专业英语八级模拟试卷10（共566题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷10（共9套）

（共566题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷第1套

一、听力复合式听写（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

70分。）

Note-takinginLecturesForlisteners,note-rakingisanessentialwaytoachievebetter

understandingofalecture.Itinvolvesmanyseparateskills,fourofwhichwillbe

analyzedhere.I.Understandwhat(1)says.[1]I.severestrain:2reasons一

word(2)inspeech.[2]—newwords2.solution:concentrateonwhataremost

importantII.Sortoutthemainpoints.1.focusonthetitle:writedownthetitle(3)and

completely.[3]2.beawareofsignalsofwhatisimportantorunimportant,

signalsindicatingimportance:一(4)[4]一speakslowlyorloudly一usea

greaterrangeofintonation—employacombinationofthedevicesSignals(5)[5]

—deliversentencesquickly,softly—useanarrowrangeofintonation一use

(6)pauses[6]HI.Writedown(7)quicklyandclearly.[7]1.use

abbreviation2.selectwordsthatgive(8)(nouns,verbs,adjectives)[8]3.write

onepointoneachline4.findtimetowrite(9)[9]IV.Showtheconnections

betweenthevariouspointsthelistenershasnoted.1.usespacing,underlining,(10).

[10]2.numberpoints

1、[1]

标准答案：thelecturer

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[2]

标准答案:recognition

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[3]

标准答案：accurately

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[4]

标准答案：pause

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[5]

标准答案：indicatingunimporlance

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、[6]

标准答案：shortorinfrequent

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[7]

标准答案：themainpoints

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[8]

标准答案：maximuminformation

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[9]

标准答案：thenotes

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[10]

标准答案：conventionalsymbols

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、听力对话组题（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5

分。）

11、AccordingtoKelvin,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A、Customersgotothebartobuytheirdrinks.

B、Customershavetoqueuefordrinksatthebar.

C^Customershavetowaitforsomeonetotaketheirorders.

D、Awaitressnormallycomestothetablestotakeordersormoney.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheserviceatabar?

A、Acustomerhastotipthewaitress.

B、Acustomerhastopayeachtimehegetsdrinks.

CNAcustomerhastopayforallthedrinkswhenheisleaving.

D、Acustomerhastositatthetabletowaitfbrtheirturntobeserved.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、ThefollowingareservedinpubsEXCEPT.

A、alcoholics

B、spirits

C、fruitjuices

D、milk

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、AccordingtoKelvin,cordialsreferto.

A、carbonatedwater

B、softdrinks

C^strongandsweetdrinks

D^mineralwater

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEofVAT?

A、VATistheacronymofValueAddedTax.

B、VATisataxchargedonmostgoodsinBritain.

C>VATisnotchargedondifferentservicesinBritain.

D、AforeignercangetVATbackwhenheleavesBritainundertheRetailExport

Scheme.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、听力新闻（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

16、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecaseisTRUE?

A、TommySuhartowassentencedto15yearsinprisonforthemurderofajudge.

B、Prosecutorshavedecidedagainstdemandingaharshersentence.

C、Theverdictwillbehandeddowninaweek'stime.

D、SomelegalexpertsdoubtaboutTommySuharto'shonesty.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、In2000,TommySuhartowasconvictedfor

A、murder.

B>dishonesty.

C、corruption.

D^bribery.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、WhoareNOTmentionedaspeoplemorelikelytobeexposedtolead?

A、Automobilemechanics.

B、Painters.

C、Waiters.

D、Heavyequipmentmechanics.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19>Wijngaardcnwillfurtherfocushisresearchonwhether

A、thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweenhighlevelsofleadanddeath.

thepatientswithbraintumorshavehigherlevelsofleadintheirbones.

C>someworkershavehigherrisksofdevelopingbraincancersthanothers.

D、higherlevelsofleadhavealong-termeffectonchildrenoveralifetime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、AllofthefollowingaremeasuressuggestedbyBushEXCEPT

A^developingandutilizingnewsourcesofenergy.

B、reducingtaxesontheworkingpeopleoftheUS.

C、encouragingtodesignandcreatenewtypesofvehicles.

