专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷23

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷23

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Therearctwomainchangescomparingwiththepast.First,therearcnewdefinitionsof

whatmancanachieve,ofwhatahumanstandardoflifeshouldbe.Inrecenttimesthis

hasbeenparticularlytruesincetechnologyhasconsistentlybroadenedman'spotential,it

hasmadealonger,healthier,betterlifepossible.Thus,intermsofwhatistechnically

possible,wehavehigheraspirations.Thosewhosufferlevelsoflifewellbelowiho/n

thatarcpossible,eventhoughtheylivebetterthanmedievalknights（「口世名己骑士）or

Asianpeasants,arepoor.Relatedtothistechnologicaladvanceisthesocialdefinitionof

poverty.TheAmericanrichinHongKongorinthesixteenthcenturyarepoorhereand

nowintheUnitedStates.Theyaredispossessedinlermsofwhslihereslof【henations

enjoy,inleirnsofwhalihesocietycouldprovideifithadihewill.Theyliveonthe

fringe,themargin.Theywatchthemoviesandreadthemagazinesofaffluent（丰富

fl\J）American,andthesewilltellthemthattheyareinternalexiles（放逐）.Andfinally,one

ofthereasonsthattheincomefiguresshowfewerpeopletodaywithlowincomesthan20

yearsagoisthatmorewivesareworkingnow,andfamilyincomehasrisenasaresult.In

1940,15%ofwiveswereinthelaborforce;in1957thefigurewas30%.Thismeansthat

therewasmoremoneyand,presumably（大概）,lesspoverty.Yetatremendousgrowthin

thenumberoftheimpoverishment（贫穷）o「homelife,ofchildrenwhoreceivelesscare,

love,andsupervision.Thisonefact,forinstance,mightwellplayasignificantroleinthe

problemsoftheyounginAmerica.Itcouldmeanthatwehavemadeanimprovementin

incomestatisticsatthecostofhurtingthousandsandthousandsofchildren.Ifaperson

hasmoneybutachievesthisthroughmortgagingthefuture,whoistosaythatheorsheis

nolongerpoor?

1、Inrecenttimes,asfarastechnologyisconcerned,thosewhoarepoor.

A^livebetterthanAsianpeasants

B、leadbetterlivesthanmedievalknights

C、cannotachievethelivingstandardthattechnologycanmake

D^havenoaspiration

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C选项所表达的意思与第一段最后一句中的“…sufferlevelsoflifbwell

belowthosethatarepossible',一致，故选C（参见难句分析）。A^B虽然正确，但不是

就技术而言的，所以排除：D为干扰项，原文第四句中出现了“wchavchighcr

aspiration-,但这里的we是一个宽泛的概念，不是只针对富人或穷人而言的，跟

题干所问的不相干。

2、Inthesecondparagraph,"theyarcinternalexiles"implies.

A、theirinternalfeelingsaredifferentfromtherestofnation

B>theyarediscriminatedbytherestofthenation

C>theyareexcessivelylonelythanpeopleinothercountries

D^theycan'tenjoywhattherestofthenationdoconcerningwhatthesocietyprovides

标准答案：D

知识点解析：将线索定位在第:段最后一句中的“theyareinternalexiles”就可以得出

D项正确（参考难句分析）。A、B是根据internalexiles的字面意思得出的错误理

解；C是对exile的错误理解。

Theso-calledAmericanpoorcanonlybedefinedby.

A、technology

Americansocialbackground

C^thelivingstandardintheU.S.

D、thelivingstandardofHongKong

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章第一段最后一句及第二段可知，美国所谓的穷人是以美国本身

的生活水平来划分的。第二段第一句“对于贫穷的社会定义是和这种科技进步联系

在一起的“，这里讲的是定义“贫穷”时需要考虑到科技进步的因素，因此科技只是

影响“贫穷”的一个因素而不是决定因素，所以排除A；B项从字面上看讲得通，但

文中未提到社会背景方面的内容，而且生活标准仅是社会背景的一个方面；D项

“香港的生活标准”显然不对。

4、MorewomenareworkinginAmerica,whichmeans.

A、improvementofallaspectsofpeople'slives

B、fewerpeoplearepoorintheU.S.today

C>thenation'seconomygrowsrapidly

D、therisingoffamilyincomes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第二段第一句：妇女参加T作的结果是家庭收入增加可知答

案应选D。A项是说人民生活各个方面的提高，与原文内容不符；选项B中的

poor没具体交代是哪一方面，在一个国家的不同时期，是否“贫穷”的标准是不同

的，更多妇女参加工作，家庭收入增加，不能直接得出贫穷人口更少的结论；C项

原文未提及。

5、Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestdescribesthelastparagraph?

A、Womenareplayingalessimportantroleineducatingchildren.

B、It'sreallyunnecessaryfbrwomentowork.

C^Improvementinincomeatthecostofthehappinessofchildrendoesn'tmeanrich.

