专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷23（共181题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷23（共

9套）

（共181题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题（本题共14题，每题1.0分，共14分。）

Everypoliticalperiodhasitscharacteristicformofscandal.DuringtheReagandefense

buildupofthemid-1980s,thescandalofthedaywas"waste,fraudandmismanagement"

at（hePentagon,symbolizedby（heinfamousS640toiletseat.Amidthegeneral

embarrassmentandexcuse-making,onlyonedefensehawkwasboldenoughtodeclare

thatwasteandfraudwereactuallygoodthings."Weneedmore"of（hem,wroteEdward

LutlwakinCommentary.Ifyou'regoingtobuildastrongerdefenseandbuilditfast,abit

ofcorruptionisanecessaryby-product.Today'scharacteristicformofscandalis

financialabuseandexcess.SowhereistheLuttwakoftodaywhowillcutthroughallthe

demagogueryandthewhining,theoutragedcriticismandthemealymouthedapologies,

andsay,"Look,youwantavigorousentrepreneurialeconomy?"Abitofexcessisa

necessaryby-product."Weneedmore"financialabuse一itisasignthatcapitalismis

working.Whohasthecouragetomakethisargument?Iamnotthatman.Butif1were

thatman,thecasewouldrunsomethinglikethis:themagicofcapitalism,asexplainedby

AdamSmithandhisfollowers,isthatitchannelsindividualgreedintoactivitiesthat

benefitallofus."Greedisgood,"declaredMichaelDouglas,playingacorruptfinancier

in（hemovieWallStreet.Moreaccurately,greedisinevitable.Itispartofthehuman

condition.Andinmoderation,economistsargueandhistorydemonstrates,greedisno

badthing.Free-marketeconomiescouldnotfunctionifwewereallMotherTeresa.But

（hereisnothinginherentinthehumanconditionthatkeepsgreedinmoderation.Sothere

arelaws,andthereareappearances.Boththeseforcesdrawaroughline—andattemptto

placeit—betweengreedthathelpsotherpeopleandgreedthathurtsotherpeople.

Inevitably,though,somewilltakegreedtoofar.Andthat'sagoodthing（goesthe

argumentIlackthecouragetomake）.Why?Becauseyoucan'tregulategreedwith

precision.Keynesusedtheterm"animalspirits"todescribethemotivationofbusiness

people.Asuccessfuleconomyneedsaculturethatencouragesthem,uptoapoint.It'sa

Goldilocks-typcsituation.Youdon'twanttoomuchgreed,andyoudon*twanttoolittle—

youwantanamountthat'sjustright.Butthedialsarenotallthatsensitive.Aculturethat

encouragesenoughgreedinenoughpeoplewillencouragelooniuuhinalew.Ifnobody

istakinggreedtoofar,youcanbecertainthattoofewpeoplearetakingitfarenough.For

somereason,noneof(helawyerswhoaredefending(hebiggreedheadshavechosen(o

makethisargument.Instead,theyofferinconsistenttheoriestoexplaintheobvious.

LawyersfortheRigasfamily,whichperformedtheremarkablefeatofbankruptinga

cablecompany,saytheirclientscan'tbeguiltyofaconspiracytolootthecompany

becausetheyaretoodimwitted:oneis"notthesawiestguy,*'anotheris"clueless."

MarthaStewart'sdefense,bycontrast,wasinpartthatsheistooclevertohavedone

anythingasdumbasconspiringtobreakthesecuritieslaws.LawyersforDennis

Kozlowski,formerCEOofTyco,lakethislineofreasoningfurther.TheWallStreet

Journalcalledtheirs(he"brazennessdefense."Kozlowskimadenosecretofthefactthat

heusedTycomoneyfbrayacht,kepthismistressesonthepayrolland(possibly

therefore)alsoletTycofinancea$5milliondiamondringfbrhiswife.Howcouldhe

havecriminalintentifitwasalloutintheopen?Bycontrast,ScottSullivan,formerCFO

ofWorldCom,engagedinamoretraditionalformofgallinp'eadingguiltyto$11billion

worthofaccountingfraud.Itwasa"misguidedefforttosave:hecompany,"hesaid.Call

thistheVietnamdefense:itwasnecessarytodestroythecompanyinordertosaveit.

