专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷22（共192题）

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷22(共

9套)

(共192题)

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题(本题共14题，每题1.0分，共分。)

PassageOne(1)There'sthisgreatrecurringSaturdayNightLiveskitfromseveralyears

backwherePhilHartmanplaysanunfrozencavemanwhogoestolawschool.He

pontificates(发表jK断的意见)ontheAmericanjudicialsystemwhilemarvelingat

moderntechnologylikeTheTinyPeopleinTheMagicBox(aTV).Itfitsacommon

stereotype:Humanancestorswere,well,cavemen,andnotassmartaswearetoday.A

newhypothesisfromaStanfordgeneticisttriestoturnthisstereotypeupsidedown.(2)

Humanintelligencemayhaveactuallypeakedbeforeourancientpredecessorseverleft

Africa,GeraldCrabtreewritesintwonewjournalarticles.Geneticmutationsduringthe

pastseveralmillenniaarecausingadeclineinoverallhumanintellectualandemotional

fitness,hesays.Evolutionarypressurenolongerfavorsintellect,sotheproblemisgetting

worse.Heiscarefultosaythatthisistakingquitealongtime,soit'snotlikeyour

grandparentsaremodelsofbrilliancewhileyourchildrenwillbecavemenrivaling

Hartman'sSNLcharacter.ButhedoesmaintainthatanancientAthenian,pluckedfrom

1000BC,wouldbe"amongthebrightestandmostintellectuallyaliveofourcolleagues

andcompanions."(3)Hiscentralthesisisthateachgenerationproducesdeleterious(有

害的)mulalions,sodownthelineofhumanhistory,ourintelligenceisevermore

impairedcomparedtothatofourpredecessors.(4)Notsurprisingly,thehypothesis,

publishedinthejournalTrendsinGenetics,hasseveralgeneticistsscratchingtheirheads.

(5)"Ittakesthousandsofgenestobuildahumanbrain,andmutationsinanyoneofthose

canimpairthatprocess,that'sabsolutelytrue.It'salsotruethatwitheachnewgeneration,

newmutationsarise...butCrabtreeignorestheothersideoftheequation,whichis

selection,"saidKevinMitchell,associateprofessorattheSmurfitInstituteofGeneticsat

TrinityCollegeDublin."Naturalselectionisincrediblypowerful,anditdefinitelyhas

theabilitytoweedoutnewmutationsthatsignificantlyimpairintellectualability.There

arevariousaspectsinthesepapersthatIthinkarereallyjustthinkingaboutthingsina

wrongway."(6)Crabtreesaidhewantedtoexaminethecumulativeeffectofgeneration-

to-generationmutationonintelligence,whichisthoughttobecontrolledbymanygenes.

UsingindexesthatmeasureX-chromosome-relatedmentalretardation,hecomesupwith

between2,000and5,000genesrelatedtohumanintellectualability.Usinganotherindex

measuringaveragemutationsthatariseineachgenerationofchildren,hecalculatesthat

within3,000years,"wehaveallsustainedtwoormoremutationsharmfultoour

intellectualoremotionalstability.H(7)"Thereisageneralfeelingthatevolution

constantlyimprovesus,butitonlydoesthatifthereisselectionapplied/'Crabtreesaidin

aninterview."Inthiscase,itisquestionableabouthowmuchselectionisoccurringnow

comparedtotheprocessofoptimizingthosegenes,whichoccurredinthejunglesof

Africa500,000yearsago."(8)There'salreadyevidenceforthisinotherareas,heargues:

