高中英语语法-省略句

1、Ellipsis 省略,在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：,: Beg you pardon.,: Sounds like a good idea.,: （ I ）Beg you pardon.,: ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.,定义,一 简单句中的省略,1、 省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略,: Doesnt matter.,: ( It ) doesnt matter.,: ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.,2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：,（省略主语和谓语）,: What/How (do you

2、 think) about a cup of tea ?,: Why (do you) not say hello to him ?,3、省略表语。,: Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .,: His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister .,(thirsty).,(lazy).,4、同时省略几个成分,: Lets meet at the same place as yesterday.,(we met),同时省略主、谓语,: Have you finished your work ? Not yet.,I have not finis

3、hed my homework yet.,I have not finished my homework yet.,I have not finished my homework yet.,1. My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.,省略相同的谓语动词,在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。,When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shor

4、ter.,二 并列句中的省略,2. Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman.,3. Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.,4. His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 5. I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in

5、 winter) in 1989.,6. He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train.,省略共同的主语或宾语。,省略后面的助动词或情态动词,省略后面的主谓成分,省略主要动词及后续部分,省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分,1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首, 如：,: Sorry to hear you are ill.,: Pity that he missed such a good chance.,( Im ),( Its a ),三 复合句中的省略,: Are you leav

6、ing for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.,so,Im leaving for Beijing this Sunday.,: Tom must be free today. If so, he can help us.,so,he is free.,从句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替,: It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.,not,it is not going to rain.,Note: so常用于替代肯定形式的从句， 而not常用来替代否定形式的从句。 常见的动词有：think、imagin

7、e、guess、say、hope、fear等。 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. Why not?等等。,: We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.,(that),2.宾语从句中的省略 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。,: Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 year

8、s old.,(that),由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back).,( he will come back),3.定语从句中的省略 A:在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。,: I havent read the book (that/ which) youre reading.,(that/ which),: The man (that/ who) your father jus

9、t talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.,(that/ who),B: 定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。 The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet.,(which were),4.状语从句中的省略 在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。,:

10、When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.,: When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.,he,: If he is free, Jack will go with us.,he was,: If free, Jack will go with us.,he is,: Unless invited, he wont come.,: Unless he is invited, he wont come.,he,: While he is doing house

11、work, my father often listens to music.,he is,: While doing house work, my father often listens to music.,he is,he,动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have, have been时，要保留这些词。,: Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .,: He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to .,: Are you

12、an engineer? No, but I want to .,: He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to .,(go there).,(give me the chance).,be,have,四 不定式中的省略,Attention !,使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。,: I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.,: A man was noticed to enter the classroom.,to

13、,X,这类使役动词及感官动词主要有,一“感”:,二“听”:,三“让”:,四“看”:,feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,watch,notice,observe,see,在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。,: Were I you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug.,Were,: Had I a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.,Had,: Should there be bird-flu

14、, what would we do?,Should,虚拟条件句中的省略,If I were you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug.,If I had a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.,: He suggest we should set out right away.,(should),在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：,: His suggestion is that we should set o

15、ut right away.,(should),: The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.,(should),: Its very important that students should study hard at school.,(should),介词的省略（考点） 1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/

16、trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing； stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。 eg. The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.,2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。 He did it (in) this way.,八、会话中的省略。 省略在会话中应

17、用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。 -Do you like this shirt? -Yes, (I like it) very much. (Come) This way, please. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).,Practice,Exercises about Ellipsis.,Discovering useful structures,3.,Rewrite these sentences by taking ou

18、t the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),P37,2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the do

19、ctor .,(_),(_),(_),5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?,or not.,6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital . 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blo

20、od doesnt run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .,not down your throat.,These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?,1)

21、The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The cottage (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,P37 4.,2)The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second.,The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (b

22、ook that I read this term).,3) To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.,To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).,4) I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have.,I dont think they ha

23、ve returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital).,5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).,6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.,You can

24、borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).,I. Choose the best answers.,1)-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to,2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow

25、 evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 3)- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A.dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want,4)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all_. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like

26、it D. Id be glad to 5)- Wont you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will,7)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow? -_? A.I dont think B. No, I dont think C. I dont think so D. No, I dont so 8)-Have you fed the cat? -No, but_. A. Im B. I am C. Im just

27、 going D. Im just going to,II.单项选择 1. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to 2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told 3. -Will you waste time and money on that? - -Certainly_. A. I not B. dont C. not D.

