2018届高三英语暑假一轮复习基础知识自测Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld课件新人教版.pptx

1、Unit1 Festivals around the world,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. _hvist vt 流泪,harvest,starve,independent,agricultural,admire,drown,wipe,Christian,weep,belief,11. _ fgivvt .原谅;饶恕 12. _ rilids adj.宗教上的;虔诚的 13. _ 、endetik adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的 14. _ bvisadj.显而易见的 15. _ 、selibrein n.庆祝;庆贺 16. _ nsistn.祖先;祖

2、宗 17. _ kstmn.习惯;风俗 18. _ nisesiti n.必要性;需要 19. _ pridiknn.预言;预报; 20. _ nunsn.广播员;报幕员,announcer,forgive,religious,energetic,obvious,celebration,ancestor,custom,necessity,prediction,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，以及首字母的提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。 1. What do you hope to g_ from the course? 2. Missing a meal once in a while

3、never did anyone any h_. 3. On a_ at the police station, they were taken to an interview room. (到达) 4. Jack has passed his examination, so were going out to c_. 5. Whole communities s_ to death during the long drought. (饿死),starved,gain,harm,arrival,celebrate,6. Her unhappy childhood was the o_ of h

4、er problems later in life. 7. The school is widely a_ for its excellent teaching. 8. A crowd g_ to see what had happened. 9. In my village, it is the c_ for a girl to take her mothers name 10. Shes dreaming shell meet a tall, dark, h_ man by chance in the street.,handsome,origin,admired,gathered,cus

5、tom,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The children were wearing traditional _ dress. (nation) 2. Mexico gained its _ from Spain in l821. (depend) 3. A local poor peasant _ the soldiers through the forest. (leader) 4. There is no doubt that the basic needs of the people should be _ first. (satisfy) 5. The co

6、untrys economy is mainly _ and depends on crops like coffee. (agriculture),national,independence,led,satisfied,agricultural,6. Most British schools organize _ events for the students. (society) 7. I tried aerobics (有氧运动) but it was too _ for me. (energy) 8. Hes deeply _ and goes to church twice a we

7、ek. (religion) 9. I hate the smell of paint when Im _. (decorate) 10. You were _ enough to believe him. (fool),social,energetic,religious,decorating,foolish,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. _ 发生，举行 2. _ 节日和庆祝活动 3. _ 为了纪念 4. _ 以形式 5. _ 打扮 6. _ 开玩笑，恶作剧 7. _ 用装饰 8. _ 聚集在一起 9. _ 盼望，期待 10. _ 日日夜夜,take place,fe

8、stivals and celebrations,in memory of,in the shape of,dress up,play a trick on,decorate with ,get together,look forward to,day and night,11. _ as though 12. _ have fun with 13. _ be proud of 14. _ turn up 15. _ keep ones word 16. _ hold ones breath 17. _ get married to 18. _ set off 19. _ remind of

9、20. _ throw away,扔掉,好像,玩得开心,为骄傲,出现，露面,遵守诺言,屏息,与某人结婚,出发，动身,提醒某人某事,五、词组运用 据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1. You dont need to _, just to go to the pub jeans and a T-shirt will do. 2. The police may never discover what _ that night, because Mr Smith, the only eyewitness, died last night. 3. Mom, don

10、t worry about me. I am _ other boys. 4. Luckily, help arrived _ a police officer. 5. Its acceptable to _ your friends on April 1st.,play tricks on,dress up,took place,having fun with,in the shape of,6. The government set up a monument _ the heroes who died in the war. 7. Im _ hearing from you. 8. He

11、 behaved _ he hadnt known anything about it. 9. Those workers worked _ to finish the task. 10. _ and count 1 to 10.,hold your breath,in memory of,looking forward to,as though,day and night,Language Data Bank,长句难句： （supplementary reference materials） 一补充注释 1 . At that time people would starve if food

12、 was difficult to find，especially during the clod winter months .在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。,Starve (v.) 1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数百万人挨饿至死。,starve for sth ; starve sb of sth: ( cause sb to

13、) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children were starved for love .这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。,3）to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态 When will dinner be ready ? Im starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。,starvation (n.) :(U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨饿；饿死 die

14、 of starvation 饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资,2. or satisfy the ancestors , who could return either to help or to do harm. 或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也可能带来危害。 harm (n.): damage, injury 损害； 伤害,do harm to sb (习俗) = harm sb 伤害某人 come to harm: be injured physically , mentally or morally 身体上精神上或道义上受

15、到损害，通常用于否定式 Ill go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. 我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。,do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利 If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能是弊大于利。,harm (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth) 损害或伤害某人/某事物 T

16、his event didnt harm his reputation. 这个事件没有损害他的名誉。 Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。,origin (n.) : the place or situation in which something begins to exist 起源；由来，可用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作复数形式 The tradition has its origi

17、ns in the Middle Ages . 这个传统发源于中世纪。,He told me it was a word of unknown origin. 他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。 belief (n.): an idea that you believe to be true, especially one that forms part of a system of ideas 信任；信心；信仰。注意： belief 通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时,religious beliefs 宗教信仰 Several members hold very s

18、trong political beliefs. 有些成员有着强烈的政治理念。 It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。,dress (v.): to put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣服。可作及物或不及物动词。 dress up 是动词词组, 意思使是 to wear special clothes for

19、fun, or to put special clothes on someone,dress (n.) 1) C garment for a woman or girl , consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece ; frock 连衣裙,(上下连身的)女装 She makes all the dresses for her daughter. 她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。 2) U clothes, esp. outer garments, for either men or women 衣服（男女均可） casual dress 便服,Ex

20、planation,1. Festival are meant to celebrate important times of year.,mean 的用法,1). mean doing sth. mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。,2). mean to do sth. mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。 3). mean sb. to do sth. mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是“打算让某人做某事”，也可

