自考国际商务英语05844重点7-22.ppt

1、自考国际商务英语,课程代码05844,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000国际贸易术语解释通则international commercial terms,degenerate didenreit vt. 使退化；恶化 degenerate from sth into sth deal di:l vt. 处理；给予；分配；发牌 vi. 处理；讨论；对待；做生意 n. 交易；（美）政策；待遇；份量 Its a deal. Deal in经营 deal with处理 agreement, especially in business, on certain terms for buyin

2、g or selling sth.,Draw up 制定 Respective 分别的，各自的 Subsequent 随后的 The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则的必要性和目的 The purpose of Incoterms is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of

3、different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.,Interpretation 解释 说明 trade terms贸易术语: words or phrases that are peculiar to trade trade practice贸易管理: way of doing business that is common or habitual Dispute and litigation 纠纷

4、与诉讼 ICC国际商会: International Chamber of Commerce Amendment and addition 修订与增补,Revise 修改 Unitization 使成为整体 Roll on-roll off滚装滚卸的 Short-sea 近海 Maritime 海上的 EDI电子数据交换: Electronic Date Interchange,Customs clearance 结关 Negotiable（票据、证券等）可转让的、可流通的；可协商的 Negotiable transport document可转让装运单据 vital vaitl adj. 至

5、关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的 vital to/ for,The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms Spread of customs-free zones无关税区的发展 Changes in transportation practices运输方式的变化 Increased use of electronic communication 电子通讯使用的增加,Whereby 借以 凭借这个 Dispatch 启运 发运、发送 disposal dispuzl n. 处理；支配；清理；安排 at ones disposal自行支配 Depar

6、ture 离开 启程 Quay 码头,The four groups of Incoterms Group E: EXW Group F: FCA, FAS, FOB Group C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP Group D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP What are the four different categories of terms in Incoterms 2000? In Incoterms 2000, the terms have been grouped in four basically different categories: G

7、roup E (departure), Group F (Main carriage unpaid), Group C (Main carriage paid) and Group D (Arrival).,The three most commonly used terms FOB装运港船上交货: Free On Board CFR成本加运费: Cost and Freight CIF成本、保险费加运费: Cost, Insurance and Freight,If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some com

8、monly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely. 买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任,Lesson 8 The Business Trade,合同的定义(definition)A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the releva

9、nt parties binding baindi n. 装订；捆绑；粘合物 adj. 有约束力的；捆绑的be binding on sb. enforceable inf:sbl adj. 可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的 enforce v. Enforce sb to do sth,Give rise to dispute 引起争议 Two types of business negotiation: oral and written Trade fairs 商品贸易会 Trunk call 长途公司 Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buy

10、ers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms,Business line 业务范围 Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will cost A firm offer 一个实盘: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.

11、 Validity period有效期,Offer发盘、出价: statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to buy sth Offeree收盘人: person who responds to the offerer. Licensing许可经营: Franchising特许经营: licenser 许可证颁发者 licensee 许可证持有人 franchiser 授予特权者 franchisee 特许经营者,Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the original

12、 offeree to the original offerer Process of negotiation and conclusion of the contract：询盘发盘（发盘人-收盘人）还盘，即新盘，原盘无效（原收盘人-原发盘人） Inquiry Quotation Offer and acceptance Counter-off,Sales (purchase) contract销售（采购）合同：legal agreement (between two parties) made by the seller (or the buyer). Sales (purchase) co

13、nfirmation销售（采购）确认书：document which confirms the sales (or purchase). The types of contracts Sales contract Purchase contract Sales (or purchase) confirmation,Consignment寄售: sending of goods for delivery Contract proper合同本身、合同正文 Contraction parties缔约方: persons or companies that sign a contract Arbitr

14、ation仲裁: settlement of a dispute by decision of someone chosen as a judge by both sides Article number货号: the number of the products or things for sale,The settling of a contract合同的构成 The title The contract proper The name and address of the buyer and the seller The details of the commodity transact

15、ion The terms and conditions mutually agreed Indication of the number of original copies, language(s) used, and the validity The signatures of the contracting parties The stipulations on the back of the contract,小练习,有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的 The validity period is indispensable to

16、a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected,Lesson 9 modes of trade,Counter trade对销贸易、反向贸易 Centrally planned economies中央计划经济国家 Cross-border contract进出口合同，跨国合同 Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀 competitive devaluation竞争性贬值 Protectionism贸易保护主义 Reichsbank 德国国家银行,Fina

