2018-2019学年高中一轮复习英语必修一Unit5高考拆组训练

必修一Unit5高考拆组训练阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ABessieColemanBorninTexas,ColemanmovedtoChicagotofindajob,butshebecameinterestedinthestoriessheheardfrompilotsreturningfromWorldWarⅠ.However,herrace(种族)andhergender(性别)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU．S.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying.WhenshereturnedtoChicago,Colemanhaddifficultyfindingjobs,soshechosetobeastunt(特技)pilot.ShewasthefirstblackfemalepilotintheU．S.andwasaninspirationtoearlypilotsandtoAfricanAmericansandNativeAmericans.BessicaRaicheBessicaRaichedroveacar,shotgunsandpracticedmedicine.Besides,shewasanacplishedartistandmusician.ButonOct.13,1910,RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself.Raiche'saviationcareer(航空职业)wasshort,asshemovedtoSouthernCaliforniatofocusonhercareerinmedicine,laterbeingpresidentoftheOrangeCountyMedicalAssociation.WillaBrownWillaBrownwasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnbothapilot'slicense(1938)andamerciallicense(1939)．Asaformerschoolteacherandsocialworker,BrownsetuptheCoffeySchoolofAeronauticsatChicago'sHarlemAirport,whichlaterbecamethefirstgovernment­approvedaviationtrainingschoolforAfricanAmericans.PeggyWhitsonAt57,PeggyWhitsonwastheworld'soldestspacewoman.Shehasspent500daysoffEarth—morethananyotherwoman,andin2008,shebecamethefirstfemalemanderoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)．ShemadehereighthspacewalkonMarch30,2017andshebeatthecurrentrecordforwomenof50hoursand40minutesoftotalspacewalkingtime.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四位女性飞行员。)1．WhydidBessieColemanmovetoFrance?A．Toacquirestuntskills.B．Tofindawell­paidjob.C．TotakepartinWorldWarⅠ.D．Toachieveherflyingdream.解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段的“herrace(种族)andhergender(性别)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU．S.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying”可知，BessieColeman到法国是想实现自己成为飞行员的梦想。2．Whomadeacontributiontoaviationeducation?A．BessieColeman. B．BessicaRaiche.C．WillaBrown. D．PeggyWhitson.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句可知，WillaBrown创办了第一所政府支持的非裔美国人飞行训练学校。3．Whichofthefollowingdothefourshare?A．Theyareoutstandingwomenpilots.B．Theysuffereddiscriminationatwork.C．Theyneverreceivedgoodeducation.D．Theyhaveshowngreatcreativity.解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself”以及第三段和第四段的内容可推知，这四位都是杰出的女飞行员。BWhenSarahHansenfirstcametoBonnieSchlachte'sballetstudio,shejokinglycalledherselfa“weeble­wobble”，tellingherballetteacherthatshewouldfallwhenshetriedtowalk.“Shecouldn'twalkacrosstheroomwithoutholdingontosomething，”recalledSchlachte.“Shewouldimmediatelyfall.”Hansenwasonlyinmiddleschool,butaprogressiveneurological(神经性的)diseasepreventedherfromwalking,letalonedoingballet.ButHansenhadastrongspiritanddesperatelywantedtolearnballet.HansentookweeklygroupclassesatSchlachte'sballetstudiocalledBalletforallKids,astudiothatteacheschildrenwithandwithoutdisabilities.Soonaftershebeganclassesandprivatelessons,herfamilysawavastimprovementinherabilitytomove.Sheworkedtirelesslyinthestudio,focusingonwhatherinstructorwantedfromher.“Atthetime,herfootwouldn'tfullyrestonthefloor，”explainedSchlachte.“That'swhyshecouldn'tstandonherowniftherewasnosupport.”Schlachtepushedherstudent,explainingtoHansenthatherbrainhasneuroplasticity(神经可塑性),soeventuallyitwillreceivethemessage.Holdingadegreeinpsychology,BonnieSchlachtewastheperfectpersontopushHansentodoherbest.Schlachteputherselfthroughcollegewithdanceandtheaterscholarships.Aftergraduation,shecameacrossachancetohelpchildrenwithdisabilities.Shefellinlovewithandchosetofocusonjobsinthatfield.Yearslater,SchlachtefoundherselfwatchingandcelebratingHansen,whoatonepointcouldbarelywalk,butnowcouldmoveacrosstheflooronherowntwofeet.“Oneday,herankledropped,andsheputherwholefootontheground，”saidSchlachte.“Iwascryingandhermomwascrying.Itwasagreatmoment.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，从小患有神经系统疾病的SarahHansen不能走路，然而她却喜欢跳芭蕾。在老师的耐心教导和自己的努力下，她终于能够独立行走了。4．WhydidSarahHansencallherselfa“weeble­wobble”？A．Shehaddifficultyinwalking.B．Shewasapoorballetdancer.C．Shehadnoideaaboutherbrain.D．Shemadeslowprogressatschool.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段的“tellingherballetteacherthatshewouldfallwhenshetriedtowalk”可知，当她走路时，她就会摔倒，这是她称呼自己为weeble­wobble的原因。5．WhatkindofpersonwasSarahHansen?A．Energeticandconfident.B．Optimisticandgenerous.C．Independentandout­going.D．Determinedandhard­working.解析：选D推理判断题。由第二段的“ButHansenhadastrongspiritanddesperatelywantedtolearnballet”和第三段的第一句可推知，她是一个意志坚定而且勤奋的人。6．WhatmadeSchlachteandHansen'smothercry?A．Hansen'sdegreeinpsychology.B．Hansen'simprovementinmoving.C．Hansen'swillingnesstolearnballet.D．Hansen'swinningdancescholarships.解析：选B细节理解题。由最后一段的“couldmoveacrosstheflooronherowntwofeet”和“sheputherwholefootontheground”可知，Hansen能够自己走路了，她在走路方面取得的进步让她的老师和母亲喜极而泣。CStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2020torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillpletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitepetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethemonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天体物理学)andcosmology(宇宙学)．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(滥伐森林),anddecimation(大批杀死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考虑不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探测器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(开端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。7．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.解析：选C细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。8．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored解析：选C词义猜测题。由该词前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。9．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.解析：选A观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。10．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．astronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Somepeoplechoosetoliveinaflatsharingwithothers.Otherscan'timagineleavingtheirperfectflatstolivewithlotsofotherpeople.Ifyoulivealone,you'reresponsibleforyourownspace.Ifyouneedyourquietspace,you'reguaranteedtohaveit.__1__Andyoucancatchupwithworkwithoutbeinginterruptedorhavealongandundisturbedbath.However,there'snoonearoundifyouneedahelpinghand.Ifsomethinggetsbroken,you'llhavetofixityourself.__2__Youdon'thavefriendsathometoinviteyououtandhelpyoumeetpeople.There'snooneathometohaveacupofteawithandtalkabouthowyourdaywas.__3__Sometimeswhenyougethome,thecakeyourcolleaguegaveyouasathank­youpresentismysteriouslygone.Wheneveryouwantarelaxingbath,there'snohotwaterleftandsomeonewantstoeineveryfiveminutes.It'salsorarel