Willnoonestepforwardtosayclearlythattheseseemingmalefactorsareactually

heroes?Thatweneedmoreofthem,notfewer?True,Marthahasbeenfoundguilty

(thoughsheisappealing),andothersmayloseincourtaswell.True,thesepeoplemay

havepersonallyharmedtheeconomyandrippedoffmanyindividualinvestors.

Nevertheless,takentogether,theyarcasignoftheeconomy'srobusthealth.Farbetter

thatafewgreedheadsgetcarriedawaythanthatweareworriedthatwearenotgetting

thebenefitofallthegood,healthy,productivesortofgreedthatthiscountyiscapableof

producing.Infact,thinkoftheseunpopularfiguresasthecanariesofcapitalism.They

precedeusinto(hecoalmineofgreed,goingfartherthantherestofusdare,showingus

wherefarenoughbecomestoofarandperishingin(heeffort.Theyaremartyrsof

capitalism,dyingfinanciallyso(hatothersmayprosper.Doesnoonehavethesimple

gutstotell(histruth?Well,Icertainlydon't.

1、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthedefensemadebythe

lawyers?

A^TheRigasfamilyarenotsocleverastobankruptthecoirpany.

B、MarthaStewartissocleverasnottobreak(hesecuritieslaw.

C、Kozlowskidocsnotintendtocommitacrimesinceeverythingisintheopen.

D、Greedisgoodfortheeconomytodevelop.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第六段和第七段可知，选项A、B和C都是律师为他们的当事人做

的辩护，但是没有人做出D这样的辩护来，因此，D为正确答案。

2、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Theeconomywillnotdevelopiftoofewpeoplearetakinggreedtoofar.

B、Greedcanstimulateeconomy.

C、PeoplelikeMotherTeresahelpenhancetheeconomy.

D、Thecasesofthosemalefactorsshowthebusinessmenthefarthestplacetheycango.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在第三段中指出，适度的欲望能够刺激经济的发展，但如果我们

都是MotherTeresa,自由市场经济是不可能健康发展的，由此判断，选项C与原

文不符，故为正确答案。

3、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A^showthatfinancialabuseisabadthing.

B、defendfinancialexcess.

C、criticizeafewpeople'sfinancialabuse.

D、lookforthecauseoffinancialexcess.

标准答案：B

知识点解析；木文作者捉出的观点与众不同，认为适度的欲望有助于经济的发展，

而少数人的过度贪婪则为其他人指出了贪欲的界限。因此，作者的目的是为贪欲而

辩护。故选项B为正确答案。

AtachesstournamentinTunisiain1967.BobbyFischer,(hen24,waspittedagainst

anotherAmericangrandmaster.SamuelReshevsky.Atgametime,Fischerwasnowhere

tobefound,soReshevskysatdownoppositeFischer'semptychair,madehisfirstmove,

punchedthegameclockandwailed.Andwaited.Withfiveminutesleft,Fischer

suddenlystrodeonstageand,withaseriesofblindinglyquickmoves,hammered

Reshevskyintodefeat.Twodayslater,Fischerquitthetournamentandabandoned

competitivechessfortwoyears.Whichraisesthequestion.Whyisthegiftofgeniusso

oftengiventopeopletoostupidtoknowwhattodowithit?In"BobbyFischerGoesto

War"(Ecco;342pages),DavidEdmondsandJohnEi-dinowtellthestoryofFischer's

mostfamousmatch,the1972worldchampionshipinReykjavik.FischerfacedSoviet

grandmasterBorisSpasskyinachessgamethatwasnotonlyanepicstaringmatch

betweentwointellectualgladiatorsbutalsothefocusofallkindsofweird,free-floating

coldwarcultural-politicalenergy.ItwastheRumbleintheJungleandtheCubanmissile

crisisallrolledintoone.Thedramawashopelesslymiscast.Fischer,thechampionofthe

Americanway,wasanantisocial,anti-Semiticego-maniacwhocomplainedaboutthe

lighting,(heauditorium,(heprizemoney,eventhemarblethechessboardwasmadeof.

Spassky,thecogin(heSovietmachine,wasagenial,sensitivefellowwholikedadrink

onceinawhile.HewasAlitoFischer'sForeman.Ofcourse,Fischeratehimalive.

