高考英语阅读课程

第一部分篇章结构

一、科普类文章

1.引出中心内容的方法

(1)AbutBoo这个时候B是文章的中心。为了不让文章显得太突兀，一般会先讲A,

即普通的内容(科普类文章一般介绍的是我们不太熟悉的内容)。另外，A也有可能是一种欲

扬先抑的写作手法，与B的意思正好相反。Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimals

ofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemforfood.Sometimes,however,twokindsofanimals

cometogetherinapartnership(伙伴关系)whichdoesgoodtobothofthem.Youmayhave

noticedsomebirdssittingonthebacksofsheep.Thisisnotbecausetheywantaride,but

becausetheyfindeasyfoodintheparasites(寄生虫)onsheep.Thesheepallowthebirdstodo

sobecausetheyremovethecauseofdiscomfort.Soalthoughtheycanmanagewithouteach

other;theydobettertogether.Theideaoffightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,

butthat'sexactlywhatmotorengineersaredoinginGermanyandsomeothercountries.(2)用

熟悉的事物作类比。用熟悉的事物作类比。这是一种我们可以借鉴的写作方法。

Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepoker-itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhat

othersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocessissimilar.

Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byany

standards,goodthinkers.

2.说明中心内容的方法

(高考文章以说明为主，在高级阅读考试中经常出现的议论文在高考中比较少见)(1)举

例说明。这是最常见的方法,除了我们熟悉的forexample,forinstance,suchas以举例说明。

外，更主要的是在内容上的抽象程度的不同。例子总是说得很具体，比如说有数字，具体的

人物、事件等。有的时候，在事实和例子中间，还有一个具体说明的中间层次。⑵讲原

理Car-maker,sresearchanddevelopmentlaboratorieshavealreadyprovedthatmixinginmore

noisewiththehelpofloudspeakerscanreducetheunwantednoise.(3)讲好处讲好处

(advantage)Anothergoodthingabouttheusesofnoise-killingsystemsisthatitsavestheneed

forasilencer,whichnotonlyreducestheweightofacar,butalsomakesthemotorburnlessoil

andworkbetter.(4)讲问题讲问题(disadvantage)Someengineersbelievethatthenoise-killing

systemwillbeusedinmostcarsin1996.Butthecarmakershaven'tdecidediftheywillputit

intoproductionbecauseitwouldaddseveralhundreddollarstothecostoftheircars.

高考英语阅读教材——第一部分篇章结构

3

(5)讲应用讲应用(application)讲应用(6)分类说明：中心的两个方面分类说明：分类说

明Therearetwotypesoffat:externalfat(fatunderskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebody

wall).Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,have

foundthatthe“pears“havelessinternalfat,butthe“apples“havemoreinternalfatthan

externalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.⑺强对比说明强对比说明One

mistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethe

reverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfect

information.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors

whichwouldevenpuzzlebestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinitcomfortabletoadmit

thattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,not

poker.

二、社会观点类文章

这•类文章比较高级,所以在高考中出现得很少。Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneed

forotherpeopletobecome“computer-literate."Butnotallexperts（专家）agreethatthisisa

goodidea.Onepioneer;inparticular,whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,thefounderof

ComputertownUK.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeoplecloser

tothecomputecDaviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedfor

justtheoppositereason,tobringcomputerstopeopleandmakethem“people-literate."David

TebbuttthinksComputertownsaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclubbutheinsists

thereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo.Theclubsareforpeoplewhohavesome

computerknowledgealready.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingto

Computertownswheretherearecomputersforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsto

encouragethemandansweranyquestionstheyhave.Theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.

Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeableto

answerallquestionspeopleask.Peopledon'thavetolearncomputerterms（术语），butthe

expertshavetoexplaininplainlanguage.Thecomputersarebecomingpeopleliterate.”

三、社会问题类文章

1.引出问题：某一部作品中的观点.引出问题OlafStapledonwroteabookcalledFirstand

LastMen,inwhichhelookedmillionsofyearsahead.Hetoldofdifferentmenandofstrange

civilizations,brokenupbylong'darkages,inbetween.Inhisview,whatiscalledthepresent

timeisnomorethanamomentin

4

humanhistoryandwearejustheFirstMen.In2,000millionyearsnowtherewillbethe

EighteenthorLastMen.However,mostofourideasaboutthefuturearereallyveryshort-sighted.

Perhapswecanseesomepossibilitiesforthenextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?Thenext

thousand?Thenextmillion?That'smuchmoredifficult.2.JW决问题的重要性.Sowhybother

eventotryimagininglifefarinthefuture?Herearetworeasons.First,unlesswerememberhow

shortourownlivesarecomparedwiththewholehumanhistory,wearelikelytothinkourown

interestsaremuchmoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Ifwemaketheearthapoorplacetolive

onbecausewearecarelessorgreedyorquarrelsome,ourgrandchildrenwillnotbothertothink

ofexcusesforus.Second,bytryingtoescapefrompresentinterestsandimaginelifefarinthe

future,wemayarriveatquitefreshideasthatwecanuseourselves.Forexample,ifweimagine

thatinthefuturemenmaygiveupfarming,wecanthinkoftryingitnow.Sosetyourimagination

freewhenyouthinkaboutthefuture.3.解决问题.Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayare

heavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandfor

environment（环境）friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthat

millionsoftonsofglass,paper;plastic,andmetalcontainersareproduced,andthesearedifficult

togetridof.However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green“anddemanding

thattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,they

askquestionslikethese:"Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?""Canthismetal

containerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?"Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffive

adultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthat

companiesmustnowchangethewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethatthey

are"green,"thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofind

greenproductsinSupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductcop

labels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing

（生产）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.

四、社会现象类文章

1.社会现象的引出：具体的例子，话语，奇特之处，A影响Bo.社会现象的引出Allan

goeseverywherewithBirgittaAnderson,a54-year-oldsecretary.Hemovesaroundherofficeat

workandgoesshoppingwithher."Mostpeopledon'tseentomindAllan,"saysBirgitta,who

thinksheiswonderful."He*smyfourthchild,"shesays.Shemaythinkofhimand

高考英语阅读教材——第•部分篇章结构

5

treathimthatway,buyinghisfood,payinghishealthbillsandhistaxes,butinfactAllanisa

dog.BirgittaandAllanliveinSwede,acountywhereeveryoneisexpectedtoleadanorderlylife

accordingtoruleslaiddownbythegovernment,whichalsoprovides（提供）ahighlevelofcare

foritspeople.Thislevelofcarecostsmoney./BettyandHaroldhavebeenmarriedforMrs.But

onethingstillpuzzles（困扰）oldHarold.HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoan

sittingonthesofa,talking,goouttoaballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater;andthey'

restillsittingonthesofa?Talking?Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?

Bettyshrugs.Talk?We'refriends.Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillian

Rubinspenttwoyears,interviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhat

theirage,theirjob,theirsex,theresultswerecompletelyclear:womenhavemorefriendships

thanmen,andthedifferenceinthecon-tentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis"markedand

unmistakable/7Maybeten-year-oldElizabethputitbestwhenshesaidtoherfather;"But,Dad,

youcan'tbehealthyifyou'redead."Dad,inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgofora

run,hadforgottentowearhissafetybelt-amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.

Thebigquestioniswhy./Whenagroupofchildrenpolitelystopaconversationwithyou,saying:

"Wehavetogotoworknow,"you'releftfeelingsurprisedandcertainlyuneasy.Afterall；thisis

the1990sandtheideaofchildrenworkingisjustunthinkable.Thatis,untilyouaretoldthatthey

areallpupilsofstageschools,andthatthe"work"theygoofftoistogoonthestageina

theatre./Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnited

Stateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.Theagingofthe

populationwillaffect（影响）Americansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,and

business.Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety-oneinwhich

peoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehavior（彳亍为）issuitable（合适）atvarious

ages.2.说明的方法.（1）举例Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the"do-it-yourself"（DIY）

trend（趋势）intheU.S.continuestogrow."Weneededfurniture（家具）forourlivingroom,"

saysJohnRoss,"andwejustdidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Sowedecidedtotrymakinga

fewtablesandchairs."Johngotmarriedsixmonthsago,andlikemanyyoungpeoplethesedays,

theyarestrugglingtomakeahomeatatimewhenthecostoflivingisveryhigh.TheRossestook

a2-weekcoursefor$280atanightschool.Nowtheybuildalltheirfurnitureandmakerepairs

aroundthehouse.JimHatfield...

