高考英语不定式专项语法讲解.ppt

1、The infinitive 不定式,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。,不定式,动词不定式的动词特征：,动词不定式可以有宾语，如： He wants to study English. 动名词可以用状语来修饰，如： The rain continued to fall heavily.,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,一般式 完成式 进行式,主动语态 被动语态,to do to be d

2、one to have done to have been done to be doing *to be being done,解释,(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动 作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之 后发生。,(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。,(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。,They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,I want to ha

3、ve a holiday as soon as possible .,*动词不定式在以下情况有时态语态变化，可跟进行式、完成式、完成被动式、完成进行式，其它情况一般只跟to do/to be done表将来,A) sb appear, seem, happen, pretend + to do/to be doing/to have done sth sth appear, seem, happen, pretend + to be done /to have been done,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,b) sb be said, known, reporte

4、d, believed, claimed+ to do/to be doing/to have done sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed+ to be done/to have been done c) sb be + adj. + to do sth,4. 动词不定式的复合结构：for + 名词或代词宾格构成动词不定式的复合结构。For 所跟名词或代词是逻辑上的主语，动词不定式是逻辑上的谓语动词。 For us to learn foreign languages is important. It is important for

5、 us to learn foreign languages. Can you arrange for a car to take us there?,不定式的语态,（2） 不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态,He asked to be sent to work in countryside.,Have you got a key to unlock the door?,key unlock the door,你有开门的钥匙吗？,（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动语态。,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,The

6、book is difficult to understand.,He is hard to talk to.,（3） 不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动语态。,I have got a letter to write.,I need a room to live in.,(4)不定式在一些形容词后，与逻辑主语是被动关系常用主动形式表被动意思 sth be adj. to do It is adj. to do sth.,6. 动词不定式的否定结构是在前面加not，如： He decided not to go home. I am sorry not to hav

7、e helped you.,不定式的语法功能,（1） 作主语,To talk with him is a great pleasure.,一般情况下，不定式（短语） 作主语时， 通常用形式主语“it” 代替,It is a great pleasure to talk with him.,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,注意,*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如,To get there by car takes a whole day. To make a plan for our future is important.,* It is/wa

8、s +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water. 例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc. *It is +adj.+for sb.(用宾格) +to do eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. 例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, p

9、ainful, useful,不定式的逻辑主语： of（品质） / for （性质） sb. to do,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有： ready, eager, sure, glad, anxious, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing,此外还要注意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形式（如：what to do, where to go ），作tell, ask, know, show等动词的宾语。,不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide

10、, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, pretend, learn, afford, need,I dont know what to do.,（2） 作宾语,Would you like to watch TV?,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面， 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。,不定式动词在介词b

11、ut, except, 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to。,1) She could do nothing but cry.,2) I have no choice but to go.,3.某些及物动词：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同,I forget to bring my homework.,I forget opening the windows.,I mean “I didnt bring my homewo

12、rk.”,I mean “I have opened the windows.”,6. wish, hope, plan, be, mean + to have done / had wished.+to do表示原打算干却没能办到 1. I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday, but was delayed by the bad weather. 2. -Why didnt you come to my birthday party? -I d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.,入群498029

13、9，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,在had better, had best, would rather, would ratherthan, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”。 e.g.: Youd better listen to your teachers opinion. He cannot but move to another street. We cannot help but admire his courage. He always prefers to ride a bicy

14、cle rather than ride on a crowded bus.,（3） 作表语（表将来时）,My plan is to finish the experiment on time.,（4） 作宾补,I asked him to come to my office.,注意不定式的省略,hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词后的省略,I heard her sing this song.,have, let, make三个使役动词后的省略,I made him stand outside.,这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不定式要补充完整.,She was h

15、eard to.,He was made to .,动词不定式作宾补省略to,口诀 不定式省to十一个， 五“看”二“听”一“感觉”， 三个“使役”紧挨着， 如若主动变被动， 符号to千万别省略。,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,（5）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. D

16、o you have a pen to write with ?,（6） 作状语, 目的状语,We do as much as we can to make our world beautiful.,注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

17、, 结果状语,He hurried to the school to find nobody there.,原因状语,We were very excited to hear the news.,作独立成分 插入语,用来说明说话人的态度,对整个句子进行解释. To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.,入群4980299，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,动词不定式做状语应注意：,1.In order to和so as to意义上没区别，但so as to不能置于句首,2.adj/adv+enough（for sb） to,3.

18、too+adj/adv+to有肯定与否定,The child is too young to dress himself. 否定,She is too anxious (ready/easy/eager/glad) to know the results. 肯定,不定式中作结果状语的注意点： 1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing,She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.,2）在not, never, only,

19、all, but等后的tooto结构中，too的含义为very，不定式没有否定含义。,Im only too glad to stay at home. Its never too old to learn.,不定式的省略 当不定式在某些词后充当成分时，常可省略动词原形，但要保留不定式的符号“to”,（1） 形容词后不定式的省略，如：happy, glad, eager, anxious, ready,-Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. I am happy to.,（2） 动词后不定式的省略， 如： like, love, c

20、are, wish , hope, want, expect, prefer, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade,-Will you go to the cinema with us? -Sorry, I dont want to.,（3） 宾语补足语中的省略， 如： ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, permit, allow,The boy wants to ride his bike in the street, but his mother tells him not to.,（4） 在某些固定用法中的省略，如

21、：ought to, have to, used to, be able to，be going to,-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.,5.及物动词want, need, require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。 (=want,need,require+doing),Your bedroom needs to be cleaned. =Your bedroom needs cleaning.,入群4980299

22、，即刻免费下载优质高中高考英语文档！,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is

23、 certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Exercises:,4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 5. Allen had to call a taxi because t

24、he box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 8.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to