数词及其用法.ppt

1、数词及其用法,数词的分类:,主要分为基数词和序数词 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词 表示顺序的数词叫序数词,基数词:,A从1-10 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten B从 11-19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen 这里除 eleven， twelve， thirteen， fifteen， eighteen为特殊形式外 ,其余都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成 .,C从 21-99 整数几十中除

2、twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符- 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D百位数 个数基数词后加“hundred”，表示几百;在几十几与百位间加上and 200 two hundred 101 a/one hundred and one , 320 three hundred and twenty , 648 six hundred and forty-eight,E千位数以上,从数字的右端向左端数

3、起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 billion ,然后一节一节分别表示。 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and

4、 thirty-four,2,648,16,250,064,5,237,166,234,基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： dozen(12)、score(20)、hundred、thousand、million 、billion等在表确切的数字时只用单数形式，但是在表示不确切数字时要用复数，且与of 短语连用。如： 确数: two dozen eggs, three score days, six thousand people 概数: hundreds of , dozens of , thousands of, 叠用: tens of thousands of, hundred

5、s of thousands of, thousands and thousands of,b.在一些固定的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。 sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 c. 表示几十岁；in ones thirties d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数；in the 1980s e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.,基数词的句法功能,基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语 1.The two happily

6、 opened the box 2.I need three altogether 3.Four students are playing volleyball outside. 4.We are sixteen 5.They three tried to finish the task before sunset,(作主语）,（作宾语）,（作定语）,（作同 位语）,（作表语）,序数词的主要形式：,A从第一至第十九 one- first， two- second， three- third， five- fifth，eight-eighth，nine-ninth，twelve- twelfth

7、为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six- sixth、nineteen- nineteenth B从第二十至第九十九 整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。 twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九,C第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。 one h

8、undredth第一百 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D序数词的缩写形式 有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first-lst second-2nd third-3rd fourth-4th sixth-6th twentieth-20th twenty-third- 23rd 其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th,序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示再-

9、，又-。 Well go over it a second time Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time? 表示日期用序数词 May 5 五月五日（读作May fifth）,也可以表示为the fifth（5th）of May,序数词的句法功能,序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 The second is what I really need He choose the second We are to carry out the first plan She is the second in our class,

10、（作主语）,（作宾语）,（作定语）,（作表语）,序号表示法,（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number, 简写为No.。如：No.1第一号 （2）事物名词的序号表达法有所不同： 对于一些小序号用序数词也可用基数词表达， 形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。如：the First World War或World War One, Lesson 8 =the eighth lesson 对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法， 即名词 + 基数词。 如：Room 501, Bus 538。 可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。 如：a No.5 bus

11、 the No.8 bus,分数表示法,分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。 基数词作分子，序数词作分母，分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式。 3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1/2 a half 1 1/2 one and a half 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter,百分数用基数percent表示 50 fifty perce

12、nt3 three percent 分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式： 分数/百分数 of + the /these/those/my+ 名词 / 代词, 其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如： Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. Seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. One third of the students are from the town.,分数的其它表达形式：,分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数

13、词。 如：one in ten 十分之一， five in eight八分之五。 分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。 如：one out of ten十分之一， five out of eight八分之五,小数表示法,小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或o，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读. 0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点

14、二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点 六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三,倍数的表达方式,once, twice, three times, four times （1）倍数+as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as+比较对象。 如：They have three times as many cows as we do. （2）倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+ than +比较对象 或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如： This rope is four times longer than that one. They pr

15、oduced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice. The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. （3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the +size / length / weight + of + 表示比较对象的名词， This room is three times the size of that one. (4)也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如： The college is twice what it

16、 was 5 years age.,大约数的表示方法,（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。 （2）用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。 He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours. （3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超 过或多于某个数目。如： Pe

17、king University has a history of more than 100 years. （4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。 About 50 people were present at that time. （5）用to、from to、between and表示介于两数词。如： His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.,加减乘除表示法,1. 加用plus，and或add表示；等于用is，make，equal等词表示。

18、2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five Two and three is equal to five Two and three make five Two added to three equals five If we add two to/and three, we get five,2. 减用 minus或 take from表示 106?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four Take six from ten an

19、d the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four 十减去六等于四,3. “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示 3X4? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve Three fours is/are twelve Multiply three by four，and we get twelve Three multiplied by four makes twelve 三乘以四等于十二,4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 1