6

（2）中心的一个侧面…Thatis,untilyouaretoldthattheyareallpupilsofstageschools,

andthatthe"work"theygoofftoistogoonthestageinatheatre.Stageschoolsoftenactas

agencies（代理机构）tosupplychildrenforstageandtelevisionworkAvisittosuchschools

willleaveyouinnodoubtthatthechildrenenjoythemselves.../Researchingthismattercalled

friendship,psychologistLillianRubin...thedifferenceinthecontentandthequalityofthose

friendshipsis"markedandunmistakable/'Morethantwo-thirdsofthesinglemenRubin

interviewedcouldnotnameabestfriend"Ingeneral/writesRubininhernewbook,

“women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen's

relationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.”"Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,"

Rubinwrites,"thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings…（3）解释原因…Thebig

questioniswhy.Therehavebeenmanymythsaboutsafetybeltseversincetheirfirstappearance

incarssomefortyyearsago.Thefollowingarethreeofthemostcommon.MythNumberOne…

（4）评价Whilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasier,themajorityofAmericans

careabouthonestyinbothpublicandpersonallife.Theysaythatpeopletodayarelesshonest

thantheyweretenyearsago.Althoughitisbelievedthatthingsaregettingworse,lyingseemsto

beanage-oldhumanproblem.Frenchphilosopher（哲学家）Vauvenarges,writinginthe

eighteenthcentury,touchedonthetruthwhenhewrote,"Allmenareborntruthfulanddieliars

（说谎者）（5）存在的问题Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessful

intheprofessionforwhichtheyarebeingtrained.Sowhathappenstothosewhodon'tmakeit?

Whilealltheleadingschoolssaytheyplacegreatimportanceonchildrengettinggoodstudy

results,thefactsseemtosuggestthisisnotalwaysthecase.（6）排比说明Aperson'sageno

longertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageorhealth.There'snolongera

particularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgetsmarriedorstartsafamily.The

socialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool.Itdoesn'tsurpriseustohear

ofa29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother;ora70-year-oldmanwhohas

becomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.

高考英语阅读教材——第一部分篇章结构

7

五、事件类文章

（包括历史事件，日常事件，灾祸，轶事）。关键是找时间点。没有时间点的找最特殊的

土也方。ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.GermanbattleshipBismarck,themost

powerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroythe

shipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowar-tornEngland.TheBritishhadfearedsucha

task.NowarshiptheyhadcouldmatchtheBismarckinspeedorinfirepower.TheBismarckhad

eight15-inchgunsand81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat30nauticalmiles（海里）anhour.She

wasbelievedtobeunsinkable.However;theBritishhadtosinkher.Theysentoutataskforce

headedbytheirbestbattleshipHoodtohuntdowntheBismarck.OnMay24,theHoodfound

theBismarck.ItwasameetingthattheGermancommanderLuetjensdidnotwanttosee.His

ordersweretodestroytheBritishshipsthatwerecarryingsupplies,buttostayawayfromafight

withBritishwarships.Thebattledidn'tlastlong.TheBismarck'sfirsttorpedo（鱼雷）hittheHood,

whichwentdowntakingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.Butinthefight,theBismarck

wasslightlydamaged（损坏）.HercommanderdecidedtorunforrepairstoFrance,whichhadat

thattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforcefollowedher.However,becauseofthe

Bismarck'sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightofher.Fortwodays,everyBritishshipinthe

AtlantictriedtofindtheBismarck,butwithnosuccess.Finally,shewassightedbyaplanefrom

Ireland.TryingtoslowtheBismarckdownsothattheirshipscouldcatchupwithher,theBritish

firedatherfromtheair.TheBismarckwashit.OnthemorningofMay27,thelastbattlewas

fought.FourBritishshipsfiredontheBismarck,andshewasfinallysunk./Wewalkedinso

quietlythatthenurseatthedeskdidn'tevenlifthereyesfromthebook.Mumpointedatabig

chairbythedoorandIknewshewantedmetositdown.WhileIwatchedmouthopeninsurprise,

Mumtookoffherhatandcoatandgavethemtometohold.Shewalkedquietlytothesmall

roombytheliftandtookoutawetmop.Shepushedthemoppastthedeskandasthenurse

lookedup,Mumnoddedandsaid,nVerydirtyfloors.""Yes,I'mgladthey'vefinallydecidedto

cleanthem,"thenurseanswered.ShelookedatMumstrangelyandsaid,"Butaren*tyouworking

late?"Mumjustpushedharder,eachswipe(拖一下)ofthemoptakingherfartherandfarther

downthehall.Iwatcheduntilshewasoutofsightandthenursehadturnedbacktowritingin

thebigbook.AfteralongtimeMumcameback.Hereyeswereshining.Shequicklyputthemop

backandtookmyhand.Asweturnedtogooutofthedoor,Mumbowedpolitelytothenurse

andsaid,"Thankyou."