"BobbyFischerGoestoWar'tellsthestoryinfine,briskstyle,interpretingthered-hot

chess-fuaction—theRuyLopezopening!TheNimzo-Indiandefense!—forus

nongeniusesandconveyingtherichnessoftheworldbeyondthechessboardthrough

detailspluckedfromFBIandKGBrecords.Wesee,forexample,Sovietexperts

whiskingSpassky'sorangejuicebacktoMoscowtotestforsuspiciouscapitalist

contaminants.Itseemstobeinthenatureofgeniustozeroinonitspurpose.Inthe1790s

ayoungFrenchboynamedJcan-FrancoisChampollion,thesonofabookseller,became

obsessedwithancientlanguages—notonlyLatinandGreekhutalsoHebrew,Arabic,

PersianandChaldean.Accordingto"TheLinguistandtheEmperor"(Ballantine;271

pages),byDanielMeyerson,ChampoUionwasadreamy,solitarykidwhomouthedoft

inclass,butasaschoolboy,heassembleda2,000dictionaryofCoptic,anancient

Egyptianlanguage.Luckilyforhim,FrenchsoldiersinEgyptsoondiscoveredtheRo­

settastone,achunkofgrayandpinkrockwith(hesametextwrittenoni(inbothGreek

andEgyptianhieroglyphics,whichnoonehadyetdeciphered.Unlockinghieroglyphics

wasChanipollion'sgreatwork,andMeyersontellsthestoryasapassionatelinguistic

loveaffair.Afterfinallysolvingthemystery,Champoilioncollapsedinacomaforeight

days.ChampoUionandFischerwerelucky:theywereheroesintheirtime.Deprivedof

thespotlight,geniuscangrowuptwistedandstrange.DavidHahnwasthechildof

divorced,cluelessparentslivinginaDavidLynch-perfectMichigansuburbinthemid-

1990s.Alonerandacompulsivetinkerer,Hahnsomehowgotitintohisheadinhigh

school（obuildanuclearreactorinhismom'spottingshed,anddamnifhedidn'tcome

close.In"TheRadioactiveBoyScout"（RandomHouse;209pages）,KenSilverstein

describeshowHahnextractedradioactiveelementsfromhouseholdobjects—ameri-cium

fromsmokedetectors,thoriumfromColemanlanterns,deadlyradiumfromtheglow-in-

thedarkpaintusedonthehandsofvintageclocks.Forsheerimprovisationalingenuity,

HahnmakesMacGyverlooklikeJessicaSimpson.Whenpublic-healthofficialsfinally

caughtontowhatHahnwasupto,thepottingshedwassohotthatithadtobeclassified

asaSuperfundsite.Storiesaboutgeniusesrarelyendwell.HahnwoundupintheNavy,

assignedtothenuclear-poweredaircraftcarriertheU.S.Enterprise,buthisofficers

wouldn'tevenlethimtourtheengineroom.ChampoUiondiedat40.Fischernever

defendedhisworldtitle.Hedeclinedintoirascibilityandthenobscurity.Whathappened

tohim?Achessmasteroncesaid,"Chessisnotsomethingthatdrivespeoplemad.Chess

issomethingthatkeepsmadpeoplesane.1'Whichistosaythatgeniusmaylienotonlyin

havingagiftbutinlackingsomethingcrucialaswell.Readingthesebooks,onefeels

gratefulforbeingjustalittlestupid.

4、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutthe1972matchisNOTtrue?

A^FischerdefeatedSpassky.

B、Itwasamatchbetweentwocleverestmen.

C、Itwasanembodimentofstrengthofthetwocoutries.

D^Fischerlostthematchhopelessly.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第二段和第三段可知，1972年那场比赛是在两个“intellectual

gladiators”之间进行的，是美国和苏联力量的较量，最后，当然是Fischer赢得了那

场比赛。因此，选项D与原文不符，为正确答案。

5、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A^ChampoUionwaslinguisticallygifted.

B、ChampoUionbecamegreatforwhathedid.

C、ChampoUionmadegreateffortstodecipherthedeadlanguage.

D、ChampoUiondiedofhardworkingat40.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第四段可知，ChampoUion有语言上的天赋（选项A）,在成功地破

解了Coptic这一古埃及文字之后，陷入昏迷达八天之久，可见其对工作的专心和

投入（选项C）,作者在第五段中说，ChampoUion是幸运的，因为他成了那个时代

的英雄（选项B）,最后一段只是说ChampoUion英年早逝，但未提及死亡原因，故

选项D与原文不符，应为正确答案。

6、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthegeniuses?

