module_8_新编剑桥商务英语(初级)第三版

1、module 8,business topic: manufacturing processes graffiti a problem? just wash it the passive supply and demand/production philosophy just-in-time (jit) business skills: problems ad solutions solving problems use a smart lid when and if collocations(词语搭配) with problems weve got a problem (case pract

2、ice),p76 read the article,the name of the company what kind of products the company makes who uses the products,hubdean graffiti resistant paints, and anti-graffiti treatment local councils and private companies all over uk,passive,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者 some new computers were stol

3、en last night. this machine was made in germany. the company was established in 1950. eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. this book was published last year. the window was broken.,不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态,appear/disappear die end fail happen last 持续 lie remain sit,spread stand break out 突发，爆发 c

4、ome true 成真 fall asleep keep silence lose heart 失去勇气，丧失信心 take place 发生,p77 exercise 5,if there is a delay, the client _. the new system _. we _. production _. the area _.,is informed,is being tested,were shown around the factory,has been increased,will be cleaned tomorrow,exercise 6,manage faced ar

5、e used were being vandalised tried,6.was cleaned off 7. were defaced 8. contacted 9. have worked 10. have been protected,disposable 用完即弃的 eliminate 消除，消灭 elimination financial return 金融回报 frustrated 挫折的，泄气的 go off 离开，消失，变质 innovation 创新 interrupt 打断，妨碍 interruption inventory 存货清单 loading bay 装卸湾 mai

6、ntenance 保养，维护 mechanism 机构，机制 philosophy 哲学，理论,poka-yoke 防差错技术 prevent 防止 raw materials 原材料 reliable 可靠的 scenario 设想，方案 supply and demand 供求 surface 表面 treatment 处理，治疗 under license 领有执照 vandal 故意破坏者 go out of business 破产 in a buyers market 在买方市场 meet the standards 符合标准 total quality control (tqm)

7、turn red/blue/green ,p 78 definitions,automated capacity delivery demand handmade order,make automatic or control or operate automatically. the amount that can be contained . the act of delivering or distributing something . the ability and desire to purchase goods and services . made by hand or a h

8、and process . a request for something to be made, supplied, or served .,output plant produce product supply warehouse,the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created. buildings for carrying on industrial labor. create or manufacture a man-made product. commodities offered for sale. offeri

9、ng goods and services for sale. a storehouse for goods and merchandise.,exercise 2,warehouse orders demand automated capacity products,exercise 3,supply plant a handmade produce output deliveries,production philosophy,j f b c g e i a d h,just in time (jit),production method to describe the condition

10、 where there is no excess inventory carried in stock and production is fed by materials arriving “just in time” for production. 利用即时送达的材料来供应生产，以达到无过剩库存的情况。,an inventory strategy,inventory is probably one of the two biggest assets on your companys balance sheet. it is an important determinant(决定因素) o

11、f return on assets (roa资产收益率 ) and other measures of financial performance.（财务业绩） carrying stock is expensive, usually 20%-40% of the average value per year. it wastes capital- capital the business may need for growth. it requires large warehouses and valuable floor space. large stocks require massi

12、ve computer systems for tracking and control.,just in time and the toyota production system,the japanese studied american production methods with particular attention to ford practices and the statistical quality control practices of ishikawa, edwards deming, and joseph juran. at toyota motor compan

13、y, taichii ohno and shigeo shingo, began to incorporate(合并) ford production and other techniques into an approach called toyota production system or just in time . the toyota people also recognized that the ford system had contradictions and shortcomings, particularly with respect to employees.,toyo

14、ta soon discovered that factory workers had far more to contribute than just muscle power. this discovery probably originated in the quality circle movement. ishikawa, deming, and juran all made major contributions to the quality movement. another key discovery involved product variety. the ford sys

15、tem was built around a single, never changing product. it did not cope well with multiple or new products. when the productivity and quality gains became evident to the outside world, american executives traveled to japan to study it.,quality circle,quality circle is one of the employee participatio

16、n methods. it implies the development of skills, capabilities, confidence and creativity of the people through cumulative process of education, training, work experience and participation. it also implies the creation of facilitative conditions and environment of work, which creates and sustains the

17、ir motivation and commitment towards work excellence.,a small group of 6 to 12 employees doing similar work meet together on a regular basis to identify improvements in their respective work areas using proven techniques for analysing and solving work related problems,the concept of quality circle,b

18、ased upon recognition of the value of the worker as a human being, as someone who willingly contributes on his job, his wisdom, intelligence, experience, attitude and feelings. it has three major attributes: quality circle is a form of participation management. quality circle is a human resource dev

19、elopment technique. quality circle is a problem solving technique.,objective of quality circle,change in attitude from i dont care to i do care. continuous improvement in quality of work life self development development of team spirit i could not do but we did it eliminate inter departmental confli

20、cts. improved organisational culture positive working environment.total involvement of people at all levels.higher motivational level.participate management process,what was done at ford motor company to eliminate storage cost? what name was given to the jit concept at the toyota motor corporation?

21、what is the main objective of jit?,raw materials were taken straight to the factory floor.,the toyota production system,to eliminate waste and improve productivity.,how many sorts of waste have been eliminated in lean manufacturing (精益生产)? what are they? which sentence is the summary of the jit phil

22、osophy?,seven: overproduction; excess transportation; excess inventory; waiting time; processing(处理); motion（移动） and production defects.,having the right amount of the right material, in the right place, at the right time.,additive上瘾的 adj advertise 广告 n assembly line流水线 n bacterium/bacteria细菌 n cata

23、strophe大灾难，大祸 n closed circuit tv闭路电视 n compatible / compatibility兼容的adj/兼容性 n component 组件n dedicate/dedicated奉献/有奉献精神的 deface破坏，磨损vt defect瑕疵，故障，缺点n detect 发现，探测，检定vt,poka-yoke,a japanese term that means fail-safing or mistake-proofing. it was originally described as baka-yoke, but as this means f

24、ool-proofing. a process that helps an equipment operator avoid mistakes. its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur.,examples of poka-yoke in consumer products,the inability to remove a car key from the ignition switch of

25、 an automobile if the automatic transmission is not first put in the park position, so that the driver cannot leave the car in an unsafe parking condition where the wheels are not locked against movement.,3.5 floppy disks: the top-right corner is shaped in a certain way so that the disk cannot be in

26、serted upside-down.,uk 13 amp electric plugs: it is impossible to wrongly insert the plug into the socket, due to its arrangement of three rectangular pins.,microwave ovens: a door switch automatically disconnects the activation button when the door of the oven is opened. as a result, it is impossib

27、le to cook anything in a microwave oven unless the door is fully closed.,sim (subscriber identity module) cards: the sim card used in cellular phones has its upper left corner trimmed diagonally to guide the card correctly into position.,solving problems: exercise 2,work in pairs. brainstorm ideas t

28、o find a poka-yoke way.,labelling sound tank design,detector alarm monitor,shepherd reinforce the fence increase cows activity ground,device camera+monitor alarm sound,alarm system monitor system,wrong fuel get stuck in the door cow escaping,use different measures of diameter of the tubes. optical c

29、ells to stop doors from closing when people are getting on/off. stones to make the gate close automatically.,exercise 4,prevent a mistake from becoming a catastrophe(大灾难). it only fits the right tank. stop the doors from closing when people are getting off. to make the gate close automatically.,total quality management (tqm),a management concept coined by edwards deming. the basis of tqm: to reduce the errors produced during the manufacturing or service process. to increase customer satisfaction, supply chain management. to aim for modernization of equipment and ensure workers have th