Takeoursenseofsmell.Humanshavefarfewerolfactoryreceptorsthanotheranimals,

hesaid—we'reguidedbyourintellectnow,notbysmell.Wccanthinkaboutwherea

pieceoffoodcamefrom,howitwasprocessed,whichplantit'sfrom,whohasbeen

aroundit,andsoon.Aclog,ontheotherhand,simplysniffssomethingandeithereatsit

ordoesn't.(9)Similarly,hebelievesevolutionnowselectsforothertraits—namely,the

mosthealthyandthemostimmune,notthemostintelligent.(10)Butgeneticiststook

issuewithhisclaims,nottomentionhiscitationsandmethods.Mitchelltookissuewith

Crabtree'scharacterizationofgenes—hedescribesthemaslinksinachain,with

incredibleoveralldisruptivepower.They'relikeabulbonastringofChristmastree

lightsthatsuddenlyfailstowork,takingouttheentirestrandwithit:"Itcanbe

concludedthatgenesrela:edtointelligencedonotoperateasarobustnetwork,butrather

aslinksinachain,failureofanyoneofwhichleadstointellectualdisability,1'hewrites.

Mitchellcounteredthatthisignoresothergenesthatdon'tcauseintellectualdisability.

(11)"Biologicalsystemsarerobusttodegradationofseveraldifferentcomponents,"

Mitchellsaid."Evolutionhasgonetoalotoftroubletocraftyourgenomesoitsfinely

honedtodoitsjob,anditdoesn'tmakesensethatyouwouldhaveallthisrandom

mutationinyourbraincells.Also,youwouldhaveaveryhighrateofbraincancer.*'

1Accordingtothepassage,SaturdayNightLiveskitis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第一段的描述可知，《周六夜现场》是一档具有调

侃风格、以轻松搞笑为目的，并结合现今社会话题的滑稽短剧，类似于情景喜剧，

故A为答案。

2、WhichofthefollowingwouldGeraldCrabtreemostlikelyDISAGREEwith?

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据第二段可知，克拉布特认为基因变异在人类智力的

衰退过程中起着重要作用，进化过程如今已不再选择更优的智力，因此人们不再像

先祖那样在智力发展方面存在压力，与智力相关的基因已不再那么活跃。综上所

述，A和C都是克拉布特认同的观点，故均排除；根据第三段可知，B”有害的变

异不易变化，且易于清除''与其观点相悖，故选B；根据第七段可知，克拉布特认

为只有自然选择发挥作用时人类才会得到改进，比起五十万年前人类先祖迫于生存

而使基因最优化的过程，完竞有多大程度的自然选择正在发生作用还不确定，因此

D“进化过程中，自然选择仅在一些场合下起作用”符合其观点，故也排除。

3、KevinMitchellraisesdoubtsaboutGeraldCrabtree'shypothesisinallofthe

followingaspectsEXCEPT

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第十段第一、二句可知，米切尔除了质疑克拉布特

采用的研究方法和参考文献外，就其对基因特性的描述也提出了异议；另外，根据

第五段可知，米切尔认为克拉布特在提出进化压力不再对智力有利、与智力有关的

基因正在产生更多有害的变异时，并未考虑到进化过程中自然选择的强大作用，其

观点比较片面。综上所述，B、C和D都是米切尔对克拉布特的假说提出质疑的具

体方面，故都排除；A“此假说自相矛盾的本质”原文未提及，故为答案。

4、WhichofthefollowingwouldbetheBESTtitleforthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。作者以一部滑稽短剧开场，借古论今，指出剧中反映了

现代人比人类祖先更聪明这一普遍观点，随后笔锋一转，介绍了遗传学家克拉布特

提出的新假说，即现代人不一定比他们的祖先聪明，甚至在过去的几千年间人类的

智力在逐渐衰退。作者凄着介绍了克拉布特的主要观点、实验内容和方法，同时陈

述了另一位遗传学家凯文・米切尔对克拉布特假说的反驳。综上所述，C“人类智力

已经走下坡路了吗?”最能概括全文大意，故为答案，

PassageTwo(1)SocialmobilityintheU.K.couldbereversedunlessthegovernment

anduniversitiesmakechangestoencourageandpayformorestudentsfrom

disadvantagedbackgroundstotakedegrees,accordingtothegovernment'sindependent

adviserontheissue.AlanMilburnsaidinareportthatsocialmobilitywasnow

"flatliningatbest"aftergainsintheearlypartofthelastdecade.(2)"Giventhe

headwindsthatuniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsarefacing—tuitionfees,