17、ncial market金融市场 Net positions实际头寸 Compensation trade补偿贸易 EPU欧洲支付联盟: European Payment Union Clearing system清算系统、清算制度 Trade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户 Vertical竖式地、涉及生产销售全过程的: relating to or involving all stages from production to sale.,Current counter trade Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and s

18、ervices, which is completed in a short period of time. Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country. Buyback回购贸易: An agreement

19、by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.,Stipulate 规定 Volkswagen大众汽车公司 Xerox Corporation施乐公司 Processing trade加工贸易 Consignment寄售 Leasing trade租赁贸易 Agency代理 ： a business or service authorized to act for othe

20、rs,Major advantages of counter trade a. Helping to deal with foreign exchange shortage b. Promoting export c. Reducing uncertainty regarding export receipts d. Bypassing international price agreement e. Helping countries with debt problems to import goods.,小练习,回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段

21、时间。 Another important difference between counter purchase and buyback is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than a counter purchase deal.,在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。 Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.,Lesson 10 Int

22、ernational Payment,In a straightforward manner 以直接的方式 Remittance 汇款，汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other Debit借方：written note in an account of a sum owed or paid out Debtor债务人: a person who owes money to somebody creditor 债权人,Financial standing

23、财务状况= financial status = financial strength Credit worthiness资信可靠状况 default dif:lt vi. 拖欠；不履行；不到场 n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值 vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对处以缺席裁判 ban bn vt. 禁止，取缔 n. 禁令，禁忌 ban from sth/ doing sth forbid to do,The complexity of payment in international trade 国际贸易支付的复杂性 Risks faced by the exporter and impo

24、rter 出口商和进口商所面临的风险 Political factors政治因素, commercial factors商业因素, geographical factors地理因素,fluctuation ,flktjuein n. 起伏，波动 fluctuation in/ of hesitant hezitnt adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的 be hesitant about doing sth/ sth Cash in advance预付现金 Open account记账交易 Periodic payments分阶段付款 Title to the goods货物所有权，Owner

25、ship to the goods,Two methods of payment used under certain conditions 在一定条件下的两种支付方式 A. Cash in advance or partial cash in advance 预付或部分预付现金 B. Open account 记账交易,Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed

26、time in the future. Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter) Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn. Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.,Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee. Usance draft远期汇票=Term draft = T

27、enor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee. Clean draft光票: The draft without documents Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.,Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer w

28、hen the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date,D/P付款交单: Documents against payment D/A承兑交单: Documents against acceptance D/P at sight 即期付款交单 D/P after sight 远期付款交单,小练习,就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。 So far as the

29、exporters interest is concerned, D/P at sight is more favorable then d/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable then D/A.,Lesson 11 The Letter of Credit(I),The definition of the letter of credit The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer

30、in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents. In favor of 以为受益人的 Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer) Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit,Beneficiary受益人:Th

31、e exporter in whose favor the credit is opened Correspondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received. Amendment修改 discrepancy diskrepnsi n. 不符；矛盾；

32、相差 discrepancy in discrepancy between and,Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit. Reimburse偿付 nominate nmineit, vt. 推荐；提名；任命；指定 nominate sb as/ to be Unit price单价 Partial shipment分批装运 Transshipment转运,The carrying vessel载货船只 The uniform customs and practice of documentary cr

33、edits跟单信用证统一惯例,The relevant parties of the letter of credit and their roles in its process of operation 信用证的相关当事人及其在信用证业务中的作用 The applicant The opening bank The advising bank The beneficiary The negotiating bank The confirming bank,小练习,现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。 Modern credits were introdu

34、ced in the second half of the 19th century and had substantial development after the First World War.,Lesson 12 The Letter of Credit (II),Clean credit光票信用证: The credits only require clean draft. Non-trade settlement非贸易结算 Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without con

35、sulting with the beneficiary. Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.,certainty s:tnti n. 必然；确实；确实的事情 have (un)certainty of commitment kmitmnt n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身 take/ undertake a commitment to do sth consent knsent vi.