20、64=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 1644 Sixteen divided by four is four Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four If you divide 16 by 4, you get 4. 十六除以四等于四。,三、时间表示法 1、钟点 1）正读法按时间表上的数字读；先读钟点数，后读分钟数。如： 10：20ten twenty / 8：36eight thirty-six 2）表示几点过几分，用介词past，多用在半小时以内（包括半小时）。分钟数在介词的前面，时钟数

21、在介词的后面，采用倒读法。如： 9：30half past nine / 7：05five past seven 3）表示几点差几分，用介词to，多用在半小时以上（不包括半小时）。也用倒读法。如： 8：50ten to nine / 11：45a quarter to twelve 4）表示整点 8：00eight(oclock) 5）表示在某个钟点，用介词at。如： They begin to work at half past seven. （他们七点半开始工作。）,2、日期 1）年代用基数词，在某年要用介词in。如： He was born in 1983. （1983读成ninetee

22、n eighty-three） 2）月份首字母要大写，在某月也用介词in，如果有年代出现，在月份名后加年代，中间用逗号。如： It happened in January, 1999. （这事发生在1999年1月。） 3）日期用序数词（序数词前加the），在某日用介词on。如： on the first ;on the eighteenth,4）月日同时出现时可有两种表示法： 英国说法：顺序为先日后月。如： 4(th) May（五月四日 读成 the fourth of May） 美国说法：顺序为先月后日。如： May 4(th)（五月四日 读成 May the fourth） 表示在某月某日

23、，不管用在前还是在后，都用介词on。如： The meeting will be held on March 9(th). Well leave for Shanghai on 8th June. 5)年月日同时出现时，年代位于最后，其前加逗号。如： Mary was born on January lst, 1990. 6)表示“在几十年代”用 in + the + 逢十的数词复数。如： in the 1990s / 90s / nineties,3、年龄 1）用基数词表示年龄。如： He is ten (years old). The baby is one year old. 2)表示“

24、在某人的几十岁”时，可用介词 in + ones + 整十位数的复数形式。如： She is still in her twenties. （她才二十几岁。） 3）表示“一个九岁的男孩”，可以有多种表达法： a boy of nine, a boy of nine years old, a boy of nine years of age, a nine-year-old boy 注意：与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数。如： a three-month-old baby, a five-year plan,1._ people in the world are sending inform

25、ation by E-mail every day. A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million 2. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A.were ; was B.was ; was C.was ; were D.were ; were,A/D,C,3. Shortly after the accident, two _ police were sent

26、 to the sport to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozen of 4. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 5. It is said that the mountain is about _ high, through which the peasants dug a hole _ d

27、eep. A. 400 foot/six hundreds metres B. 400 foots/six hundred metres C. 400 feets/six - hundred - metre D. 400 feet/six- hundred metres,C,C,D,6. _ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. A. The hundredth B. The hundred C. Hundredth D. A hundredth 7. The hero of the story is

28、 an artist in his _. A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirtys D. thirties 8. I have to write a _ composition every other week. A. two - thousand - word B. two - thousands - word C. two - thousand - words D. two - thousands - words,A,D,A,9.The Yellow River is _ river in China. Hainan is _ island. A. second

29、longest/ second Chinas largest B. the second longest /Chinas second largest C. second the longest/ Chinas the second largest D. a second longest/ the Chinas second largest 10. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles. A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of

30、C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as,B,B,2. They received _ of letters about their TV programs. a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens 3. Who is that man,_ in the front row? a. one b. the one c. first d. the first 4. We have produced _ this year as we did in 1993. a. as muc

31、h cotton twice b. as twice much cotton c. much as twice cotton d. twice as much cotton 5. The earth is about _ as the moon. a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big,6. The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years. a. more than doubl

32、ed b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled than 7. The moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth. a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large 8. Five hundred yuan a month _ enough to live on. a. is b. are c. is being d. has bee

33、n 9. _ of the buildings were ruined. a. Three fourth b. Three four c. Three-fourths d. Three-four 10. Consult _ for questions about earthquakes. a. the six index b. index six c. sixth index d. index numbering six,11. She went to the countryside _. a. in the morning at nine/on June first,1968 b. on J

34、une first,1968/in the morning at nine c. at nine in the morning/on June first,1968 d. on June first,1968/at nine in the morning 12. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. a. are b. is c. were d. be 13.This month the production of stainless steel in our steelworks has increas

35、ed _ 2,000 tons. a. with b. in c. on d. by 14. With the miniaturization of the structural components the weight of these electric devices has decreased _ 30 percent. a. as b. with c. in d. by 15.The Olympic Games are held _. a. every four years b. every four year c. every fourth years d. every four-years,16. As he is not in good health, he g