studentcaps,publicfundingconstraints—there'sarealdangerthingswillgobackwards,

ratherthanforwards,MMilburntoldTheGuardian."Astheeconomychanges,whogets

intouniversitydoesbecomeaveryimportantdriverofsocialmobility.M(3)Thereport

recommendschangesacrossgovernmentpolicyandthewayuniversitiesselect,fundand

encouragestudentsfrommoredisadvantagedareas,whoheargueshavebeenshownto

dobetteratuniversitythanpupilsfromprivateschoolswiththesamegrades.Suggestions

includeofferingallstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsaninterviewandconsidering

offeringplacestothosewithlowergrades.Acknowledgingpressureonpublicspending

duringtherecession,Milburncallsonallpartiestocommittogovernmentfundingfor

highereducationrisingfrom1.2%currentlyto1.5%,theaveragefortheOECDgroupof

advancedeconomies.(4)TheformerLabourMPandcabinetmember,whowasthefirst

personinhisfamilytogotouniversity,saidsocialmobilitycreated"fallenaswellas

risers,"echoingcandidcommentsbytheLiberalDemocratbusinesssecretary,Vince

Cable,whotoldanaudienceonWednesdaythatsocialmobilitywasoften"atwo-way

street*'and"azero-sumgame.""Wewanteveryonetomoveupandnoonetomove

down,"saidCable."Butintherealworldnoteveryonecanbeastar.Socialmobilityis

oftenembodiedinthecomprehensiveschoolpupilwhoreachesOxbridge,butwhatabout

theschooldropoutwhofinishedupinalowlymenialjob?Thatisalsosocialmobility.

Butthisissurelywhatmeritocracyisallabout-successthroughhardwork,notthrough

birth."(5)Milburn'sreportsaysuniversitiesspendmorethan£400mtosoftenthe

impactofhighertuitionfeesonstudentsfrompoorerbackgrounds,butsaysthereislittle

evidencethatitiswellspent,andcallsfordeepchanges.Itadvocatesthatmoneyisspent

notjustonreducingfeesbuthelpingtofundpoorerstudents,andcallsforanewversion

ofthescrappedEducationalMaintenanceAllowance,intendedtohelppoorerpupils

remaininschooltodoA-lcvcls.Universitiesarcaskedtoagreetouse^contextualdata"

whenassessingapplicationstogivepupilsfromworseschoolsabetterchance,evenif

theyhavelowergrades.Becausesomeuniversities-especiallyfromtheRussellGroup

ofhigherrankedinstitutions-haveobjectedtosuchamoveinthepast,Milburnoffers

themalternatives,includingrunningnewprogrammestoassessandprepareschool­

leavers,suchassummerschools,andguaranteeinginterviewstopupilsfromschoolsin

disadvantagedareas.(6)Ministersareurgedtoscrapacaponstudentnumbers,which

Milburncallsanartificiallimitonaspiration,andtobelterexplainthetuitionfeespolicy,

underwhichstudentsstartrepayingtheirloanswhentheirearningsriseaboveacertain

threshold.Oneoptionwouldbetorenamethepolicyagraduatetax,whichitis"inall

butname,"saysMilburn,thoughhesaysitmightbetoolateforthat.Healsocallsfor

morefundingforpost-graduates,probablythroughupfrontloans,sayingtheissueis"in

dangerofbecomingasocialmobilitytimebomb."(7)Theproposaltore-introducethe

EMAwaswidelywelcomedbysocialandeducationorganizations,includingthe

children'scharityBarnados,whichsaidithadevidencethatchildrenwerehavingto

choosebetweenthecostofbreakfastandtheirbusfaretoschool.TheIcft-of-ccntrcIPPR

thinktankwelcomedthereport'ssuggestionthat"weshouldlookatapplyingthelessons

ofthepupilpremiuminschoolstotheuniversitysector,withmorefundingbeing

providedtoinstitutionsiftheyrecruitfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.'*