D^cuttingdownUSoilimportsfromcertaincountries.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、常规阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20

分。）

"Leavehimalone"IyelledasIwalkedoutoftheorphanagegateandsawseveralofthe

SpringParkSchoolbulliespushingthedeafkidaround.Ididnotknowtheboyatallbut

Iknewthatwewereaboutthesameage,becauseofhissize.Helivedintheoldwhite

houseacrossthestreetfromtheorphanagewhereIlived.Ihadseenhimonhisfront

porchseveraltimesdoingabsolutelynothing,exceptjustsittingtheremakingfunnylike

handmovements.Inthesummertimewedidn'tgetmuchtoeatforSundaysupper,

exceptwatermelonandthenwehadtoeatitoutsidebehindthediningroomsowewould

notmakeamessonthetablesinside.AbouttheonlytimethatIwouldseehimwas

throughthehighchain-linkfencethatsurroundedtheorphanagewhenweateour

watermelonoutside.Thedeafkidstartedmakingallkindsofhandsignals,realfastlike.

"Youareastupididiot!"saidthebiggerofthetwobulliesashepushedtheboydownon

theground.Theotherbullyranaroundbehindtheboyandkickedhimashardashecould

intheback.Tiledeafboy'sbodystartedshakingalloverandhecurledupinaballtrying

toshieldandhidehisface.Helookedlikehewastryingtocry,orsomethingbuthejust

couldn'tmakeanysounds.IranasfastasIcouldbackthroughtheorphanagegateand

intothethickazaleabushes.Iuncoveredmyhome-madebowwhichIhadconstructed

outofbambooandstring.Igrabbedfourarrowsthatwerealsomadeofbambooandthey

hadCocaColatopsbentaroundtheendstomakerealsharptips.ThenIranbackoutof

thegatewithanarrowcockedinthebowandIjuststoodtherequietlike,breathingreal

hardjustdaringeitheroneofthemtokickortouchtheboyagain."You'readumbfreak

justlikehim,youbigearedcreep!"saidoneoftheboysashegrabbedhisfriendand

backedofffarenoughsothatthearrowwouldnothitthem.HIfyou'resobravekickhim

againnow,"Isaid,shakinglikealeaf.Thebiggerofthetwobulliesranupandkickedthe

deafboyinthemiddleofhisbackashardashecouldandthenheranoutofarrowrange

again.TheboyjerkedaboutandthenmadeasoundthatIwillneverforgetforaslongas

Ilive.Itwasthesoundlikeawhalemakeswhenithasbeenharpoonedandknowsthatit

isabouttodie.Ifiredallfourofmyarrowsatthetwobulliesastheyranawaylaughing

aboutwhattheyhaddone.Ipulledtheboyupoffthegroundandhelpedhimbacktohis

housewhichwasabouttwoblocksdownthestreetfromtheschoolbuilding.Theboy

madeoneofthosehandsignsatmeasIwasabouttoleave.Iaskedhissister"Ifyour

brotherissosmartthenwhyishedoingthingslikethatwithhishands?"Shetoldmethat

hewassayingthathelovedmewithhishands.AlmosteverySundayforthenextyearor

twoIcouldseetheboythroughthechain-linkfenceasweatewatermelonoutsidebehind

thediningroom,duringthesummertime.Healwaysmadethatsamefunnyhandsignat

meandIwouldjustwavebackathim,notknowingwhatelsetodo.Onmyverylastday

intheorphanageIwasbeingchasedbythepolice.TheytoldmethatIwasbeingsentoff

totheFloridaSchoolforBoysReformSchoolatMariannasoIrantogetawayfrom

them.TheychasedmearoundthediningroombuildingseveraltimesandfinallyImadea

dashforthechain-linkfenceandtriedtoclimboverinordertoescape.Isawthedeafboy

sittingthereonhisporchjustlookingatmeastheypulledmedownfromthefenceand

handcuffedme.Theboy,nowabouttwelvejumpedupandranacrossSanDiegoRoad,

placedhisfingersthroughthechain-linkfenceandjuststoodtherelookingatus.They

draggedmebymylegs,screamingandyellingfbrmorethanseveralhundredyards

throughthedirtandpine-strawtothewailingpolicecar.AllIcouldheartheentirelime

wasthehighpitchedsoundofthatwhalebeingharpoonedagain.

21>Itcanbeinibrredthatthedeafboy'slifeintheorphanagewas

A、simpleandtranquil.

B、monotonousandhard.

C、quietandenigmatic.