28、no,4. -Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? -Yes, she_. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did 5. -Whats John doing? - _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading 6. _ always succeed. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest st

29、udents and clever D. Students are honest and clever,7. -Can you climb that tree, my boy? -_? A. I B. MyselfC. MineD. Me 8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. many more C. much moreD. no more 9. -Ill be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not

30、 at all. _. A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to,10. -Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? -_. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. Im afraid notD. Im sure 11. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. IfB. UnlessC. HadD. When 12. -What do you th

31、ink made Mary so upset? - _ her bicycle. As she lost B. Lost C. Because of losingD. Losing,II. 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. Our hometown is no longer what it used to. 2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help. 3. Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman.,be,第一个I 后加am 或去掉第一个I

32、,it,4. No one can bear being laughed in public. 5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. 6. The goods were ordered last month havent arrived yet.,at,compared,goods后加that 或去掉were,语法应试 I. 改写句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘） 1. Someone has used my mobile phone,

33、 but I dont know who has used it. 2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. 3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class. 4. - Has he ever been abroad? - No, he has never been abroad.,5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time. 6. You must not be late and you

34、 must not be absent. 7. Give me your name and address, please. 8. It is well done. 9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother wont take a rest after long hours of work. 10. He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didnt answer the questions

35、.,【语法专项训练】 【单项选择【 1“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.” “Oh! I _.” A. do not hope to B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not 2.“Is Professor Tate very sick?” “Im afraid _.” A. so B. this C. to D. that 3.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _. A. itB. thoseC. themD

36、. one 4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not do,5.“Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?” “_.” A. I dont believeB. I dont believe it C. I believe not soD. I believe not 6.“Dont forget to come to my birthd

37、ay party tomorrow.” “_.” A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent 7.“Ill be away on business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?” “Not at all. _.” A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like itD. Id be happy to,8.“Why dont we take a little break?” “Didnt we just have _?” A. itB. that C. one D.

38、 that 9.“There will be a new film on show.” “Im afraid _.” A. soB. maybe C. not D. that 10.“We all hate pollution.”“ _.” A. Yes, everyone hatesB. Yes, everyone does C. No, I like notD. No, I dont,高考真题,1. Would you like some more tea? _, please.（NMET2005，全国卷II，12） A. No moreB. Just a little C. Ive ha

39、d enoughD. Yes, I would,2. Itll take at least 2 hours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海 39) A. come onB. pardon me C. your are rightD. dont mention it,高考真题,3. How about putting some pictures into the report? _ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江苏，24） A. No way

40、.B. Why not? C. All right?D. No matter.,4. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (NMET2005，福建，33) A. offeringB. to offer C. to be offeredD. offered,高考真题,5. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? I planed to, but I was 50 _. （NMET2005，福建，34） A. fewerB. less C. cheap

41、D. short,6. Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little sons curious about those roses you grow.” _. Youre welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，25) A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Yes, pleaseD. Not at all,高考真题,7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sur

42、e we will win. Mike: _! （NMET2005，广东，21） A. CongratulationsB. Cheers C. Best wishesD. Good luck,8. Tara: This is Tara Patel from cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? Smith: _ (NMET2005，广东，22） A. Hello! B. Im Mr. Smith. C. Who are you?D. Speaking,高考真题,9. My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. _ （NMET2005，重庆，22） A.Lets go.B. Cheer up.