5、AccordingloAlanMilbumSreport,whichuftheIblluwingistheuuncutsilualiunuf

socialmobility?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。第一•段末尾艾伦.米尔本在报告中提到，如今的社会流

动性是flatliningatbest。flatline意为“停滞不前”，由此可以推知，如今的社会流动

性不大，故选B。

6、WhatdocstheformerLabourMPmeanbysaying'socialmobilitycreated'fallersas

wellasrisersinPara.4?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段后半部分引用文斯.凯布的评论对前工党议员和

内阁成员所说的话做了深入解释，不是每个人都能成为生活中的明星，最后总结成

功的秘诀并非来自天生而是来自不懈的努力。由此推断，D是对前工党议员和内阁

成员所述的最好诠释。由第四段第一句后半部分可知，文斯.凯布回应了前工党议

员和内阁成员的观点，文斯・凯布是赞同他的观点的，故排除A；通过该段可知，

综合性中学的学生通过努力能考上牛津和剑桥大学，但这只是社会流动性的一个例

证，B的说法过于绝对，故排除；同样通过该段可知，辍学的学生也有从事卑微工

作度过一生的，这是社会流动性的另一个例证，C的说法过于绝对，故排除。

7、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoMilburn'srepon?

标准答案：B--

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第五段第二句可知，B叙述的是报告所提倡的改革

方向，不是当前的事实，故为答案。

8、Whatisthispassagemainlyconcerned?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。根据第六段和第七段第一句可知，米尔本对政策改革的

呼吁得到多个社会和教育组织的广泛接纳。孩子们在早餐和车费间做艰难选择的事

实更加说明了第六段中提到的改革的必要性，故选B。

PassageThree(1)Cambridgehastakenthetopspotinthisyear'sGuardianUniversity

Guideleaguetable,breakingitsarchrivalOxford'ssix-yearstintastheU.K.'sleading

institution.OxfordhascomesecondandStAndrewsthird,whiletheLondonSchoolof

Economicshasclimbedfourplacesfromlastyeartotakefourthplace.University

CollegeLondon,Warwick,Lancaster,Durham,LoughboroughandImperialCollege

makeupthetop10.(2)Ouranalysisshowsthatuniversitieswithlowrankingsarealmost

aslikelytobeplanningtochargemaximumtuitionfeesof£9,000inautumn2012as

thosewithhighrankings.LondonMetropolitanUniversity,whichcomesbottomofThe

Guardiantables,intendstochargebetween£4,500and£9,000foritsdegrees.Salford,

LiverpoolJohnMoores,ManchesterMetropolitanandtheUniversityofEastLondon一

allofwhichrankinthebottom20-wanttocharge£9,000foratleastsomeoftheir

courses.(3)Thegovernment'saccesswatchdog,theOfficeforFairAccess,islookingat

thefeeseachuniversityinEnglandwantstochargeandwillannounceinJulywhetherit

approves.AlltheEnglishuniversitiesinourtop20intendtocharge£9,000fees,apart

fromLondonSchoolofEconomics,whichhasnotyetdecided.Thefirstuniversitythat

proposestochargelessthan£9,000fbrallofitscoursesisSunderland,whichisranked

48th.Thereareatotalof120institutionsinthetables;38inthetophalfintendtocharge

£9,00()foratleastsomeoftheircourses,while18inthebottomhalfproposetodothe

same.(4)Universitiesarerankedaccordingtohowmuchtheyspendperstudent;their

student/staffratio;thecareerprospectsoftheirgraduates;whatgradesapplicantsneed;a

value-addedscorethatcomparestheacademicachievementsoffirst-yearsandtheirfinal

degreeresults;andhowcontentfinal-yearstudentsarewiththeircourses,basedonthe

annualNationalStudentSurvey.BirminghamCityUniversityhasfallenmostsincelast

year—24places,from66thto90th—whileMiddlesexisthebiggestclimber,reaching

75thplacethisyearcomparedwith112thlastyear.Durhamhasrisenfrom17thplaceto

eighth.Whiletheoldestuniversitiesdominatethetoppositionsinthetables,thenewest

haveimprovedtheirrankingssincelastyear.Winchesterhasleaptfrom96thplaceto

69th.(5)Thetables,compiledbyanindependentconsultancyfirm,IntelligentMetrix,are

weightedinfavouroftheNationalStudentSurvey.Aspartofthesurvey,final-year

studentsareaskedtoscoretheiruniversitiesfbroverallsatisfaction,feedbackandcontact