D、boisterousandhard.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的orphanage定位至首段。末句提到了thedeafboy

的生活:...doingabsolutelynothing,exceptjustsittingtheremakingfunnylikehand

movements,可见其生活单调。第二段首句提到Inihesummertimewedidn'tget

muchtocatforSundaysupper,exceptwatermelon,可见生活艰苦，B符合文意，故

为答案。从几个孩子欺负ihedeafboy这个情节来看，生活并不平静，排除A和

CoD中“喧闹的”也不符合文意。

22>ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasallEXCEPT

A、compassionate.

B、dauntless.

C^docile.

D、dexterous.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。了据题目顺序定位至第二、四段。第四段描写作者看到the

deafkid受到欺负后的反应：IranasfastasIcould...uncoveredmyhome-made

bow...,可见他具有同情心，A符合文意。该段第二句指出…myhome-madebow

whichIhadconstructedoutofbambooandstring,说明作者手很灵巧，D符合文意。

第五段中作者面对两个孩子的挑衅不为所动，坚持帮助thedeafkid,说明他很勇

敢，B符合文意。只有C“驯服的、温顺的”没有根据，故为答案。

23、Theauthorwaswhenhetriedtoprotectthedeafkidagainstthetwobullies.

A、abouttenyearsold

B、notquiteaboutten

C、inhislateteens

D、inhistwenties

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题目顺序定位至第五段后内容，迅速浏览各段。因为首

段第二句指出作者和这个孩子年龄相仿，如果能够找到那个耳聋男孩的年龄，就可

以知道作者的年龄。末段第五句提到：Theboy,nowabouttwelvejumpedupand

ranacrossSanDiegoRoad。又由第八段首句"AlmosieverySundayfbrthenextyearor

twoIcouldseetheboy...”可知，作者帮助小男孩的事件发生在一、二年前，当时作

者和小男孩的年龄是10岁、II岁的样子,A为答案0

24、Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably

A、TheWretchedLife.

B、TheOrphanageBullies.

C、TheDeafKid.

D、TheWhaleSound.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。本文叙述了作者和孤儿院里一个耳聋的小男孩的故事。B为

开篇提到的部分内容，不全面。本文没有描述孤儿院的生活多么凄惨，排除A。C

具有强干扰性，但文章主要人物是作者和耳聋的小男孩两个人，C不全面。第六段

第二句描述小男孩在被欺负时发出的声音：wasthesoundlikeawhalemakes...末

段在作者被带离孤儿院时又听到这种声音：thehighpitchedsoundofthatwhale

beingharpooned,可见这个声音是贯穿全文的，故D为答案。

In1981KenjiUrada,a37-year-oldJapanesefactoryworker,climbedoverasafetyfence

ataKawasakiplanttocarryoutsomemaintenanceworkonarobot.Inhishaste,he

failedtoswitchtherobotoffproperly.Unabletosensehim,therobot'spowerful

hydraulicarmkeptonworkingandaccidentallypushedtheengineerintoagrinding

machine.HisdeathmadeUradathefirstrecordedvictimtodieatthehandsofarobot.

Thisastoundingindustrialaccidentwouldnothavehappenedinaworldinwhichrobot

behaviorwasgovernedbytheThreeLawsofRoboticsdrawnupbyIsaacAsimov,a

sciencefictionwriter.ThelawsappearedinI,Robot,abookofshortstoriespublishedin

1950thatinspiredaHollywoodfilm.Butdecadeslaterthelaws,designedtoprevent

robotsfromharmingpeopleeitherthroughactionorinaction,remainintherealmof

fiction.Withrobotsnowpoisedtoemergefromtheirindustrialcagesandtomoveinto

homesandworkplaces,roboticistsareconcernedaboutthesafetyimplicationsbeyond

thefactoryHoor.Toaddresstheseconcerns,leadingrobotexpertshavecometogetherto

trytofindwaystopreventrobotsfromharmingpeople,"Security,safetyandsexarethe

bigconcerns,"saysHenrikChristensen,chairmanoftheEuropeanRoboticsNetworkat

theSwedishRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,andoneoftheorganisersofthe

newrobocthicsgroup.Shouldrobotsthatarestrongenoughorheavyenoughtocrush

peoplebeallowedintohomes?Shouldroboticsexdollsresemblingchildrenbelegally

allowed?Thesequestionsmayseemesotericbutinthenextfewyearstheywillbecome

increasinglyrelevant,saysDr.Christensen.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEconomic

CommissionforEurope'sWorldRoboticsSurvey,in2002thenumberofdomesticand

servicerobotsmorethantripled,nearlyoutstrippingtheirindustrialcounterparts.

