上外课件：Unit 09_A (第六册,英语综合教程,外教社).ppt

1、Unit 9Id Rather Be Black Than Female,Text Explanation Part I,About the Author,Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005) , American politician, educator, and author,was the first Afro-American woman elected to the U.S. Congress. She was a passionate and effective advocate of equal rights for minorities, women and

2、 children. She changed the nations perception about the capabilities of women and African-Americans.,Text Structure,Section 1: Paragraph 1 Section 2: Paragraphs 2-3 Section 3: Paragraphs 4-12 Section 4: Paragraphs 13-16 Section 5: Paragraph 17,Text Analysis,Shirley Chisholm identifies and analyses t

3、he sexual discrimination in 1970s American politics and draws the surprising conclusion that the prejudice based on sex is even more serious than racial prejudice. It is surprising because American society as a whole now acknowledges the racial inequality but both men and women are simply blind to t

4、he unfair treatment of women in the game of politics. She expresses her conviction that womens more active participation in politics would improve the country.,Paragraph 1,Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. I was the first to overcome both handicaps

5、at once. Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a draw back than being female.,phenomenon,any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning; a remarkable development现象；奇迹；杰出的人才 The phenomenon draws more attention of the public than ever before.这个现象也也比以往更加

6、引起公众的注意力了 What might account for this strange phenomenon?什么能解释这种奇怪的现象？,overcome,win a victory over; get on top of; deal with successfully You must overcome your bad habits.你必须克服你的坏习惯. So, what obstacles do you have to overcome in your life?在你的生命中,有哪些障碍是需要克服的? When at last all these obstacles were ov

7、ercome, the small team set to work.当最后所有的这些障碍被克服的时候,小队就开始工作了。,handicap,(n.)the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness (v.)injure permanently; put at a disadvantage Blindness is a great handicap.失明是一种重大的残疾。 A bad attitude is the only true handicap.错误的态度才

8、是唯一真正的障碍。 Perhaps other readers will not suffer such a handicap.也许别的读者不会感到这个困难吧。,drawback,the quality of being a hindrance缺点，不利条件；退税 Complacency is a drawback to progress.自满是进步的障碍。 This is the major drawback of the system.这就是该系统的主要缺点。 A drawback of text format files, however, is that they take longe

9、r to load.然而文本格式文件的缺点就是载入它们要花很长的时间。,Paragraph 2,If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman, probably no one would question me. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men - and, I am afraid, most women - as bizarre.,question(v.),challen

10、ge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of; place in doubt or express doubtful speculation询问；怀疑；审问 You have no right to question him.你无权对他进行质询。 Federal officials are due to question them next week.联邦官员将于下周对他们进行审问。 I question the truth of the story.我怀疑这个故事的真实性。,prejudice against,I admit I had a prejud

11、ice against Bob.我承认我以前对鲍伯有偏见。 Some Chinese harbor a prejudice against mental illness patients.一些中国人对精神病患者抱有一种偏见。 Prejudice against women is deeply rooted still in some peoples mind, especially in distant rural areas.对女性的偏见，尤其是在偏远的农村地区，仍然深植于某些人的心中 Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white

12、Americans for many years.多年以来，许多白人看不到存在着对黑人的歧视。,strike,stop work in order to press demands； affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely； hit against; come into sudden contact with罢工；打击；敲；打动 The company halted the operations during the strike.罢工期间,这家公司停止了业务。 That points to the possibility, at least

13、, of a military strike.那就意味着，至少有可能，会进行一场军事打击。 Smith struck a match to light the fire史密斯划燃一根火柴点燃炉火,bizarre,adj.conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual That sounds like a bizarre combination.那样的组合听起来很怪。 Its been a bizarre week for the Rockets.对火箭队来说，这是一个相当奇怪的星期。 The old people all goggled a

14、t the bizarre dresses of the girls at the party.晚会上老人们个个睁大了眼睛,瞧着女孩子们穿的奇装异服。,Paragraph 3,Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. When blacks finally started to mention it, with sit-ins, boycotts, and freedom rides, Americans were incredulous. It was the start of

15、 a long, painful reeducation for white America. It will take years for whites - including those who think of themselves as liberals - to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.,mention,(v.) make reference to; (n.)a remark that calls attention to something or someone Now t

16、hat you mention it, I could recall it.既然你提及，我也就记起来了。 I enjoyed the meal, not to mention the conversation.我很享受那顿饭，更不用说席间的谈话。 A nervous boss can become hysterical at the mere mention of money.只要一提到钱，神经质的老板就会变得异常激动。,sit-in,n.a form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to

17、 move静坐抗议；静坐罢工 Protesters managed to climb the railings and break into the debating chamber to stage a sit-in.示威者爬过栏杆，闯入辩论厅举行静坐。 The latter staged a sit-in at Bangkoks international airport for a week that left thousands of passengers stranded.后者发起了在曼谷国际机场长达一周的静坐示威，致使成千上万的旅客滞留。,boycott,(n.)a groups

18、refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies;(v.) refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business with抵制，杯葛 For a few days every year,people in South Korea will boycott everything Japanese.每年都有几天韩国人会 抵制一切来自日本的东西. So far, the business impact of the protests and

19、boycott calls appears limited.到目前为止，抗议和抵制活动产生的商业影响显得有限。,incredulous,adj.not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving People nowadays are incredulous about ghosts and witches.现在的人们对鬼和巫婆都不相信了。 After I told her the story, Jane gave me an incredulous smile.我把这个故事讲给简听，听完后她不相信地朝我一笑。 Im incredulous to n