hours.Otherleaguetablesconcentratemoreonresearchratings.TheGuardianpublishes

anoverallrankingtable,separatetablestoshowwhichuniversitiesarcbest—and

worst—foreachsubjectandanothertableforspecialistinstitutions.Themorea

universityspendsoneachstudent,themorelikelyitistohaveahighrankingandthe

moresatisfieditsstudentsseem.However,ourjudgestookintoaccountthatsome

universitiesdonotteachexpensivecourses,suchasengineering,andsotheirspendingis

lower.(6)ThetablesshowthatCambridgehasovertakenOxfordinphilosophy,law,

politics,theology,maths,classics,anthropologyandmodernlanguages.However,

OxfordovertookCambridgeinpsychologyandalsocametopinchemistry,businessand

management,andartanddesign.Loughboroughisbestforsportsscience,whileKing's

CollegeLondonistopfordentistry.UniversityCollegeLondontoppedthetablefor

English,whileTrinityLabanConservatoireexcelledfordramaanddance.Northumbria

hasshotupthetableformodernlanguages,from48thlastyeartothirdthisyear.

Universitieswithhighrankingstendtohavefewerdropouts,andfewerstudentsper

academic.Thetop20institutionshaveadrop-outrateafterthefirstyearofjust4%,

comparedwithalmost12%forthebottom20.(7)ProfessorDavidTidmarsh,vice-

chancellorofBirminghamCityUniversity,saysheexpectshisuniversity'sfallinposition

tobetemporary:"Itiscausedbystudentnumbergrowth,whichhasnowbeencurbed,

andstudentsatisfactionscores,whichwcexpecttoimprovesignificantlyasa

consequencebothofincreasedinvestmentandofthewayinwhichweareengaging

studentsaspartnersintheirlearningexperience.'*Hesaystheuniversityisinvesting

£180minnewbuildings,facilitiesandequipment.SwanseaMetropolitan,

WolverhamptonandLiverpoolHopedidnotallowTheGuardiantousetheirdata.(8)

Meanwhile,thegovernmenthascutthenumberofplacesuniversitiescanofferonteacher

trainingcourses.CambridgeUniversity,whichcomestopofourtableforeducation

courses,willhave49fewerplacesonitsteachertrainingcoursethisSeptember,an11%

cut.Altogether,almost4,000fewerplaceswillbeavailableonteachertraining

programmes.AspokesmanfromtheDepartmentforEducationsayspupilnumbersare

fallingsharplyinsecondaryschoolsandsotheneedfornewteachershasgonedown.

9、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutuniversities,tuitionfees?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。第二段第二、三句指出，英国伦敦都市大学打算向其所

有学生收取4500〜9000英镑不等的学费，而包括萨尔福大学在内的其他大学则打

算向部分专业课程收取9000英镑的学费。B不符合原文，故为答案。

10、WhichofthefollowingBESTexplainsthefeatureoftheuniversityrankingtable?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段第一句罗列了许多大学排名依据的要素；由第五

段第一句可知，这项调查由其他公司操作，保证了作为第三方的公正性：第五段第

二句又指出，学生的反馈信息也作为调查的参考因素，保证了调查的广泛性。由此

推断，这项排名的参照指标比较丰富，相对来说是公平合理的，故选A。

11、AccordingtoProfessorDavidTidmarsh,hisuniversity'sfallinpositionis

temporarybecause.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。第七段第一句中大卫.迪玛士教授指出，他所在大学的