Japaneseindustrialfirmsareracingtobuildhumanoidrobotstoactasdomestichelpers

fortheelderly,andSouthKoreahassetagoalthat100%ofhouseholdsshouldhave

domesticrobotsby2020.Inlightofallthis,itiscrucialthatwcstarttothinkaboutsafety

andethicalguidelinesnow,saysDr.Christensen.Sowhatexactlyisbeingdonetoprotect

usfromthesemechanicalmenaces?"Notenough/'saysBlayWhitby,anartificial­

intelligenceexpertattheUniversityofSussexinEngland.Thisishardlysurprisinggiven

thatthefieldof"safety-criticalcomputing"isbarelyadecadeold,hesays.Butthingsare

changing,andresearchersareincreasinglytakinganinterestintryingtomakerobots

safer.Oneapproach,whichsoundssimpleenough,istotrytoprogramthemtoavoid

contactwithpeoplealtogether.Butthisismuchharderthanitsounds.Gettingarobotto

navigateacrossaclutteredroomisdifficultenoughwithouthavingtotakeintoaccount

whatitsvariouslimbsorappendagesmightbumpintoalongtheway.Regulatingthe

behaviorofrobotsisgoingtobecomemoredifficultinthefuture,sincetheywill

increasinglyhaveself-learningmechanismsbuiltintothem,saysGianmarcoVeruggio,a

roboticistattheInstituteofIntelligentSystemsforAutomationinGenoa,Italy.Asa

result,theirbehaviorwillbecomeimpossibletopredictfully,hesays,sincetheywillnot

bebehavinginpredefinedwaysbutwilllearnnewbehaviorastheygo.

25、Theword"astounding"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

A、gullible.

awesome.

C、gruesome.

D^stupendous.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。由题干定位至第二段。首段描述1981年一个日本工程师为

了维修工厂的机器人，被机器人推入粉碎机，不幸身亡的事故。末句指出His

deathmadeUradathefirstrecordedvictimtodieatthehandsofarobot,既然是第一例

事件，按常理会引起人们震惊，故C为答案。A“轻信的”及D“极好的”不符合语

境,排除。B意为“敬畏的”，含有“尊敬”之意，排除。

26、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A、IsaacAsimovwillmakenewlawstoreplacetheoldones.

theThreeLawsofRoboticshavebeeninvalidated.

C、thebook1,RobotwaspublishedinHollywood.

D、IsaacAsimovhasshiftedhisattentiontofilms.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。由题干定位至第二段。末句指出：但是儿十年之后，这些旨

在防止机器人伤人的法律仍只存在于小说中。B符合文意，故为答案。第二句提到

好莱坞最近根据这本书新拍了一部电影，但并没有说此书是在好莱坞出版的，C与

文意不符，排除。

27、Accordingtothepassage,domesticrobotswill

A、hewelcomedbyhousewives.

B、surelygointoeveryhousehold.

C、helppeoplealotwiththeirhousework.

D^helppeoplewithmanualandmentalwork.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的domesticrobots定位至第四段。第三句指出

Japaneseindustrialfirmsareracingtobuildhumanoidrobotstoactasdomestic

helper...,既然日本企业在争先恐后地生产家用机器人，自然会为人们的家务劳动

提叔很大帮助，C符合文意，故为答案。该句后面提到SouthKoreahassetagoal

that100%ofhouseholdsshouldhavedomesticrobotsby2020,这只是一个目标而

己，B为绝对项，排除。A和D未提及，排除。

28、BlayWhitbythinksthat"safety-criticalcomputing"

A、isinitsinfancy.

B、hasitsheyday.

C、undergoesrapiddevelopment.

D^canhardlybeimproved.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的B【ayWhitby定位至第五段。第三句提到the

fieldofvsafety-criticalcomputing"isbarelyadecadeold,这说明其发展时间很短，还

不到10年。此外，从第二句中的回答“Notenough”和第三句中的Thisishardly

surprising,说明在如此短的时间内，safely-crilicalcompuling发展得还不够好，丝

亳不足为奇，由此可以垄断该技术仍处于初期阶段，A符合文意，故为答案。B意

为“处于鼎盛时期“，与文意不符，排除。

29、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofrobots?