8

Outside,Mumtoldme:"Dagmarisfine.Nofever.""Yousawher,Mum?"HOfcourse.Itold

heraboutthehospitalrules,andshewillnotexpectusuntiltomorrow.Dadwillstopworryingas

well.It'safinehospital.Butsuchfloors!Amopisnogood.Youneedabrush."

六、事物类文章

1.旧事物：注意与现在事物的不同之处旧事物：In19thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedto

gototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelongbathingdresses,andmenworebathingsuits***

2.新事物(1)引出新事物引出新事物Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrise

witharubbishchute?Youwon'tbeforlong.Miami'sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthose

livingintallbuildingstousethechuteandrecycletoo./Holidaymakerswhoareboredwith

bakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomsheadforabigigloo.SwedishbusinessmanNile

Bergqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld'sfirstigloohotel.(2)结构或原理怎么造的

结构或原理(怎么造的结构或原理怎么造的)Sixworkmenspentmorethaneightweekspiling

1,000tonsofsnowontoawoodenbase;whenthesnowfroze,thebasewasremoved.⑶优势优

势(advantage)势Thepopularityoftheiglooisbeyonddoubt:itisnowattractingtourists

fromallovertheworld.3.事物的起源：找时间点，注意转折之处。事物的起源：找时间点，

注意转折之处。Today,rollerskatingiseasyandfun.Butalongtimeago,itwasn'teasyatall.

Before1750,theideaofskatingdidn'texist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJoseph

Merlin.Merlin'sworkwasmakingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimebelikedtoplaythe

violin.JosephMerlinwasamanofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.Oneday

Merlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball(化装舞会).Hewasverypleasedanda

littleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,Merlinbegantothinkhowtomakeagrand

entranceattheparty.Hehadanidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionifhecouldskate

intotheroom.Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselfroll.Finally,hedecidedtoputtwo

wheelsundereachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasveryproudofhisinvention

anddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.Onthenightoftheparty

Merlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjust

oneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.

高考英语阅读教材——第一部分篇章结构

9

Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Down

fellthemirror,breakingtopiece.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime.

七、新闻报道类文章：抓住报道主体。

JINTAN,JIANGSU:The20students-18boysand2girls-hadathousandreasonstobeproud

ofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung（阶梯）outof4millionstudents

takingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldGupMathematicsContest（竞赛）onTuesday

evening.The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof

14.“Maryoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjust

unbelievable!vsaidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.NamedafterChina'smostfamous

mathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan

10years,ithasbeenrecognisedbytheStateEducationCommission（国家教委）asthecountry's

biggestandbestcontestofitskind.

八、应用文和说明文：安排，广告，介绍，产品说明。九、其他可能出现的文章类型：

1.人物抓住人物生平发生的几件大事人物（抓住人物生平发生的几件大事抓住人物生

平发生的几件大事）2.地理3.节日4.风俗和社会文化

第二部分段落结构

一、引子-主题型

l.AalsoB结构，重点一般在B±o结构，

10

高考英语阅读教材——第二部分段落结构

MostofthediaryisarecordofbigeventsinPhiladelphia.Italsoincludesadescriptionof

BritishsoldiersburningWashington,D.C.inthewarof1812.ShedescribesPresidentJames

Madisononhorsebackas'"perfectlyshakingwithfear“duringthetroubleddays.George

Washington,shewrites,mistookherforthewifeofaFrenchman,andpraisedherexcellent

English.2.AbutB结构，这种结构数量甚多，一般来说B是本段的重点。结构，Allangoes

everywherewithBirgittaAnderson,a54-year-oldsecretary.Hemovesaroundherofficeatwork

andgoesshoppingwithher."Mostpeopledon'tseentomindAllan,"saysBirgitta,whothinkshe

iswonderful."He'smyfourthchild,"shesays.Shemaythinkofhimandtreathimthatway,

buyinghisfood,payinghishealthbillsandhistaxes,butinfactAllanisadog./Theideaof

fightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,butthat'sexactlywhatmotorengineers

aredoinginGermanyandsomeothercountries./Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedfor

otherpeopletobecome"computer-literate."Butnotallexperts（专家）agreethatthisisagood

idea./IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglish

language,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare,“"SamuelJohnson,"and"Webster,“but

noneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn'tevenspeak

English-WilliamtheConqueror./Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.But

unfortunatelyitseemsthatdietingsimplymakes.../Someengineersbelievethatthenoise-killing

systemwillbeusedinmostcarsin1996.Butthecarmakershaven'tdecidediftheywillputitinto

productionbecauseitwouldaddseveralhundreddollarstothecostoftheircars./DavidTebbutt

thinksComputertownsaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclubbutheinsiststhereis

animportantdifferencebetweenthetwo./Holidaymakerswhoareboredwithbakingbeaches

andoverheatedhotelroomsheadforabigigloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBergqvistis

delightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld'sfirstigloohotel.BuiltinasmalltowninLapland,ithas

beenattractinglotsofvisitors,butsoonthefunwillbeover.*/Whenmenandwomenlivedby

hunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?Yettomenof

50,000yearsfromnow,wemayseemasprimitiveinourideasastheStone-Agehuntersdotous.