21、以用于被动结构。,4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句 mean 后接名词或副词，意为“表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 从句，意为“表示”。 5). be meant for 该短语的意思是“打算给予；打算作用”。,In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting,句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。,A,想一想,2. Discuss when they take place, what

22、 they celebrate and what people do at that time. 讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，和人们在那天所做的事。,take place 发生；举行, The performance didnt take place after all. 演出终于没有进行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？,与place相关短语：,Great changes _ in the rural areas in the last two deca

23、des. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening,A,take place 不能用于被动语态中，句中短语 in the last two decades 可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。,大家注意了！,3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere.,of all kinds 各种各样的,【归纳】, That kind of question is very difficult to answer

24、. = Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. 那类问题是很难解答的。, We sell all kinds of shoes. = We sell shoes of all kinds. 我们卖各式各样的鞋。 You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。,Practice, Books of this kind _ (sell) well i

25、n the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell) well in the bookstore. 句中谓语动词的单复数由“books”确定。句中的谓语动词由“kind”确定。,（用动词的适当形式填空）,sell,sells,4. would starve if food was difficult to find, . 如果食物难找到, 他们会挨饿。 starve v. 挨饿; 饿死,He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。 starve to death 饿死,5. o

26、rigin origin n. 起源；源头 the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源。,6. in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人 The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立的。,7. dress up dress作及物动词时, 不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词或代词, 意思是“给穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词, 如：,Wake up children and

27、dress them. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。 dress的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与be dressed短语, 前者表示 动态, 后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服, 则用介词in. 如：,Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。 dress up是“穿上最好的衣服”, 常指 “打扮,化装”，如: You should dress up when you take part in the party.,She is _ in red today and looks ver

28、y beautiful. A. wearing B. having on C. dressing D. dressed,D. dressed,8. awards award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物,辨析: award 和reward： award后接双宾语 award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章 reward 奖赏, 给报酬, 不能接双宾语; reward sb. for sth. 因 奖赏某人； reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人,用力想啊！,She rewarded herself with a cu

29、p of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 一上午的刻苦学习后, 她冲一杯咖啡来奖赏自己。,9. admire admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖”,注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.” We all admire him for his courage and bravery.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。,10. look forward to look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。,Boys and

30、girls are looking forward to Spring Festival. 孩子们渴盼着过年。 Hes looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。,11. as though,as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。,(1) 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语

31、和to be一起省去。,He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。 (2) 引导表语从句 It looks as if its going to rain 看样子天要下雨了。,as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。,12. have fun with have f

32、un意为“过得快乐”同义词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth.,1. But she didnt turn up. 1) 来, 出席(某活动) Im very happy you turned up so early. 2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.,Language points,turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果是. turn to sb. for help 向某人求助,相关短语:,Turn up th

33、e radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.,2. She said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word. keep ones word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break ones word, 即“失信”。 He is a man who always keeps his word.,Dont break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you. 注意：keep ones w

34、ord和break ones word中的名词word不能用复数形式。,相关短语：,in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之,have a word with sb. 与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人发生口角 in other words 换句话说,A gentleman should always _ his _. A. keeps; word B. keep; word C. keeps; words D. keep; words,B,3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee

35、 shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. obvious adj. 1) obvious + to + 表示人的名词或代词 Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.,明显的， 清楚的,2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger. 辨析： obvious/apparent/clear obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 It is obvious that you are wrong.

36、,2) apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。 It was apparent from his face that he was lying. 3) clear 作“明白的，清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 He seems clear about his plans.,4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she . marry 的用法： 1) 她嫁给了一个律师。 She married with a lawyer.

37、She married a doctor.,T,F,表示“和.结婚”，“嫁.”，“娶.”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb. 2) 她和一位律师结婚了。 She got married with a lawyer. She got married a lawyer. She was married to a lawyer.,F,F,T,表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with. 3) 他们结婚三年了。 They have married for three years. They have got married for thre

38、e years. They have been married for three years.,They got married three years ago. Its three years since they got married. 注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。,5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought. set off: Tom and his father set off for A

39、merica yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd.,动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力,A woman beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery. 相关短语： set about doing sth. 着手（做某事） set in 开始 set up 建立，创立 set down 写下，记下,set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态 6. I dont w

40、ant them to remind me of her. remind vi. remind sb. of sth.,提醒，使想起,What you said just now _ me of that American professor. A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized,remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that,C,情态动词用法,情态动词的语法特征,1）情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought 和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。,2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如ca

41、n、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。,3）情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,1) can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话的推测事物的可能性等: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许: eg. Can I sit here?,can 和could：,2) could的主要用法是： A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和

42、推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:,eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 eg. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.,may 和might ： may 常用来表示： A.

43、 表示请求、允许;比can较为正式: eg. May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may 的可能性比can 高，may 表示现实的可能性，can 表示理论上的可能性。如：,The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocke

44、d. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？,C. 表示祝愿;但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。,除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以用was( were) allowed to 或者 had

45、permission to 。 表示现在的可能，其可能性要比 may 小。如：,She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可, 语气比may 较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？,will和would：,1. will是助动词或是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉

46、你一些重要的事。 （助动词）,Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 eg: If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?,Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？ 3. would比will客气委婉。 eg: Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？,（表请求）,Id go ther

47、e with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。,（表意愿）,（表许可）,shall和should：,1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）,Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once.

48、 我必须立即去。 （表 “决心”，情态动词）,2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should+ have+过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。,must和 haveto,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”, MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes, you

49、must. No,youneednt.,I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,Youmustbethenewteacher. Hemustbejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveall gonehome.,3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定”

50、，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done,He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.,4. must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情,-_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt,B,Practice,2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may,D,3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C