A、It'sdifficulttopreventrobotsfromcontactingpeople.

Thebehaviorofroboiswillbemoreunforeseeable.

C、RobotsinthefuturewillBemoreintelligentthanthosetoday.

D、Programmingrobotsthroughacrampedroomisthemostdifficulttask.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:细节题。末段第二句指出Asaresult,theirbehaviorwillbecome

impossibletopredictfully...,B符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到Oneapproach...is

totrytoprogramthemtoavoidcontactwithpeople...Butthisismuchharder...,A符合

文意。第五段末句指出：操纵机器人穿过凌乱的房间就是很困难的事了，更不用说

考虑它的肢体在路上碰到什么了。可见后者比前者更为困难，D与文意不符，故为

答案。

Britain'seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,alivewithflocks,

shepherds,skylarksandbuttercups——thestuffoffairytales.In1941GeorgeMarshleft

schoolattheageof14toworkasaherdsmaninNottinghamshire,theEastMidlands

countrysidehisparentsandgrandparentsfarmed.Herecallsskylarksnestingincereal

fields,whichwhenaccidentallydisturbedwouldflysingingintothesky.Butinhis

lifetime,Marshhasseenthecoloranddiversityofhisnativelandfade.Fannersusedto

growaboutatonofwheatperacre;nowtheygrowfourtons.Pesticideshavekilledoff

theinsectsuponwhichskylarksfed,andyear-roundharvestinghasdriventhebirdsfrom

theirwinternests.Skylarksarcnowrare."Farmerskillanythingthataffectsproduction,

"saysMarsh."Agricultureistooefficient."Anecdotalevidenceofaloomingcrisisin

biodiversityisnowbeingreinforcedbyscience.Intheircomprehensivesurveysofplants,

bulterlliesandbirdsoverthepast20to40yearsinBritain,ecologistsJeremyThomas

andCarlyStevensfoundsignificantpopulationdeclinesinathirdofallnativespecies.

Butterfliesarethefurthestalong-71percentofBritain's58speciesareshrinkingin

number,andsome,likethelargeblueandtortoiseshell,arealreadyextinct.InBritain's

grasslands,akeyhabitat,20percentofallanimal,plantandinsectspeciesarconthepath

toextinction.There'shardlyacornerofthecountry'secologythatisn'taffectedby(his

downwardspiral.Theproblemwouldbebadenoughifitweremerelylocal,butit'snot:

becauseBritain'stemperateecologyissimilartothatinsomanyotherpartsoftheworld.

It'sthebestmicrocosmscientistshavebeenabletostudyindetail.Scientistshave

soundedalarmsaboutspecies'extinctioninthepast,butalwaysspecifictoaparticular

animalorplace-whalesinthe1980sortheAmazonianrainforestsinthe1990s.This

time,though,theimplicationsarcmuchwider.TheAmazonisa"biodiversityhotspot"

withauniqueecology.ButinBritain,"themaindriversofchangearethesameprocesses

responsibleforspecies*declinesworldwide,'*saysThomas.Thefindings,publishedinthe

journalScience,provide(hefirstclearevidencethattheworldisinthethroesofa

massiveextinction.ThomasandStevensarguethatwearefacingalossof65to95

percentoftheworld'sspecies,onthescaleofaniceageorthemeteoritethatmayhave

wipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago.Ifso,thiswouldbeonlythesixthtimesuch

devastationhadoccurredinthepast600millionyears.Theotherfivewereassociated

withone-offeventsliketheiccages,avolcaniceruptionorameteor.Thistime,

ecosystemsaredyingathousanddeathsfromoverfishingandtherazingoftherain

forests,butalsofromadvancesinagriculture.TheBritishstudy,forinstance,findsthat

oneofthebiggestproblemsisnitrogenpollutionNitrogenisreleasedwhenfossilfuels

burnincarsandpowerplants,butalsowhenecologicaJyrichheath-landsareplowed

andfertilizersarespread.Nitrogen-richfertilizersfuelthegrowthoftallgrasses,whichin