排名下降只是暂时的，原因主要有两点：学生人数的增长和学生对学校的满意度评

分较低。学生人数的增长目前已经得到有效控制，学生对学校的满意度评分预期可

以通过两种方式加以改善，所以B”学生人数的增长和学生对学校的满意度测评是

可以调整的''符合原文，故为答案。

PassageFour(1)Thegenderpaygapforfull-timeworkershasfallenbelow10%forthe

firsttimein15yearssincecomparablerecordsbegan.Thedifferencebetweenmen'sand

women'smedianhourlyfull-timepayfellfrom10.5%in2011to9.6%in2012,

accordingtotheannualsurveyofhoursandearningsfromtheOfficeforNational

Statistics(ONS).Women'saveragehourlyearningsgrewby2%to£12overthe12

monthstoApril,whilemen'searningsgrewby1.1%to£13.27,promptingone

employmentexperttoclaim"womenaresteadilychippingawayattheglassceiling.*'(2)

Thefiguresshowwomennowearnanaveragegrossfull-timesalaryof£23,100—

£5,600lessthantheirmalecounterpartsand£200lessthanthegapof£5,800seenin

2011.Butatthecurrentrateofchangewomen'sfull-timepaywillnotequalmen'suntil

2040.(3)Economistssaidthenarrowinggapcaninpartbeexplainedbymen'sfull-time

earningsrisingslowerthanwomen's.Otherssuggestedavarietyofreasonsincludinga

culturalshift,moreprogressiveattitudesdisplayedbybosses,andhigheraspirations

amongwomen.Whilewomenarebetterpaidthanmenwhenitcomestopart-timework,

theONSsaidthefactmorewomenworkpart-timejobs,whichtendtohavelowerrales

ofpay,meanstheoverallpaygapremainshighat19.7%comparedto20.2%in2011.

(4)TheTradesUnionCongress(TUC)saidthelackofhighqualitypart-timeworkis

illustratedbythefivehighestpaidoccupations—aircraftpilots;chiefexecutivesand

directorsofadvertisingandPR;marketingandsales;andtelecommunicationsfirms—

beingdominatedbymenandhaving"anegligiblenumber"ofpart-timepositions.In

contrast,fourofthefiveworstpaidoccupations-waitersandwaitresses,barstaff,

cateringassistantsandlaunderers—aredominatedbywomenandhavemorepart-time

jobsthanfull-timeones.(5)FrancesO'Grady,generalsecretarydesignateattheTUC,

said:"Nohealthymoderneconomyshouldhaveanenduringgenderpaygapandgrowing

in-workpoverty.Unfortunately,commonsensesolutionssuchasseniorleveljobshares

andflexibleworkingarerarelyavailableintheprivatesector,andarcnowunderattackin

thepublicsector.nUnlesswechangethewayweworkwewillnevereliminatethepay

gaportacklepoverty.(6)Wagesforfull-timeemployeesintheU.K.increasedbyjust

halftherateofinflation,thestudyshowed,withthemediansalaryrisingby1.4%to

£26,500in2012againstinflationof3%一meaninghouseholdsareexperiencingpay

cutsinrealterms.(7)XeniosThrasyvoulou,founderoftheonlinefreelancemarketplace

PcoplcPcrHour,said:"Womenarcsteadilychippingawayattheglassceiling.Theymay

bestartingtowinthebattleofthesexes,buttheworkforceasawholeislosingthebattle

withinflation."(8)Thegapbetweenthehighestandlowestpaidemployeesalso

narrowed,withthehourlyearnings(excludingovertime)offulltimersinthetop1%of

earnersfallingby0.2%,comparedtoariseof2.3%forthoseinthebottom1%.(9)The

numberofpeopleearningbelowthenationalminimumwagefellduringthepast12

months,theONSsaid,from299,000in2011to287,000thisyear.ButtheONSadmitted

thefigureswerenotexactduetotheimpossibilityofidentifyingpeoplesuchas

apprenticesandtraineesexemptfromtheminimumwagerateoronlyentitledtolower

rates.(10)Publicsectorworkersearnedmorethanthoseintheprivatesectoracross

almostallmeasuresusedbytheONS.Themediangrossweeklypayoffull-time

employeesinthepublicsectorwas£565in2012,up1.6%from£556in2011,

comparedto£479intheprivatesector,up1.5%from£472in2011.(11)ButtheONS

pointedoutthatmanylow-paidoccupationssuchashairdressers,barandrestaurantstaff

andjuniorsalesrolesdonotexistinthepublicsector.

