高考英语阅读推断题讲解及专练

阅读专题：推断题

解题思路：大部分推断题只要找到文章与各个段落中心句，根据中

心意思去推断就可以，正确答案和主旨有着高度相似性。细节推断

最难，需要逐个带着选项回去到文中找。

推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓

意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或儿句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清止确选项

或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。推理判断题一般概括为

1）细节推断2）词义推断3）观点态度推断

其他

推断题题干标志词：infer,suggest,indicate,conclude,imply,learnfrom,weknowthat....,thewriter

believes...

方法特征：

总体来说，推断题要立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念或过于片面；切记掺杂自己主观

想法、经验；不可选择对阅读材料的简单重复的选项。

细节推断题（1）中心相关（2）细节

主旨推断题（1）中心相关（给段落分层）（2）主旨相关

从推断题类别将解题技巧总结如下：

（1）推断观点态度：一般问题形式为：Thewriter,sattitudetoward...is...

Thewriterthoughtthat...

技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、过渡词及所举例子，推

断作者的弦外之音，如：作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rath6r等，则常带否定意味。

说明文中作者的态度:objective客观的

neutral中立的

在议论文中，有：

（1）positive积戒的（2）negative消极的

（3）neutral中立的（4，approval赞成的

（5）disapproval不赞成的

（6）indifferent漠不笑心的

（7）ironic讽刺的（8）critical批评的

（9）optimistic乐观的（10）pessimistic悲观的

（11）cautious谨慎的（12）admiring崇拜的

（2）推断词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其

在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和平时积累的常识，来推

测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。

①根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有3种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Mostseaweed

isredandbrownincolor.（seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为"海草"）Invariablythebackgroundwasthe

same,（invariably由in+vary+able+ly构成，意为“不可改变地"）YoiTHbepunishedifyoudesert

rubbisheverywhere,（desert由名词desert转化而成，意为“丢弃”）

②根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、

反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;they

woulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds.（由devour与后面动词kill的并列结构得

知devour意为“毁坏”）

Woodandskinshaveeasilyrottedaway,butstonedoesn'tdecay.（根据but的反义结构可知decay

意为“腐烂”）

③根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词Modernalpiniststrytoclimb

mountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport.（由句子的意义可看出alpinist意为"把登山作为体

育运动的人”）

（3）推断写作意图目的：方法1.从主旨来推2.从问题类别来推

一般如：记叙文特别是有趣经历或幽默故事的目的是娱乐读者：makepeoplelaughortotellan

interestingexperience；夹叙夹议目的让读者得到某种启示或教育;广告和议论文目的是说服读者接受某

种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普类说明文或新闻报告目的是告知读者某些信息。

细节推断题

（2016年天津，B）

Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,

andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couklprobably

accomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.

MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntil（helastmoment.Book

reportsweren'twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.

I'vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster's

degreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea"vo-tech"student（技校学生）.They're

called“motorheads”bytherestofthestudentbody.

42.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'schildren?（文章内容推断）

A.Hisdaughterdocsbetterinschool.

B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster'sdegree.

C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.

D.Hissoncouldn'twritehisbookreports.

答案：A根据答案回去找细节，注意选项与文中时态语态的细微差别。

天津2018年6月C篇

Sustainability（可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfood

productionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominga

necessity.03Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscould

usehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliar

ingredients（烹饪原料）.②3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemight

stock"food"thatlastsyearsonend.freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstorage

requirements

2.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.

B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.

D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

这道题我们可以看出这段的主旨是可持续性，因此，第三段的正确答案很有可能与可持续性有关。

开头第一句话明显不像主旨句，第二句和段落标题一致，因此，它整个段落的中心句。只有D在说

可持续性。

2016全国卷三

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassic

rulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadand

monitored（监控）indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople1se-mailsand

onlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsob

stories.

"The"ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,*'saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityof

Pennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastory

withyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasa

DebbieDowner."

2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A.They'resociallyinactive.

B.They'regoodattellingstories.

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D.Thercserchresultsarcwritteninstone.

答案：A这道推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。

段落推断题

2014天津B

"It'sreallyfUn"，saidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentfbroneofthetestruns."Obviously

youcan'tshakehandswiththeauthor,huttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon'tgetfroma

regularbooksigning..

Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthors

whothinksheistryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergot

senttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn'taffordit.”

45.WhalcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?

A.Atwooddoesn'tmeantoendbooktours.

B.CriticsthinktheLongPcnisoflittleuse

C.BookstoreownersdonotsupporttheLongPen

D.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost

答案：A这道题属于细节推断，只能回去文章找，注意细节。

2015年天津高考B篇

TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalk

totherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsfbrittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn'tjust

delivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthe

household.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamily

photos.

Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocial

robots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.t4Wehavetechnologiesto

trainsocialrobotstodothingsnotfbrus,butwithusJsaidBreazeaL

42.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.

B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.

C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.

D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.

44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.

A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmates

C.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers

答案：DB

提示：注意选项偷换主语，需要考生有一定词汇量，能看懂文中与选项中的同义词替奥。

2013天津D.

