毫无机会top dog 当权派；头儿treat sb. like a dog 不把某人当人看a hunting dog 猎犬a lazy dog懒汉Write down at least 2 kind of meanings of Chinese lotus.(2points)1. 暗含着青年男女之爱2. 代表着无私奉献，花之君子63. 象征祥瑞4. 同时也是佛教的圣物Translation 英汉互译(each one for 2points)我恨死你了。 I hate you with all my soul.他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，背井离乡。 He had to quit the position and went in exile , having been deprived of his power.他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下，老是宁静不下来 。 His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.No a finger did I lay on him. 我从没有指责过他。Out of the question. 不可能。翻译下列句子并说明所运用到的英汉对比知识1.He is a man above vulgar interests.答案：他是个脱离低级趣味的人。2.Tom drew his knife on the robber.答案：汤姆拔刀向那个强盗砍去。运用知识：答案：英语常用介词，汉语少用介词。英译汉时，英语介词常译成汉语的动词。1.他出国留学去了。答案：He has gone abroad for further studies.2.我介绍他加入协会。答案：I recommended him for membership of the association.运用知识：7答案：汉语偏动，英语偏静，故把动态的动词译成介词。英语重视结构语法，不会动词连用，聚集，汉语则流散，谓语动词很随意。One: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.(thirty percent )1. What are synthetic languages? How are they characterized? 运用形态变化来表示语法关系的语言。 构词形态（大量的前缀，后缀以及词形变化） ；构形形态2. What are analytical languages? How are they characterized?不用形态变化而用词序及虚词来表达语法关系的语言。词序灵活（倒置现象比较多） ；连接词运用丰富；有大量的虚词3. Why English is called compact language while Chinese diffuse one?英语有许多聚集句子的手段，同时句子成分之间或词语之间必须在人称、数、性和意义等方面保持主谓一致的关系；汉语不受形态拘束，没有主谓形式协调一致的关系，同时主谓结构具有多样性、复杂性和灵活性4. What is the definition in Chinese of hypotaxis? What is the definition in Chinese of parataxis?形和指的是句子词语或分句之间用语言形式手段连接起来，表示语法意义和逻辑关系；意合指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，通过词语或句子的含义表达语法意义和逻辑关系。5. What is end open? What is front open?定语修饰语可以后置，由有关系连接词与被修饰语连接，句子可以不断向句尾扩展、延伸的现象；定语修饰语一般前置，一个单词所能承受的修饰语是很有限的，向后延伸就会显得负荷过重的现象。（ 备 用 题 ）6. How will the problem be solved in Chinese that an agent of action is unknown or absent?采用泛称，隐称或无人称7. “It” can be used as subject, what other functions can “it” have?先行词、虚义词、强调词7. Why stative expressions occur more in English than in Chinese?（答对 3 点可给满分）名词化在英语中很常见；名词表示施事者，以代替动词；名词代替形容词，构成标题式短语；名词优势造成介词优势；动词弱化与虚化；用形容词或副词表达动词意义8. Why dynamic expressions are more used in Chinese language?动词连用；动词可充当句子各种成分；动词常常重复或重叠9. How many styles are there in English euphemism? What are they？3 官方委婉语，职业委婉语，学校委婉语8Two: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the conversion of part of speeches between verb, noun, preposition, adjective and adver . Try to make your translation brief. (twenty percent)1. 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。What is right is right, what is wrong is wrong, no matter he is a Chinese or foreigner, dead or alive.2. 全国到处都在兴建工厂。Factories have been built everywhere.3. 我突然想到一个好主意。A good idea occur to me suddenly.简答题例题：请说出英语中通过那些手法达到形合、汉语中通过哪些手法达到意合，并简要说出各手法的内容。 （10 分，英汉两部分各 5 分）答：形合：1、关系词和连接词的使用，关系词用来连接主句和定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句， ，连接词用来连接词、词组、分句或状语从句。2、介词的使用，介词包括简单介词、合成介词和成语介词，是连接词、语或从句的重要手段。3、形态变化，包括词缀变化和性、数、格、时、体、语态、语气、人称、比较级等的变化以及保持前后一致的关系；代词的广泛使用；“it”和“there”做替补词起连接作用。意合：1、通过语序表现语义，汉语的许多主从复句，虽然不用关联词，形式类似并列复句，但分句含义却有主次。2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等句式的使用，这些句式整齐、匀称，往往不用关联词。3、紧缩句的使用，这类意合句式是由复句紧缩而成。4、四字格的使用，四字格往往历经锤炼，言简意赅。一一 单项选择题例题：1.以下四种语言哪个是分析语？（）A.汉语 B.现代英语 C.拉丁语 D.德语Ans：A2.Not a finger did I lay on him.这句话运用了（）A.衔接倒装 B.点题倒装 C.否定倒装 D.平衡倒装Ans：C9二翻译题（英译汉，汉译英）例题：1. 他能吃能睡。Ans：He is a good eater and a good sleeper.2. 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。Ans: Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.3.Im wiser than to believe what you call money talks.Ans:我才不至于蠢到竟然相信你说的金钱万能呢。4.Life is far from being a bed of roses.Ans:生活远非尽乐事。三对应概念连线题例题：委婉语连线(1)Lies a. Needs help in learning to adhere to rules and standards of fair play.(2)Cheats b. Has qualities of leadership but needs help in learning to use them democratically.(3)Steals c. Shows difficulty in distinguishing between imaginary and factual material.(4)Is a bully d. Needs help in learning to respect the property rights of others.Ans.(1)c (2)a (3)d (4)b四下面给出几个有歧义的短语，请用英文把它表达出的两个意思分别解释清楚。例题：1. a small car factory:Ans:(1)a factory of small cars (2)a small dfactory of cars2.British history teachers:10Ans:(1)teachers of British history(2)British teachers of history 1Answer the following questions in English briefly with examples( 10)1)Why is English hypotactic(形合） while Chinese paratactic（意合）