12、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"womenaresteadilychippingawayattheglass

ceiling"inPara.1?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义理解题。第一段第一句指出，从有可比较的记录算起，15年来

英国男女全职员工的工资差距第一次回落到10%以内。该段第三句指出，女性的

工资在上涨后达到每小时12英镑，而男性的时薪在上涨后达到每小时13.27英

镑。工资差距因女性员工工资不断上涨而缩小，由此可推测D符合原文，故为答

案。

13、Whichof（hefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutgenderpaygap?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句可知，虽然兼职工作多由女性承

担，但男女工资差距仍保持在19.7%的高位，导致该现状的真正原因是她们的计

时工资相对较低，D与原文不符，故为答案。

14、TheONSclaimedallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：事实细节题。由第八段可知，最高和最低薪酬员工的薪金差距在缩

小，但并未指出数据来自国家统计局，A与原文不符，故为答案°

二、简答题（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

15、PassageOneWhatdoesKevinMitchellimplyattheendofthepassage?

标准答案：Humangenesarewellqualifiedfortheirjob.

知识点解析：根据倒数第二段可知，米切尔首先指出克拉布特关于基因的描述具有

片面性，认为“基因的运转就像一个链条，链条上的任何一个环节出故障都会引起

整体性的破坏”这一论点忽视了其他并未引发智力隙碍的基因；接着在最后一段指

出生物系统是•个坚固的整体，些组成成分的退化不会影响到整体；进化过程历

经考验，并打造了人类的基因整体，因此它完全能够胜任自己的工作，即使某些基

因发生有害的变异，也不是随机或偶然发生的，故答案为“Humangenesarcwell

qualifiedfortheirjob.

16、PassageTwoWhatcanbeinferredfromMilbum'scommenton“tuitionfeespolicy”

inPara.6?

标准答案：Studentsneedn'trepaytheloanuntiltheyearnenough.

知识点解析：第六段第一句后半部分提到，米尔本对部长们进行了呼吁，要求取消

对学生人数的限制，并更好地解释现行的学费政策。该政策要求，当学生们的收入

达到某个临界值时，他们就要开始偿还贷款。由此可以推断，在收入没有达到一定

数额之前，学生们不必还贷款，故答案为“Studentsneedn^repaytheloanuntilthey

earnenough.

PassageThree

17、Whichuniversityimprovesthemostintheoverallrankingtable?

标准答案：MiddlesexUniversity.

知识点解析：第一段第二句指出，伦敦经济学院的排名与去年相比连升四位，攀升

至第四名；第四段第二句指出，密德萨斯大学排名上升最多，从去年的112位上升

到今年的75位，故答案为“MiddlesexUniversity.

18>Whichuniversityisthefirstonethatproposestochargelessthan£9,000forallof

itscourses?

标准答案：SunderlandUniversity.

知识点解析：根据题干关键词[hefirsione和less[han£9,000定位到笫三段。该

段提到，桑德兰大学是第一所建议向所有课程收取不高于9000英镑学费的大学，

其排名在第48位。故答案为“SunderlandUniversity.”。

19、Whatdoesthesentence"thegovernmenthascut...trainingcourses"inthelast

paragraphimply?

标准答案：Pupilnumbersarefalling.

知识点解析：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。该段末句引用教育部发言人的讲

话，指出当前的教育形势很严峻，学生人数正急剧下降，对于新教师的需求也在回

落，因此导致了政府对大学主办的教师培训课程培训点的削减。由此可推断答案为

“Pupilnumbersarefailing.

PassageFour

20、Whyisthegenderpaygapnarrowingdownaccordingtoeconomists?