D、Problemsoftheyoungwillbesolvedifwomendonotwork.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段中说妇女参加工作使得家庭收入增加，但却以伤害成千上万儿

童的幸福为代价。最后一句是对该段的总结，也为该段的主旨，与选项C相符。A

项这一说法本身正确，但不全面；B"妇女有没有必要出去工作”和D“如果妇女不工

作就可以解决孩子的问题”原文未提及。

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoes

notliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,or

anyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisaction

willproduceresults.However,ifitdocsnot,therearcvariousmeanstheconsumermay

usetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto

complaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshis

orhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itis

usuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumers

shouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof

purchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingis

usuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhenthe

consumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbe

done,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatis

wrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoes

notworkatallandthesoundcoiningoutoftherightisunclear"isbetterthan"This

stereo（立体声音响）doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumerto

writetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintas

politelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesired

result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotecting

consumers'rights.

6、Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddo

isto.

A、complainpersonallytothemanager

B、threatentotakethemattertocourt

C、writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchase

D^showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据文章第一段中thefirststepistopresentthewarranty（保单），orany

otherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase,故选Do

7、Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbettertocomplain

to.

A、ashopassistant

B、thestoremanager

C、themanufacturer

D、apublicorganization

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章第二段中istocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.In

general,the“higherup"iheconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshe

canexpectittobesettled,故选B。

agoisthatmorewivesareworkingnow,andfamilyincomehasrisenasaresult.In1940,

15%ofwiveswereinthelaborforce;in1957thefigurewas30%.Thismeansthatthere

wasmoremoneyand,presumably,lesspoverty.Yetatremendousgrowthinthenumber

oftheimpoverishmentofhomelife,ofchildrenwhoreceivelesscare,love,and

supervision.Thisonefact,forinstance,mightwellplayasignificantroleintheproblems

oftheyounginAmerica.Itcouldmeanthatwehavemadeanimprovementinincome

statisticsatthecostofhurtingthousandsandthousandsofchildren.Ifapersonhas

moneybutachievesthisthroughmortgagingthefuture,whoistosaythatheorsheisno

longerpoor?

1KInrecenttimes,asfarastechnologyisconcerned,thosewhoarepoor.

A、livebetterthanAsianpeasants

B>leadbetterlivesthanmedievalknights

C、cannotachievethelivingstandardthattechnologycanmake

D、havenoaspiration

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C选项所表达的意思与第一段最后一句中的“…sufferlevelsoflifewell

belowthosethatarcpossible^一致，故选C（参见难句分析）。A、B虽然正确，但不

是就技术而言的，所以排除；D为干扰项，原文第四句中出现了“wehavehigher

aspiration",但这里的we是一个宽泛的概念，不是只针对富人或穷人而言的，跟

题干所问的不相干。

12、Inthesecondparagraph,"theyareinternalexiles"implies.

theirinternalfeelingsaredifferentfromtherestofnation

B、theyarcdiscriminatedbytherestofthenation

C、theyareexcessivelylonelythanpeopleinothercountries

D^theycan'tenjoywhattherestofthenationdoconcerningwhatthesocietyprovides

标准答案：D

知识点解析：将线索定位在第二段最后一句中的“theyareinternalexiles”就可以得出

D项正确（参考难句分析）。A、B是根据internalexiles的字面意思得出的错误理

解；C是对exile的错误理解。

13、Theso-calledAmericanpoorcanonlybedefinedby.

A^technology

B、Americansocialbackground

C、thelivingstandardintheU.S.

D、thelivingstandardofHongKong

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章第一段最后一句及第二段可知，美国所谓的穷人是以美国本身

的生活水平来划分的。第二段第一句“对于贫穷的社会定义是和这种科技进步联系

在一起的“，这里讲的是定义“贫穷”时需要考虑到科技进步的因素，因此科技只是

影响“贫穷，，的一个因素而不是决定因素，所以排除A；B项从字面上看讲得通，但

文中未提到社会背景方面的内容，而且生活标准仅是社会背景的一个方面；D项

“香港的生活标准”显然不对。

14、MorewomenareworkinginAmerica,whichmeans.

A^improvementofallaspectsofpeople'slives

B、fewerpeoplearepoorintheU.S.today

C、thenation'seconomygrowsrapidly

D、therisingoffamilyincomes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第三段第一句：妇女参加工作的结果是家庭收入增加可知答

案应选D。A项是说人民生活各个方面的提高，与原文内容不符；选项B中的

P。。!•没具体交代是哪一方面，在一个国家的不同时期，是否“贫穷”的标准是不同

的，更多妇女参加工作，家庭收入增加，不能直接得出贫穷人口更少的结论；C项

原文未提及。

15、Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestdescribesthelastparagraph?

A、Womenareplayingalessimportantroleineducatingchildren.

B、It'sreallyunnecessaryforwomentowork.

C、Improvementinincomeatthecostofthehappinessofchildrendoesn'tmeanrich.

D、Problemsoftheyoungwillbesolvedifwomendonotwork.

