高考必考点之(状语从句)考点大全.ppt

1、Overview of adverbial clauses,Grammar and usage,句 子 的 分 类,Adverbial Clauses,状语从句,Definition An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. Compare the two sentences: Every morning he sits there. Every morning he sits where there is a palm tree.,Time时间状语从句 Place 地点状语从句 Reason

2、原因状语从句 Condition 条件状语从句 Purpose 目的状语从句 Result 结果状语从句 Manner 方式状语从句 Concession 让步状语从句 Contrast 比较状语从句,Adverbial Clause,Adverbial Clauses 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。,高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用,1. Adverbial Clause of Time,常用连接词：when/while/as, since,

3、till /until, before, once, as soon as 特殊连接词：immediately/directly/instantly the moment/the instant/the minute, by the time, each time/every time /whenever no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成 时表示将来完成时 1. While （当时）Jenny was doing the washing up, Jane was watching TV. 2. The tra

4、in had left by the time （到时）they rushed to the station.,1. Adverbial Clause of Time,3. The instant （一就）I saw him, I knew I have seen him before. 4. Every time （每次）I went to visit him, he was playing computer games. 5. Each time （每当）we met with difficulties, they came to our help 6. No sooner had I a

5、rrived home than （刚就）it began to rain.,1. Adverbial Clause of Time,2. Adverbial Clause of Place,常用连接词：where 特殊连接词：everywhere anywhere wherever Put the key where you can find it later. Everywhere they went, they were kindly received. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。（谚语） Wherever there i

6、s smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。（谚语）,3. Adverbial Clause of Reason,常用连接词：because since as for 特殊连接词：that in that now (that) seeing that considering that giving that for the reason that,3. Adverbial Clause of Reason,1. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2. He is absent today

7、, because for he is ill. 3. He must be ill for he is absent today.,3. Adverbial Clause of Reason,4. Im happy that youve told the truth. 5. Some people say man differs from animals in that we have the ability to laugh. 6. Considering that his wife has just had a bad cold, he decided to go to the part

8、y alone.,4. Adverbial Clause of Condition,常用连接词: if, unless, as / so long as 特殊连接词: providing / provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that, given that If引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两 种，虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。,4. Adverbial Clause of Condition,1. I will go to the party if I am invited. 2. I wont go to

9、the party unless invited. 3. Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean. 4. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 5. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.,5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose,常用连接词：so that, in order that 特殊连接词：lest, in

10、 case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that 从句中的谓语动词常常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词 1. Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.,5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose,2. They started early in order that they could arrive home before dinner time. 3. We dare not play jokes on him le

11、st he (should) be angry. 4. We stood under the tree quietly for fear that the bird (should) fly away.,表示目的的几种句型表达 He got up early to catch the early bus. = He got up early in order to catch the early bus. = He got up early so as to catch the early bus. = He got up early so that he could catch the ea

12、rly bus. = He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.,6. Adverbial Clause of Result,常用连接词: so/such that, so that 特殊连接词: to the /such a degree that, to the extent that He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.,6. Adverbial Claus

13、e of Result,To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. His humour was such as to make us all laugh. = He was so humourous as to make us all alugh. = He was so humourous that we all laugh.,7. Adverbial Clause of Manner,常用引导词：as, as if, as though 特殊引导词： how, the way, A is to B w

14、hat C is to D / C is to D 1. Youd better take things as they are. 2. When in Rome, do as the Roman do. 3. Food is to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。,7. Adverbial Clause of Manner,4. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 在as if或as though引导的状语从句中多用过去时表示虚拟语气。

15、 5. He looked at me as if I were mad. 6. He acted as though he had been there before.,8. Adverbial Clause of Concession,常用连接词: though, although, even if even though 特殊连接词：while(一般用于句首), as(用于倒装结构) whether or, wh-ever = no matter wh-,8. Adverbial Clause of Concession,1. Though he is young, he could s

16、olve the problem on his own. = Young as he is, he could solve the problem on his own. 2. Although he is a child, he could solve the problem on his own. = Child as he is, he could solve the problem on his own.,9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast,常用连接词: as as, not so/as as (同级比较), than (不同程度的比较) 特殊连接词: th