标准答案：Becausemen'sfiill-timeearningsarerisingslowerthanwomen's.

知识点解析：根据题干关键词economists定位到第三段。该段首句提到，经济学家

指出，薪资差距的缩小部分原因在于男性员工的薪资增长比女性慢。因此答案为

“Becausemen'sfiill-timeearningsarerisingslowerthanwomen's.

21AccordingtoFrancesO'Grady,whatshouldahealthymoderneconomybelike?

标准答案：Noenduringgenderpaygapandgrowingin-workpoverty.

知识点解析：根据题干关键词Frances(TGrady定位至第五段。该段第一、二句指

出，健康的现代经济不应该出现持久的性别收入差距以及不断扩大的在职贫困局

面，常规的解决方案在私营部门和公共部门间都很难开展。由此可知答案应为“N。

enduringgenderpaygapandgrowingin-workpoverty.

22>WhatdoesthedescriptionofthecurrentU.K.inflationimply?

标准答案：Comparedwithinflation,thepaygapproblemisnotserious.

知识点解析：从第六段可知，相较于高达3%的通货膨胀率，1.4%的加薪比率实

属杯水车薪。由此推断，与高通货膨胀率相比，男女工资差异显得微不足道，故答

案为"Comparedwithinflation,thepaygapproblemisnotserious.

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题(本题共74题，每题1.0分，共74分。)

PassageOne(l)Imagincyourselflyinginbed,yourmindinturmoil.Youtossandturn,

butsleepwon'tcome.Maybeabedtimesnackwouldhelp.Whatshouldyouchoose?If

youthinkfirstoftoasterwafflesorpopcorn,someexpertswouldsayyou'reontheright

track.Foodshighincomplexcarbohydrates—suchascereals,potatoes,pasta,crackers,

orricecakes—makemanypeoplerelaxedanddrowsy.(2)Missedthatone?Tryagain.

Supposetheweather'srotten,youforgotyourhomework,andyourbestfriend'smadat

you.What'sgoodmedicinewhenyou'refeelinglow?Asugarycolaorcandymaygive

youaquicklift,butyou'llcrashjustasquickly.BetterchoicesmaybeBrazilnuts(for

selenium),skimmilk(forcalcium),oraspinachsalad(forfolicacid).Inresearchstudies,

allthreeofthosenutrientshavebeenshowntoliftspiritsandbattletheblues.(3)Tryone

more.Youhaveamathtestcomingupintheafternoon.Youwanttobesharp,butyou

usuallyfeelsleepyafterlunch.Isyourbestchoiceanenergyfixoffriesandashakeora

broiledchickenbreastandlow-fatyogurt?Ifyoupickthehigh-fatfriesandshake,you

mayfeelsluggishandblowthattest.Theprotein-richchickenandyogurtarebetter

choices.Proteinfoodsenergize,someexpertssay.(4)Howdoesfoodaffectmoodand

mind?Theanswermaylieinthechemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Molecules

calledneurotransmittersarechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerveimpulseacrossthe

gapbetweennervecells.Thereleaseofneurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronand

theirattachmenttorecep-torsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulsemoving.(5)Nerve

impulsescarrymessagesfromtheenvironmenttothebrain,forexample,thepainyou

feelwhenyoustubyourtoe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection,fromthe

braintothemuscles.That'swhyyoubackawayfromtheobstaclethatinitiatedthepain

signalandexclaim,"Ouch!"(6)"Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodswe

cat,"saysneuroscientistEricChudlcroftheUniversityofWashington.Toolittleortoo

muchofaparticularnutrientinthedietcanaffecttheirproduction,Chudlersays.For

example,tryptophanfromfoodssuchasyogurt,milk,bananas,andeggsisrequiredfor

theproductionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.Phenylalaninefrombeets,almonds,

eggs,meat,andgrainsgoesintomakingtheneurotransmitterdopamine.(7)Dozensof

neurotransmittersareknown;hundredsmayexist.Theireffectsdependontheiramounts

andwheretheyworkinthebrain.Theneurotransmit