标准答案：C'」

知识点解析：第三段中说妇女参加工作使得家庭收入增加，但却以伤害成千，万儿

童的幸福为代价。最后一句是对该段的总结，也为该段的主旨，与选项C相符。A

项这一说法本身正确，但不全面：B”妇女有没有必要出去工作”和D“如果妇女不工

作就可以解决孩子的问题”原文未提及。

OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwithabrief"Yes","No","Sure"for

theverypopular"Yeah"ratherthanwithalongerreply.Butbriefrepliesdonotmean

Americansareimpoliteorunfriendlytosomeextent.Veryoften,Americansareina

hurryandmaygreetyouwithasingleword"Hi",indeed;thisisagreetingyouwillhear

againandagainduringyourstayintheUnitedStates.Itisusedbyeveryone,regardless

ofrank,ageoroccupation.However,[hosewhoareaccustomediolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk.

Americanssometimesuseplaintalkwhentheyarcuncomfortable.Ifpeoplepraisethem

orthanktheminanespeciallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknow

whattosayinreply.Theydon'twanttobeimpoliteorrude,andyoucanbesurethat

theylikedwhatwassaidaboutthem.Exceptforcertainholidays,suchasChristmas,

Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.Thus,youwillfindAmericansembarrassedasthey

acceptgifts,especiallyiftheyhavenothingtogiveinreturn.Theyaregenerallyawarm

butinformalpeople.

16、ThefactthatAmericanslikeshorteranswerstellsus.

A^theyreplyveryquicklyinahurry

B、theychoosewordstoocarefully

C、theylikereplyingbriefly

D^theywanttobeaspoliteastheycan

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中第一句提了“OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwitha

briefYes','No','Sure',ortheverypopular4Yeah'ratherthanwithalongerreply.”

一次调查显示美国人更喜欢用简短的回答，与C项相符，A项在文中也可找到，

但是并不符合题意。B、D两项在文章中都未提及。

17、Thosewholikeusingbeautifulorformalwords.

A、needmoretimetogetusedtoAmericansimplegreeting

B、neednolimetogetfamiliarwithAmericangreeting

C^donotverymuchlikeAmericanwayofgreeting

D、thinkAmericansarenotpolitewhatever

标准答案：A_

知识点解析：第一段最后一句说，“thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlcmoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk”“那些习

惯了较长问候的人们可能需要更长一些时间来适应美国人简短的谈话”，所以A项

符合题意。

18、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Americansoftenanswerwiththewordslike"Sure","Yeah1*.

B、Theyarenotimpolitewithbriefreplies.

C、Americansinhighranksmustuseformalwordsingreeting.

D、Americansareawarmbutinformalpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查考生对文章的理解。第一段倒数第二句说“Itisusedby

everyone,regardlessofrank,ageoroccupalion.”“人们不分官职、年龄或是职业，

都使用简短的对话。”C项说“美国高官职的人都必须用正式用语”，与文章不符。

A、B和D三项都可以从文章第一段中找到依据。故选C。

19^TheAmericanslikeothers*praisebutifinapoliteway.

A、theydon'tknowwhattosayinreply

B、theyfeelsomewhatuneasy

C、theydon^wanttoreply

D、bothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段的第二、三句说"Ifpeoplepraisethemorthanktheminan

especiallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknowwhattosayin

reply.”“如果有人用一种很礼貌的方式赞扬或是感谢美国人的话，他们会感到不自

在，而且不知如何应答。”A项说“他们不知如何应答”，B项说“他们感到不舒服/

不自然“，都符合题意，C项在原文中找不到依据。

20>Thepassageindicatesthat.

A、Americansexchangegiftsthefirsttimetheymeet

B、Americansseldomgivegiftsexceptforsomeholidays

C、Americansoftenbringsomegiftstotheirfriends

D^Americansonlywanttogetgiftsfromothers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查考生对全文意思的把握。第二段第四句说“Exceptforcertain

holidays,suchasChristmas,Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.”“除了像圣诞节这

样的节日之外，美国人不经常送礼物。”与B项相符合。A、C和D三项都在原文

中找不到依据，所以不正确。

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.The

innerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,but

custom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatterof

fact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassof

detailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverinindividual

actions.Yetthatisarathertrivial（微不足道的）aspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rate

importanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandthe

verygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.

Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Even

inhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsof

thetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetoparticulartraditionalcustoms.John

Deweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavior

oftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isas

theproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsof

hisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriously

studiessocialordershavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thefigure

becomestomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryofthe

individualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionally

handeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichhe

isbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreature

ofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabits

arehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

21、Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldis

that.

A、customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B、thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C、peoplearcstillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingtheir

worldoutlook

D、customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段第二句"Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobe

uniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavior

atitsmostcommonplace.”可知，人们认为人脑内剖活动雇得研究，而认为风俗传

统只是最常见的行为。由此说明人们认为前者重要，后者不重要，因此不对其进行

学术研究，所以C正确。

22、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

A^Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichhe

isborn.

B、Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingsofagroupofpeople.

C、Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D、Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由题干关键词JohnDewey定位至第二段第四句"JohnDeweyhassaid

inallseriousness