20、obodys promises but yours.我不相信任何人的承诺，但你是个例外。,liberal,a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties He was a conviction liberal and a believe-in-nothing celebrity.他是坚定的自由主义者，也是没有信仰的名流； The title of Paul Krugmans new book, “The Conscience of a

21、Liberal,” is no accident.保罗克鲁格曼的新书之所以取名一个自由主义者的良知绝非意外。,racist,n.a person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others I find his racist views totally repugnant.我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点. When he finally came out, many saw that this U. S. Supreme Court Justice was a racist at heart.当这位美国最高法院法官最后表

22、态时，很多人看出此人内心是个种族主义者。 The racist harassment has driven him insane.种族主义者的折磨把他逼疯了。,Paragraph 4,How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am sure it will be a longer struggle. Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles

23、 as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.,brainwashed,adj.subjected to intensive forced indoctrination resulting in the rejection of old beliefs and acceptance of new ones Li responded with a smile, “I dont want to be brainwashed.李先生一笑说，“我不愿被洗脑子。” I refuse to be brainwashed by advertisers int

24、o buying something I dont need.我可不让广告商给我洗脑，去买那些我不需要的东西。,Paragraph 5,Let me exlplain. I have been active in politics for more than twenty years. For all but last six, I have done the work - all the tedious detalis that make teh difference between victory and defeat on election day - while men reaped

25、the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.,tedious,so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness How can he give us such a tedious lecture!他怎么能做这么沉闷乏味的演讲. But there is no denying that some of them are tedious and not trustworthy.但不可否认的是他们中的一些人是乏味的,而不是可信。 The Mayor re

26、cited to the Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome.市长向女王背诵了一篇冗长且乏味的欢迎词。,make the difference,产生差别；有影响，很重要 The right people make the difference.合适的人起重要的作用。 Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响. Leadership certainly plays a vital role, but individua

27、l team member attitudes make the difference.领导能力当然起了一个很关键的作用，但团队成员的态度也会造成不同影响。,reap the rewards,May you reap the rewards of kindness.愿你因你的善良而获得回报。 Keep up the good work, because you will reap the rewards soon.保持杰出的工作，因为你马上就可以收获回报了。 Enjoy the challenge of short-term and long-term goals and then reap

28、the rewards!拥有短期的和长期目标的挑战然后收获酬谢!,invariably,adv.always; in an invariable manner Power invariably means both responsibility and danger.权力永远意味着责任和危险。 In contrast with most politicians, he was invariably polite.与大多数政治家相比，他始终彬彬有礼。 A man who moralizing is usually a hypocrite, and a woman who moralizing i

29、s invariably plain.说教的男人通常是个伪善者，而说教的女人则必定是个丑女。,lot (n.),your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random抽签；命运； a bad (或 sorry) lot(一个或一帮)坏蛋，恶人；没出息的家伙 a crook in the lot(人生中)倒霉的时刻；人生的坎坷 thats your l

30、ot (或 you have had your lot)你命该如此,Paragraph 6,It is still women - about three million volunteers - who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a wo

31、man is rewarded for years of faithful envelope-stuffing and card-party organizing. .where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.,separate-but-equal,(种族主义者的)隔离但是平等(的主张) Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States Constitutional law that justified systems of s

32、egregation. Under this doctrine, services, facilities and public accommodations were allowed to be separated by race, on the condition that the quality of each groups public facilities were (supposedly) to remain equal. The phrase was derived from a Louisiana law of 1890.,convention,n. a large forma

33、l assembly; something regarded as a normative example; (diplomacy) an international agreement; orthodoxy as a consequence of being conventional; the act of convening大会；协定；惯例；习俗；约定 Convention now allows women to smoke in public.现在习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。 It is most desirable that he should attend the conventio

34、n.他要是能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。,be supposed to,Am I supposed to finish it now?我是不是现在就得完成它？ Are you supposed to be in Australia now?你现在不是应该在澳大利亚的吗？ Students are supposed to go to school every Monday through Friday.学生每星期一至星期五都要去上学。 Of course, teachers are not supposed to have favorite students, and they should

35、treat everyone equally.当然，老师是不该有最喜欢的学生的，并且要公平的对待每一个学生。,Paragraph 7,When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyns Bedford-Stuyvesant, the resistance was bitter. From the start of that campaign, I faced undisguised hostility because of my se

36、x.,Assembly,n.1. a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit2. the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery)3. a public facility to meet for open discussion4. a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose5. the social act of assembling装配；集会，集合 S

37、hall we start with the assembly line?咱们从装配线开始好吗？ Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由。,undisguised,adj.plain to see无伪装的；公开的；不戴假面具的 From the start of that campaign, I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.从竞选一开始，我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的敌意。 It is time

38、, sir, to speak the undisguised language of historical truth.阁下，现在该是毫不掩饰地说清楚历史真相的时候了。,hostility,a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition敌意；战争行动 The dog showed no hostility at first.这只狗一开始毫无敌意。 hostile(adj.) characterized by enmity or ill will; very unfriendly Tom closed the car window and sat back in

39、 his seat, in hostile silence.汤姆关上车窗，一声不吭地背靠椅子坐着，心里充满着敌意 cf. belligerence, belligerent,Paragaph 8,But it was four years later, when I ran for Congress, that the question of my sex became a major issue. Among members of my own party, closed meetings were heldd to discuss ways of stopping me,Paragrah

40、9,My opponent, the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer tried to project a black, masculine image; he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts, dashikis, and beards. While the television crews ignored me, they were not aware of a very important statistic which both I and my campaign manager, Wesley Mac D. Holder, knew. In my district