Perhapstheywillspendtheirdaysgollockingtomakenewspundels,orstrugglingwiththeir

ballalatorsthroughthecribe.Thesewords,whichIhavejustmadeup,havetostandforthings

andideasthatwesimplycan'tthinkof./Today,rollerskatingiseasyandfun.Butalongtimeago,

itwasn'teasyatall.Before1750ztheideaofskatingdidn'texist.Thatchangedbecauseofaman

namedJosephMerlin.Merlin*s

高考英语阅读教材——第二部分段落结构

11

workwasmakingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimebelikedtoplaytheviolin.Joseph

Merlinwasamanofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer./Mostanimalshavelittle

connectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemforfood.Sometimes,however,

twokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnership（伙伴关系）whichdoesgoodtobothof

them./4.A意味着B,重点在B上。，Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnow

considertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompanies

mustnowchangethewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green,“

thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.5.背景和主题。背景和主题。Inthe1930s,alotofpeople

intheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.He…6.具体

例子和抽象现象。具体例子和抽象现象。Threeliesinoneday!YetDickSpivakisjustan

ordinaryman.Eachtime,hetoldhimselfthatsometimesthetruthcausestoomanyproblems.

Mostofustellmuchthesamewhitelies,harmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoften

dowetellwhitelies?

二、总-分型

1.评价（现实和解释评价现实）和解释现实Physicistshaveknownaboutthetechniquefor

alongtime.Soundismadeupofpressurewavesintheair.Iftwosoundwaves,-7Peoplein

Swedenpaytaxesoneverything,soaren*tsurprisedtofindthatowningadogmeansyetmore

taxes.Somepeoplearepayingasmuchas500Swedishkronorintaxesayearfortherightto

keeptheirdog,moneythatisspentbythegovernmentondoghospitalsandsometimesmedical

treatmentforadogthatfallsill.2.整体和侧面Mostofustellmuchthesamewhitelies,

harmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoftendowetellwhitelies?Itdependsinpart

onourage,education,andevenwherewelive./ThegreatmathematicianJohnwonNeumann

wasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular;heshowedthatallgamesfallintotwo

classes:3.总述和分述Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsin

Supermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscoplabels（标签）to

showthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofclean

andsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising./Thepopularity

oftheiglooisbeyonddoubt:itisnowattractingtouristsfromallovertheworld.Atleast800

peoplehavestayedattheigloothisseasoneventhoughthereareonly10rooms.

12

高考英语阅读教材——第二部分段落结构

“Youcangetalotofpeoplein/explainsBergqvist./zThebedsarethreemeterswidebytwo

meterslong,andcanfitatleastfouratonetime/7Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributedindifferent

ways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomachandonwaistline-whichmakesthemlookround,

ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped./

However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green“anddemandingthatthe

productstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyask

questionslikethese:/zWillthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?""Canthismetalcontainerbe

reusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?"/"Itwasthebestnightwe'veeverhad,“saidAngelaCarraro,

whorunsanItalianrestauranton42ndstreet.Z/Wehadlotsofcandlesonthetablesandthe

waiterswerecarryingcandlesontheirtrays.Theplacewasfullandallnight,infact,forafterwe

hadclosed,weletthepeoplestayonandspendthenightthere/

三、分•总型

（这类结构是中国人的习惯，因此在英语文章中很少。）L叙述与点评以上分总）叙述与

点评（以上分叙述与点评以上分•总OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroom

playinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhad

nowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwas

hangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopiece.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrand

entranceforalongtime./Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhich

waterisaddedtotheocean,Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.This

mayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thus

salinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbythe

additionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.2.并列关系并列关系Thezooshadtheir

problemslikeeveryoneelse.Keepersworkedthroughthenight.Theyusedblanketstokeepflying

squirrelsandsmallmonkeyswarm.Whilezooshadproblemskeepingwarm,supermarketshad

problemskeepingcool.（iM\ofouricecreamandfrozenfoodsmelted/