36、同意；赞成；答应 consent to do n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成 by consent,Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank Leading bank (Prime bank, First rate bank)主要银行 Double assurance 双重保障 Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and

37、impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank. Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.,Capital turnover资金周转 Maturity到期，满期 Discount折扣，贴现 Discount charge 贴现费 Face value面值 Tran

38、sferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.,Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred. Middleman 中间人，中间商：trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that p

39、ayment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.,Deferred payment延期付款 Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made. Insolvent无支付能力的 A particu

40、lar transaction一笔特定的交易,Major types of credits and their functions, forms and mechanism 信用证的主要种类及其作用： Clean credit and documentary credit Revocable credit and irrevocable credit Confirmed credit and unconfirmed credit Sight credit and usance credit Transferable credit and non-transferable credit Non-

41、draft credit Revolving credit,The limitations of the letter of credit信用证的局限性; Inability to provide absolute security Being more expensive than other forms of payment,小练习,对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式。缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的选择。 The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular t

42、ransaction, and the contraction parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions.,Lesson 13Major Documents Required in World Trade,Documents单据: paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth., evidence or proof of sth. Documentation单据的制作或使用 Take delivery of提（货） Commerc

43、ial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.,Commission佣金: payment to sb. for selling goods which increase with the quantity of goods sold. Discount折扣: amount of money that may be taken off the full amount Shipping ma

44、rks唛头、运输标记 Bill of lading提（货）单: list giving details of a ships cargo.,Cargo receipt铁路运单、货运收据: written statement that goods have been received Carrier承运人: The shipping company Shipper货主、托运人、发货人: person who arranges for goods to be hipped. Consignor托运人: the party in the bill of lading who arranges for

45、 the goods to be shipped. Carriage运输，运费 Legal holder 合法持有人,Consignee收货人: the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped. Notify party到货通知人、被通知人: the party to be advised after arrival of the goods at the port of destination. Port of shipment发货港、装运港、起运港 Airway bill空运（提）单 Railway bill收货单

46、（铁路） Insurance policy保险单（大保单）: a document used for covering possible risks. Insurance certificate保险证书（小保单）,Certificate of quality品质证书 Certificate of weight重量证书 Certificate of quantity数量证书 Certificate of health健康证书 Certificate of disinfection消毒证书 Certificate of origin产地证书 Veterinary certificate兽医证书,C

47、ustoms invoice海关发票 Consular invoice领事发票 Consular visa领事签证 Shipping advice装船通知,major types of documents主要单据 a. commercial invoice 商业发票 b. packing list 装相单 c. the bill of lading 提单 d.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保险单和保险证书 e.various certificate 其它各种证书,小练习,商业发票，一般称“发票”，这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进

48、行概括性的描述。 The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes a general description of the quality and quantity, unit price and total value of the goods.,Lesson 14 International Transportation,Productivity生产率，生产力 In a broad sense 从广义上 Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In broad

49、sense, transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.,The

50、five major modes of transportation五种主要运输方式 ： Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and air Natural product province自然产品领域 Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discriminat

51、ion. Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company). Private carrier自有承运人,Three types of carrier ownership三种形式的承运人所有权 Common carriers Contract carriers Private carriers,Cost economies节约成本、成本节约 Intermediate products 中

52、间产品、半成品 Finished products制成品 Per unit 每一单位 Self-sufficient自给自足的 Deregulation放松管制 Just-in-time inventory system零库存 Production approach生产方式 Logistics物流,The four factors that are substantially changing transportation改变运输业的四大因素 a. transportation deregulation b. just-in-time inventory systems c. competit

53、ion based on high level of customer service d. globalization of business,小练习,运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用 Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.,Lesson 15 Insurance (I),Literature文献，说明书 Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals tra

54、nsfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk. Insured被保险人，保户: The person who transfer risk. Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).,Premium保费: the amount paid by an insured for coverage

55、under the contract Known premium已知的保险费 Without insurance what kind of uncertainty maybe experienced by an individual or an enterprise? Without insurance, there would be a great deal of uncertainty experienced by an individual or an enterprise, not only as to whether a loss would occur, but also as t

56、o what size it would be if it did occur.,Values exposed to loss损失的价值 Pool统筹的资金，共同的款项 Pooling: a combination of founds formed for common advantage Claim索赔 Claim: a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy,Client客户，主顾 Margin保证金:amount above what is estimated as necessary Draw提取，支取 Draw

57、up 制定 draw up a contract Release of funds腾出资金 Jeopardy危险，风险,Multi-model多种方式的 Multinational corporation 跨国公司 Multinational enterprise 跨国企业，跨国集团（lesson4） Underwriter保险公司，保险人：a person who carries on insurance as a business,Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from t

58、he shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters. Marine 海上的 Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.,小练习,货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活动。 Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden

59、of risk from the exports and importers to the underwriters.,Lesson 16 Insurance (II),Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.) Crucial 至关重要的 vital,Terms of sale价格条件、买卖条款 Port of origin始发港 Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a propo