A^appreciative

B、sympathetic

C、indifferent

D、admiring

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项A、B和C在文章中都被提及，但不是全文的主旨，作者在最后

点明主题，我们应该为有点愚蠢而心生感激，过于聪明反而不是好事。故选项D

为正确答案。

7、Thebook"BobbyPischerGoestoWar"describesthefollowingexcept

A^TheVietnamWarFischerwentto

B、Fischer'smostfamousmatch

C、Storiesbeyondthematch

D、Fischer'scharacter

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由二、三段不难看出，BobbyFischerGoestoWar一书讲述了Fischer

最有名的那场比赛(B),讲述了赛场外的故事(C),也描述了Fischer的性格(D),虽

然提到了越战(theRumbleintheJungle),但Fischer并没有参加，故选项A与原文

不符，应为正确答案。

WastheRedPlanetonceawetplanet?ApluckyMartianroverfinallydeliverssomehard

evidence.GiovanniSchiaparellicouldhavetoldyoutherehadbeenwateronMars.Itwas

Schiaparelliwhopeeredthroughhistelescopeoneeveningin1877anddiscoveredwhat

hetooktobetheRedPlanet'sfamouscanals.Asitturnedout,thecanalswereanoptical

illusion,butasmorepowerfultelescopesand,later,spacecraftzoomedinforcloser

looks,therewasnoshortageofcluessuggestingthatMarswasonceawashinwater.

Photographsshotfromorbitshowvastplainsthatresembleancientseafloors,steep

gorgesthatwoulddwarftheGrandCanyonandsinuoussurfacescarsthatlookanawful

lotlikedryriverbeds.Givenallthat,whywereNASAscientistssoexcitedlastweekto

announcethatoneoftheirMarsrovers,havingcrawledacrosstheplanetforfiveweeks,

finallydeterminedthatMars,atsomepointinitsdeeppast,wasindeed"drenched"—to

useNASA'sterm—withliquidwater?Partoftheirexcitementprobablystemsfromsheer

failurefatigue.NASAhashaditsshareofsetbacksinrecentyears—includingafew

disastrousmissionstoMars.SoitwaswithsomereliefthatleiidinginvestigatorSteve

SquyresannouncedthattheroverOpportunityhadaccomplisheditsprimarymission.

"Thepuzzlepieceshavebeenfallingintoplace,"hetoldacrowdedpressconference,

"andthelastpiecefellintoplaceafewdaysago."Buttherewasalso,fortheNASA

team,thepleasurethatcomesfrommakingagenuinecontributiontospacescience.For

despiteallthesignspointingtoMars'waterypast,untilOpportunitypokedits

instrumentsintotheMartianrocks,nobodywasreallysurehowrealthatwaterwas.At

leastsomeofthesurfaceformationsthatlookwatercarvedcouldhavebeenformedby

volcanismandwind.Justtwoyearsago.UniversityofColoradoresearcherspublisheda

persuasivepapersuggestingthatanywateronMarswascarriedinbycrashingcomets

andthenquicklyevaporated.Theexperiments(hatputthattheorytorest—andnailed

downthepresenceofwaterforgood—werelargelyconductedonone10-in.-high,65-ft.-

widerockoutcroppingintheMeridianiPlanumthatmissionscientistsdubbedEl

Capitan.Thesurfaceoftheformationismadeupoffinelayers—calledparallel

laminations-thatareoftenlaiddownbymineralssettlingoutofwater.Therockisalso

randomlypittedwithcavitiescalledvugsthatcreatedwhensaltcrystalsforminbriny

waterandthenfalloutordissolveaway.ChemicalanalysesofElCapitan,performed

withtwodifferentspectrometers,supportthevisualevidence.Theyshowthati(isrichin

sulfatesknownloforminthepresenceofwateraswellasamineralcalledjarosite,which

notonlyformsinwaterbutalsoactuallycontainsabitofwalertrappedinitsmatrix.The

mostintriguingevidencecomesintheformoftheBB-sizespherules-or"blueberries,"