17、e +比较级, the + 比较级; 1. The little girl wants to be as clever as her brother. 2. He doesnt work so hard as you do.,9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast,3. The more you worry, the less youll succeed. 4. She did worse in the test than she expected.,9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast,5. 这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。 This room

18、is three times as large as that one. This room is three times larger than that one. This room is three times the size of that one.,9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast,6. 今年的收入是去年的两倍。 The income of this year is twice that of last year. The income of this year is twice what it was last year.,.,考点一 高频连接词,2

19、9,when / while / as when: 持续性非持续性动词都可 1) 当时候 Are you going to be a sailor when you leave school? 2) 正在忽然 when =at this time / at that time sb. was doing when sb was about to do /was going to do when sb has just done when,3) 表示原因“既然”“考虑到”，相当于 since; considering that。 Why do you want a new job when yo

20、uve got such a good one already?,while While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. (while=_) He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. (while=_) While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (while=_) While there is life there is hope. (while=_),when,althou

21、gh,as long as,而,1.She sang as she worked. 一边一边 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard. 虽然，尽管 3. You must try to do as I did. 依照，按照 4. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 因为 5. You will grow wiser as you grow olde 随着,before It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be half a ye

22、ar before we meet again. We sailed four days and nights before we saw the land. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,肯定句 “ 才” 否定句 “就”,it will be +一段时间 before.多久之后才.,it wont be +一段时间 before.不久就.,since before when that,It is + 时间+,易混淆句型,Its three days since he returned home. It was three days bef

23、ore he returned home. It will be three days before he returned home. It was three days later that he returned home. It was three oclock when he got home. It was at three oclock that he got home.,where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系 where：引导定语从句时，相当于in / at / to which; where：引导状语从句时，相当于in / at / to the place wher

24、e Please make a mark in the place where you have a question. 定语从句 Please make a mark where you have a question. 状语从句,unless 除非，如果不 相当于if not Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. A. whyB. how C. unlessD. where,because, since, as, f

25、or because: 直接原因，非推断。语气最强 回答why since: 显而易见的已知的原因，译为“既然”，通常放句首。 as：不谈自明的原因，语气最弱 for:附加、推断的原因，通常放放句中，引导后半句表原因。 1. Why are you late? Because my car broke down on the way.,2. It was because my car broke down on the way that I was late. 3. It must have rained, for the ground is wet. 4. I didnt go to sch

26、ool yesterday because I was ill. 5. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 6. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.,so / such that so + adj. / adv. + that so + adj. + a(n) + n. + that such + a(n) + adj. + n. + that such + adj. + n. (UC) / n.(pl.) + that + ,He is such a go

27、od teacher that we all respect him. = He is so good a teacher that we all respect him. = So good a teacher is he that we all respect him. = Such a good teacher is he that we all respect him.,He made such rapid progress that the teacher praise him. He made so much progress that the teacher praise him

28、.,“一就 ”的表达法 as soon as hardly / scarcely when no sooner that the moment / minute / second / instant immediately / instantly / directly on / upon + n. / doing,他一到达车站汽车就发动了。 As soon as (连词) he arrived at the station, the bus started. = Hardly (连词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started. =

29、No sooner (连词) had he arrived at the station than the bus started.,= Immediately (副词) he arrived at the station, the bus started. = The moment (名词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started. = Upon / On (介词) his arrival at the station, the bus started.,until / till 均可用于肯定句，但until可用于句首，till

30、则不可。 肯定句： She slept till / until midnight. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 否定句： She didnt arrive until midnight.,He didnt go to bed until he finished his work. = Not until he finished his work did he go to bed. (倒装句) = It was not until he finished his homework that he went t

31、o bed. (强调句),however, whatever however：后接adj.或adv., 相当于no matter how whatever：后接n., 相当于no matter what。,However difficult it may be, you shouldnt give up. Whatever difficulties you may come across, you shouldnt give up. However many difficulties you may come across, you shouldnt give up. You can dres