turnovershadowandkilloffdelicateHowerslikeharebellsandeyebrights.Even

seeminglyinnocuouspracticesareresponsibleforvastecologicaldamage.WhenBritish

farmersstoppedfeedinghorsesandcattlewithhayandswitchedtosilage,akindof

preservedshortgrass,theyeliminatedafavoritenestingspotofcorncrakes,birdsknown

fortheirraspynightlymatingcalls;corncrakepopulationshavefallen76percentinthe

past20years.Thedepressinglistgoesonandon.Manyofthesepracticesarcbeing

repeatedthroughouttheworld,inoneformoranother,whichiswhyscientistsbelieve

thattheBritishstudyhasglobalimplications.Wildlifeisgettingblander."Wedon'tknow

whichspeciesareessentialtotheweboflifesowe'retakingamassiveriskby

eliminatinganyofthem,"saysDavidWedin,professorofecologyattheUniversityof

Nebraska.Chancesarewe'llbeseeingtheresultsofthisexperimentbeforetoolong.

30、Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatGeorgeMarsh

A、cherisheshisadolescencememories.

B、thinkshighlyoftheefficiencyofagriculture.

C、maynothavehappymemoriesofpasttime.

D^cannotrememberhisadolescencedays.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。由题干定位至首段。第三句指出：Herecallsskylarksnesting

incerealfields,whichwhenaccidentallydisturbedwouldflysingingintothesky.末

句提到Marsh的评论：Agricultureistooefficient,可以推断他怀念以前有云雀的美

好时光，认为农业生产的高效率让许多物种消失了，故A为答案。

31、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofJeremyThomasandCarlyStevens's

surveys?

A^Theyreportedtheresultsofthesurveystothegovernment.

Therewerenosuchcomprehensivesurveysdonebefore.

C^Thesurveysshowmoreplantspeciesareextinct.

D^Otherecologistswilldomoresurveysbasedontheirs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的JeremyThomasandCarlyStevens定位至第二

段。首句指出：Anecdotalevidenceofaloomingcrisisinbiodiversityisnowbeing

reinforcedbyscience.这里的anecdotal（含逸事趣闻的）表明这些证据都是听来的。

此外，第三段第二、三两句指出：以前的科学家们仅仅把研究局限于某一种动物或

某一具体地点，这次，研究的领域更为广泛。据此可以推断以前没有人做过如此全

面的研究，故B为答案。

32、Whatisthedifferencebetweentoday'secologicalchangeandthefivechangesin

ancienttimes?

A、Specieslikethedinosaursbroughttheiceagestoanend.

B、Avolcaniceruptionmightleadtoagreatcatastrophe.

C、Today'schangeismainlycausedbyagriculturaladvances.

D^Today'schangeattributestoamultitudeofreasons.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的five定位至第四段。第二句指出：其他五次灾

难的发生与某一事件有关，例如冰川时代、火山爆发或流星的出现。而第三句提到

这次生态系统面临的问题非常之多：过度捕鱼、雨林被摧毁、农业的发展等。D符

合文意，故为答案。B虽然符合逻辑，但并非文章亮到的区别，排除。

33Theword"innocuous"inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans

A^arbitrary.

B、legendary.

C^harmless.

D^lethal.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。由题干定位至第五段。首句指出：Evenseeminglyinnocuous

practicesarcresponsibleforvastecologicaldamage.从句中的Even及第二句中“青贮

饲料”的例子可以判断，innocuous的意思与damage屑于对立的语义场，可直接排

除D“致命的"，C符合语义衔接关系，故为答案。

34、AccordingtoDavidWcdin,theextinctionofmanyspeciesarccausedbyhuman

beings,

A、arrogance.

ignorance.

C、nonchalance.

D、blunder.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的DavidWcdin定位至末段。倒数第二句指出：

Wedon'tknowwhichspeciesareessentialtotheweboflifesowe'retakingamassive

riskbyeliminatinganyofthem,这说明人们无法分辨何种生物物种对我们来说是至

关重要的，由于无知造成了许多物种灭绝的局面，故B为答案。

35、Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe

A、NitrogenPollution.

EcologicalIssues.

C、Goodbye,Skylarks.