asNASAcallsthemscatteredthroughouttherock.Sphereslikethesecanbeformed

eitherbyvolcanismorbymineralsaccretingunderwater,butthewaytheblueberriesare

mixedrandomlythroughtherock一notlayeredontop,astheywouldhavebeenaftera

volcaniceruption—stronglysuggeststhelatter.Noneofthesefindingsaredispositive,

buttheircombinedweightpersuadedNASAscientiststosummarizetheirfindingsin

unusuallyexplicitlanguage."Wchaveconcludedthattherockshereweresoakedwith

liquidwater,"saidSquyrcsflatly."Thegroundwouldhavebeensuitableforlife."Docs

thatmeanthattherewas-orstillis—lifeonMars?ThefossilrecordonEarthsuggests

thatgivenenoughtimeandH2O,lifewilleventuallyemerge,butthere'snothinginthe

currentfindingstoprovethatthishappenedonMars.Withoutmoreknowledgeofsuch

variablesastemperature,atmosphereandthelengthoftimeMartianwaterexisted,we

can'tsimplyassumethatwhathappenedonourplanetwouldnecessarilyoccuron

another.OpportunityanditstwinrobotSpiritarenotequippedtosearchforlife.Their

missionislimitedtolookingforsignsofwater.Butthere'sstillalotforthemtodo.Just

knowingthatrockswerewetdoesn't(ellyouifthewaterwasflowingorstationary,ifit

melteddownfromicecapsorseepedupthroughtheground.Andifwaterwasoncethere

insuchabundance,wherediditgo?Opportunity,whichisverylikelytoexceedits

planned90-daymission,isalreadylookingforthoseanswers,toddlingofftoinvestigate

otherrocksfartherandfartherfromitslandingsite.Spiritisconductingitsownstudiesin

GusevCrater,ontheoppositesideoftheplanet.Thenextstep—thesearchforlife——will

havetowaituntil2013orso.That*swhenNASAhastentativelyscheduledthefirstround

triptoMars—amissionthatwillpluckselectedrocksofftheRedPlanetandbringthem

hackhomefarcloserstudyWhetherhumanswilleverfollowthosemachines-President

Bush'sJanuaryannouncementnotwithstanding—isimpossibletosay.

8、ThefactthattherewaswateronMarsbringsNASAthefollowingwiththeexception

of.

A、relief

B、fatigue

C、excitement

D、pleasure

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第四段和第五段可知，火星上有水这一事实让科学家们激动不已，

快乐无比，也让科学家们松了一口气，所以排除选项A、C和D,故B为正确答

案。

9、Accordingtothepassage,theformationsonthesurfaceofMarscouldhavebeen

formedbythefollowingexcept.

A、wind

B、volcanoes

C、earthquakes

D、waterbroughtbycomets

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第五段可知，选项A、B和D都被提及，而C没有被提及，故C

为正确答案。

10、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe"blueberries"onthesurfaceofMars?

AsTheywerescatteredeverywhereonthetopoftherock.

B、Theywerescatteredhereandtherethroughtherock.

C、Theymayhavebeenformedbymineralsthataccretedinwater.

D^TheyareactuallythesizeofBBspherules.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由第八段可知，被称为“蓝箍”的小球体遍布石块的里外，大小为

BB,可能是由水中的矿物质而形成，因为由火山爆发而形成的球体应该分布在石

块的上部。所以，选项A与原文不符，故为正确答案。

11、TheroverOpportunityisdoingthefollowingexcept.

A、Itneedstosearchforlife.

B、Itneedstoknowwherethewatercamefrom.

C、ItneedstoknowwherethewateronMarswent.

D、ItneedstomakeclearthestateofthewateronMars.

标准答案：A

知识点脑析：由最后一段可知，寻找火星上是否有生命这一-任务要等到2013年左

右才开始进行，故选项A与题意不符，故选A。

Evenifpricesshootbacktoward$50abarrel,thatwon'tweantheworldfromoil.Only

governmentcandothat.Istheinternal-combustionenginedead?Listeningtoallthe

voicescallinghybridvehiclesthefutureottransportation,youmightthinkso.Alternative

energyisbackinstyleamongthechatteringclasses.Butoilpriceswouldhavetogoalot

highertomakeso-calledrenewables—suchassolarandwindenergy-commercially

viable.Thatmeanstheirfuturewon'tbedecidedbychangingconsumertastesormarket

conditions,butbygovernmentpolicy.Thesearefacts.Anyoilcompanywilluse

whateverenergysourcemakeseconomicsense,sinceitsbasicmissionisnottopumpoil.