32、s however you like. You can wear whatever you like.,区别几组词 1 as long as 和 as far as as long as = so long as 只要 As far as = so far as 就而言；到程度 2 only if 和 if only only if只要 If only要是就好了,3 as if 和even if as if 似乎，好像 even if即使，纵然 4 despite 和 although despite (介词)虽然 although (连词)虽然 5 with 和 as with (介词)随着

33、 as (连词)随着,.,考点二 状语从句中成分的省略,53,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从 句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况 省略或变化： “系表”结构省略be动词； 被动语态省略助动词be； 主动语态的动词则变为doing。 * after, before, since后接being done表示被动。,If necessary (如果有必要的话), Ill explain it to you again. Though lacking (lack) money, they sent their children to school. He stopped as if to

34、see (see) if someone followed him.,状语从句同时具备下列两个条件: 主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it； 从句主要动词是be的某种形式。 从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。,You must attend the meeting unle

35、ss (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这 次会议。 另外，比较状语从句经常省略。 Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).,【注意】： 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分 要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表 达。 When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 当会议结束时，人们都走

36、出了会议室。 =The meeting over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.,.,考点三 时态一致性,59,在时间或条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时的 时候，从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表 示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来 完成时”。要注意时态一致。 They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.,.,考点四 状语从句与倒

37、装句,61,as引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装 as表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，出 于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语 动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首 a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 句型为：名词/形容词/过去分词 + as / though +主语 + 动词 + 主句,1. Though he is a small child, he knows what is the right thing to do. Child as he is, he knows what is

38、the right thing to do. 2. Though he worked hard, he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily. Hard as he worked, he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.,3. Though you may fail, you should never give up. Fail as you may, you should never give up. 4. Though it was raining heavily ou

39、tside, they started out very early. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.,5. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try,6. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet studen

40、t as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quite as he may be a student,so , such 引导的结果状语从句置于句首，会引起倒装。 1. So angry was he that he yelled at me. 2. Such a nice day was it that we picnicked on the grass. 3. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided t

41、o asked Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found,“only + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变 Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned. C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return,not until

42、从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变 Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize,表示“一就”的两个常见结构 “No sooner had than .” “Hardly / Scarcely had when .”. Did Linda see th

43、e traffic accident? No, no sooner _ than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone,.,考点五 注意区分不同从句,71,引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要 根据句子结构和句意来判别。 You are to find it where you left it. 地点状语从句 Tell me the address where he lives. 定语从句，句中有先行词 I dont know where he came from. 宾语从句

44、Where he has gone is not known yet. 主语从句 This place is where they once hid. 表语从句,.,考点六 并列句与状语从句,73,并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。,常见的并列句 1. 表递进关系： 用来表递进关系的并列连词有and, not only but also ，neither nor , not but 等。 2. 表选择关系： 常用的并列连词有or, either or ，otherwise等。 Eit

45、her you are right, or I am.,3. 表转折对比关系： 常用的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。 The car is old, (and/but) yet it is in good condition. = The car is old, but it is in good condition. = The car is old. However (= Nevertheless = Still), it is in good condition. * but不与although连用，但yet, still可与although连用。,4.

46、表因果关系： 常用的并列连词有so, for。 The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。 * for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。,5. 用祈使句表示条件状语从句 1) “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” = “if引导的肯定条件句 + 陈述句”。 2) “祈使句 + or/otherwise + 陈述句” = “if引导的否定条件句 + 陈述句”。 Work hard, and youll get good grades. (改为含有

47、条件状语从句的复合句) If you work hard, youll get good grades.,1. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. untilB. but C. unlessD. for 2. The old teacher found it increasingly difficult to read, _ her eyesight was beginning to fail. A

48、. andB. for C. butD. or,3. She is seriously ill, _ she doesnt give up hope. A. thoughB. but C. stillD. however 4. Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. A. tillB. or C. and D. but,1. 状语从句的种类 2. 状语从句中的六大考点： 高频连接词； 状语从句中成分的省略； 时态的一致性； 状语从句与倒装句； 注意区分不同

49、从句； 并列句与状语从句。,summary,1. _ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know. （2015安徽23） A. OnceB. Since C. ThoughD. Unless 2. _ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. （2015安徽34） A. WhereB. As C. In caseD. Now that,Test you