D、AgriculturalAdvances.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。本文首段通过对比，描述了几十年前云雀高歌的景象和现在

不见踪影的凄凉，引出生态改变导致物种灭绝的问题。接下来的段落介绍了科学家

们的调查结果，分析原因，指出人们的无知造成了物种灭绝。四个选项中，A“氮

污染''是第四段提到的一个原因;B范围过大;D也是第四段提到的原因，排除。C虽

然有些抽象，但文章以云雀的消亡入手，引出物种灭绝问题，因此C是各选项中

最恰当的题目，故为答案。

Irecentlytookcareofa50-year-oldmanwhohadbeenadmittedtothehospitalshortof

breath.Duringhismonthlongstayhewasseenbyahematologist,anendocrinologist,a

kidneyspecialist,apodiatrist,twocardiologists,acardiacelectrophysiologist,an

infectious-diseasesspecialist,apulmonologist,ancar-nosc-throatspecialist,aurologist,a

gastroenterologist,aneurologist,anutritionist,ageneralsurgeon,athoracicsurgeonand

apainspecialist.Heunderwent12procedures,includingcardiaccatheterization,a

pacemakerimplantandahone-marrowbiopsy(towork-upchronicanemia).Despitethis

wearyingschedule,hemaintainedanupbeatmanner,walkingthecorridorsdailywithas

sistancetochatwithnursesandphysicianassistants.Whenhewasdischarged,follow-up

visitswerescheduledforhimwithsevenspecialists.Thisman'scase,inwhichexpert

consultationssproutedwithlittlerhyme,reasonorcoordination,reinforcedalessonI

havelearnedmanytimessinceenteringpractice:Inourhealthcaresystem,wheredoctors

arepaidpieceworkfortheirservices,ifyouhaveaslev/ofphysiciansandawilling

patient,almostanysortofterribleexcesscanoccur.Thoughaccuratedataislacking,the

overuseofservicesinhealthcareprobablycosthundredsofbillionsofdollarslastyear,

outofthemorethan$2trillionthatAmericansspentonhealth.Arewegettingour

money'sworth?Notaccordingtotheusualmeasuresofpublichealth.TheUnitedStates

ranks45ihinlifeexpectancy,behindBosniaandJordan;nearIasi,comparedwithother

developedcountries,ininfantmortality;andinlastplace,accordingtothe

CommonwealthFund,ahealth-careresearchgroup,amongmajorindustrializedcountries

inhealth-carequality,accessandefficiency.AndintheUnitedStates,regionsthatspend

themostonhealthcareappeartohavehighermortalityralesthanregionsthatspendthe

least,perhapsbecauseofincreasedhospitalizationratesthatresultinmorelife­

threateningerrorsandinfections.Ithasbeenestimatedthatiftheentirecountryspentthe

sameasthelowestspendingregions,theMedicareprogramalonecouldsaveabout$40

billionayear.Overutilizationisdrivenbymanyfactors—"defensive"medicineby

doctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits;patients'demands;apervadingbeliefamongdoctorsand

patientsthatnewer,moreexpensivetechnologyisbetter.Themostimportantfactor,

however,maybetheperversefinancialincentivesofourcurrentsystem.

Overeonsultationandovertestinghavenowbecomefactsofthemedicalprofession.The

cultureinpracticeistograbpatientsandgeneratevolume."Medicinehasbecomelike

everythingelse,"adoctortoldmerecently."Evetythingmovesbecauseofmoney."

Considermedicalimaging.Accordingtoafederalcommission,from1999to2004the

growthinthevolumeofimagingservicesperMedicarepatientfaroutstrippedthe

growth*ofallotherphysicianservices.In2004,thecostofimagingserviceswascloseto

$100billion,oranaverageofroughly$350perpersonintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,

Ivisitedafriend—acardiologistinhislate30s—athisofficeonLongIslandtoaskhim

aboutimaginginprivatepractices."WhenIstartedinpractice,Iwantedtodotheright

thing,"hetoldmematter-of-factly."Ayoungwomanwouldcomeinwithpalpitations.I'd

tellhershewasfine.ButthenIrealizedthatshe'djustgodownthestreettoanother

physicianandhe'dorderallthetestsanyway:echocardiogram,stresstest,Holter

monitor—stuffshedidn'treallyneed.Thenshe'dgoaroundandtellherfriendswhata

greatdoctor-athoroughdoctor-theothercardiologistwas.MItriedtopracticeethical

medicine,butitdidn'thelp.Itdidn'tpay,bothfromafinancialandareputation

standpoint."Lastyear.Congressapproved