It'stocreatevaluefromenergy.Wefigurethecostofonekilowattofsolarpowerata

minimumoffivetimesthecostofoilpower,evenwhenoilishoveringnearS50a

barrel一therecentrecordhigh,whichweneverexpectedtoholdupforlong.Solarpower

isevenlesscompetitiveagainstcheaperfossilfuelslikecoalandnaturalgas,andrelies

onmaturetechnology.Aradicallynewtechnology—perhapsreplacingthesiliconin

pholovollaiucellswithpolymere——willbeneededlomakesolaruosl-uffcctivc.Thalday

isatleast20yearsoff.Windiscloserthansolartobecomingcompetitivewithfossil

fuels,bu(itscapacity(osupplylargeamountsofenergyislimited.Andeven(hemost

modemwindmillshaveinspiredapopularbacklashonestheticgrounds.Manyenergy

industrialiststhinknuclearistheanswer,buttheyrelyonamisleadinganalysisofitscost

competitiveness.EvenifyouignorethepoliticalconcernssuiToundingnuclearwaste,

producersoftenfailtocorrectlycalculatetherealpriceofelectricityproducedfrom

nuclearenergy.Itcostsaboutasmuchtocloseanuclearplantasitdoestobuildanew

one,whichiswhynuclearpowercompaniesarenowlobbyingworldwidetodelay

plannedplantclosings.Moreover,itseemstheheightoffbllyto(hinkthathighly

sensitiveindustrializedcountries,wherenot-in-my-backyardoutrageflourishes,will

makeitpossibletositeasinglenewplant,leialonecreateanentireenergy-development

plan.There'salsoaloloffuzzytalkaboutthingslikehybridhomesandcars.Many

analystsnotethatwhileconsumersstillpayulotmoreforhybridcarsthantheycanmake

backingassavings,thisgapisclosing.Whatthislineofreasoningignoresisthatno

technologycompetesonlyagainstitself,andcombustionenginesarerapidlyevolving,

too.Therushtoinnovateisledbythemakersofdieselengines,whichnearlymatchthe

gasefficiencyofhybrids,butatmuchlowercosttoconsumers.Dieselalsocuts

greenhouseemissionsby30to40percentcomparedwithgas.Theconclusionisthateven

withrealoilpricesattheirhighestlevelsin20years,noalternativecancompetehcad-to-

headwithfossilfuelsonascalebroadenoughtochallengetheirmarketdominance.

Giventhisoutlook,marketforceswon'tweansocietyawayfromoil,gasandcoal.Only

governmentcandothis.Andsincethelate1970sandearly1980s,publicfundingfor

R&DintheenergysectorhasbeenhalvedintheUnitedStatesandEurope.Incentives

andsubsidiestoproducealternativeenergysourceshavefallenthroughoutthedeveloped

worldwithonlyafewexceptions-Japan,Germany,Denmarkandafewothers.Thisis

why,forexample,thebulkofU.S.solarhardwareisexportedtoGermanyandJapan.In

theUnitedStates,publicpolicycontinuestosupportAmericasloveofthesportutility

vehicle,whichisthemajorfactorbehindthecontinuedsurgeofAmericanoildemand.

AnabsurdloopholeallowsSUVstobeconsideredlighttrucks—andtherebynotsubject

topassenger-vehicleemissionrequirements.Theaveragetotal(federalpluslocal)taxon

gasis25percent,comparedv/ith50percentinJapanandmorethan70percentin

WesternEurope,whichpartlyexplainswhyanAmericanconsumestwicetheenergyofa

European.YetanyattackonthispolicystructureisseenasanattackontheAmerican

lifestyle,aquickformofcareersuicideforpoliticians.Europealsofaceslarge(butvery

different)obstaclestotheadoptionofnewenergysources.Forexample,highgasoline

taxesdoencourageconservation,huttheyalsocountasthethirdorfourthlargestsource

ofrevenueformostEuropeangovernments.Thisgivespolicymakersadouble-edged

incentivetomaintainthefossil-fuelstatusquo,becauseatransitiontocleaneralternatives

wouldcuttheirtaxincome,whileraisingoutlaystosubsidizethetransition.Yettheroad

toasocietylessdependentonoilisclear.Ifpoliticianswereseriousaboutthesegoals,

thesolutionwouldbea(hand:amixoftaxincreaseonoilproducts;morerigidmileage

andemissionsstandardsforautomakers,andincentivestoretireoldcarsandbuycleaner

newones.Thetransportationsectoriscrucial,sinceitwillaccountforabout80percent

ofthegrowthinworldoilconsumptionoverthenext25years.Thesemeasureswould

motivateautomakerstostepupresearch,developmentandproductionofnewcarsand

encourageconsumerstobuythem.Butknowingthebestroaddoesn'tguaranteethat

societywilltakeit.

12>WhichofthefollowingaboutsolarpowerisNOTtrue?

A、Itiscostinefficient.

B、Itneedshightechnology.

C、Solarenergyevencannotcompetewithwind.

D、Today'shighoilpricesmakesolarpowercommerciallyfeasible.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第三段可知，太阳能价格高，需要成熟的技术，风能的价格比太阳

能低，选项A、B和C与原文一致，故排除；由第一段可知，今天的油价比太阳能

的价格还低很多，从商业的角度来说，太阳能仍然不划算。

13^WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutnuclear?

A、Nucleariscostefficient.

B、Nuclearisthealternativeenergytooil.

C、Industrializedcountriesarenotlikelytobuildanynewplant.

D、Industrializedcountriesv/illmakeanuclearenergy-developmentplan.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：由第四段可知，对核能成本的分析具有误导作用，其实，核能的费用

是很高的，因而不能成为石油的替代品；那些工业化国家不会再建造任何新的核电

站，更不会制定核能源发展计划。因此只有选项C与原文相符，为正确答案。

14-.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutsportutilityvehicle?

A、TheincreaseinoildemandinAmericaislargelyduetoSUV.

B、SUVconsumesmoreoil:hanotherpassengervehicles.

C>Nopoliticianswouldattack（heuseofSUV.

D、SUVsarcakindoflight:rucks.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第七段可知，SUV的耗油量比小轿车大，因此导致美国石油需求

量的大幅上升。但SUV被法律定为轻型卡车，而且没有政治家愿意去修改这项法

律，故选项D与原文不符，应为正确答案。

二、简答题（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

PASSAGEONE

15、Whatdoes"Malefactors"inParagraph8mean?

标准答案：Criminals

知识点解析：暂无解析

16>Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthosemalefactors?

标准答案：Contemptuous

知识点解析：暂无解析

PASSAGETWO

17、What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

标准答案：Tobetoogiftedisnottoogoodforpeople

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Inthelastparagraph,whatdothethreeexamplesillustrate?

标准答案：Geniusesrarelyendwell.

知识点解析：暂无解析

PASSAGETHREE

19^WhoprovidesthehardevidencethatMarswasonceawetplanet?

标准答案：MartianroverOpportunity

知识点解析：暂无解析

20Whatis(henameofanothercapsule?

标准答案：Spirit

知识点解析：暂无解析

PASSAGEFOUR

21、Whatdoes"outlays"inParagraph8mean?

标准答案：Money

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

标准答案：Thenewenergyresourcesarcnotlikelytobeadopted.

知识点解析：暂无解析

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题(本题共22题，每题1.0分，共22分。)

(1)Wasthesummitasuccess?Itdependsonthestandardsyouusetomeasureit.

CertainlybythestandardsofpreviousG8summitsthisonehasachievedagreatdeal,

despitethedisruptioncausedbythebombingsinLondon,writesBBCeconomics

reporterSteveSchifferesinananalysispiece.Itisunprecedentedtoreachsubstantive

deals—suchasthe$50bn(£28.8bn)Africaaidboostanddebt-cancella-tiondeal—atsuch

meetings.(2)TheG8summitalsoagreedtoreneweffortstoforgeatradedeal,pledged

$3bnfbr(hePalestinianauthority,andsaiditwouldincreaseaccesstoAidstreatment,

Schifferesnotes.(3)Thesummitbrokenewgroundbybringingpovertycampaignersand

leadersfromdevelopingcountriesfacetofacewiththeworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders.InthewordsofTonyBlair:"Itisn'ttheendofpovertyinAfrica,butitisthehope

thatitcanbeended."Ofcourse,thevariousdealsfallfarshortofwhatmany

campaignerswanted.Bu(theyhavesetanimponanipr