Whenaskedabouthappiness,weusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary,anabsolutedelight,which

seemstogetrarertheolderweget.

Forkids,happinesshasamagicalquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeis

unreserved（毫不掩饰的）.

Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit'sconditionalonsuchthingsas

excitement,loveandpopularity.!canstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemost

attractiveboyattheschoolparty.

Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoy——love,marriage,birth——alsobringresponsibilityandthe

riskofloss.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated（复杂的）

Mydefinitionforhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,the

happierweare.It?seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriendsjhefreedomtolive

whereweplease,andevengoodhealth.

Iexperiencedmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelast

lunch-boxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspenlanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.When

thekidsandmyhusbandcamehome,!enjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.

Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.I

don'tthinkthatmygrandmother,whoraised14children,hadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanetworkofclose

friendsandfamily,andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.

We,however,withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryarea,haveturnedhappiness

intoonemorethingwe'vegottohave.We'vesoself-consciousaboutour“right“toitthatit'smaking

usmiserable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess,withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohave

thosethingsaren'tnecessarilyhappier

Happinessisn'taboutwhathappenstous--itTsabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It，stheskillful

wayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative.lt'snotwishingforwhatwedon'thave,butenjoyingwhatwe

dopossess.

52.WhatcanwclearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph5and6?

A.Shecareslittleaboutherownhealth

B.Sheenjoysthefreedomoftraveling

C.Sheiseasilypleasedbythingsindailylife

D.Sheprefersgettingpleasurefromhousework

53.WhatcanbeinformedfromParagraph7?

A.Psychologiststhinksatisfyingworkiskeytohappiness

B.Psychologists*opinioniswellprovedbyGrandma?case

C.Grandmaoftenfoundtimeforsocialgatherings

D.Grandma*shappinesscamefrommodestexpectationsoflife

答案：CD

依然围绕文章与段落主旨推断。

词义、句意推断

（2018滨海七校一模，C）

Bytryingtotickle（挠痒痒）ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpciIshiyamaandhisadviser

arediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinand

uniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.

It（urnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichael

Brechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoy

changedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenerve

cellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesanindividualbeingtickledtolosecontrol.

64.Theunderlinedword“squeak“inParagraph2maybeexplainedby.

A.giveasmileB.makeanoiseC.burstintotearsD.watchwithstaringeyes

答案：B词义推断得把选项单词带回去试，否则容易误选A,实际上主语是老鼠，能排除A。

2016天津C

Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewho

haddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimes

aslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamily

socialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.

Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings

（基砒）ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.

Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,（"Onecan

livemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtolove

one'swork//）

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sharp"probablymeaninParagraph4?（猜测词意）

A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.

C.Clearanddefinite.D.suddenandrapid.

答案：C

句子虽然长，但是大部分信息是废话，注意找出句子主干，实际上sharp是Thelink的表语，形容Thelink,看到

这里，这时答题就变得容易了。

2015天津高考D篇

Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.

Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthan

mostofusrealize.

52.Whatistheimpliedmean.ingoftheunderlinedpart?(词意猜测)

A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.

B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.

C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.

D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.

答案：B根据主旨选。

观点态度推断

2015新课标全国1卷B

ThefreezingNortheastospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybags

werepackedbeforeyoucouldsay"sunshine".IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeaches

andorangetrees.Whenwctoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,1sentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimming

pools,winetasting,andpinksunse(s(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart-

particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables-wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarahasn't

beenaterriblyfunplacetsotafarmers5market(hatproved(obemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.

Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupits(en(severySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,along

NorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries,thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;and

mostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.

Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I'verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.No

matterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey'reunfailinglydry,hard,andtasteless.ButIhomed

in,withuncertainty,ononeparticular(ableattheBrown'sGroveFarm'sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeof

myfist.Theseweretherealdeal-andatthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingto

beeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn'tbeexperiencingagainformonths.

DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown'sGroveFarmisoneof

(hesuppliersfbrJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRilzCarlton,where-luckilyforme-Iwas

planningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu,IknewI'dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.

24.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?

A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.

答案：B回到文中，会发现，作者认为纽约的生活不够理想，所以从B或D中选，而D程度太深，故B合适。

（2018天津十二校联考一模，B）

Tobehonest,I'veneverbeenmuchofabirdperson.Ialsohaveahealthyrespectfbrbirds,andbyhealthyI

meanslightlyfear-based.They'rebasicallylivingdinosaurs.

Iwishthey'dchosenanotherbackyard.ThereareonlysomanysunnydaysinSeattle,andIstillcan'tdoany

gardeningoutthere.ButFmalsogratefulthat1gottoseethislittlebitofnatureunfoldupclose.It'sprettyamazing.

44.Bysaying"They'rebasicallylivingdinosaurs^^inparagraph5,theauthormeans.

A.birdsarerare.B.birdsareveryugly.

C.sheisafraidofbirds.D.sheisrespectfultobirds.

答案：C

L状语从句概念？

状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。状语从句在高考中考察基本是以翻译从句引导词为

主。

2.分类以及各个从属连词用法？

2.1时间状语从句（when,while,as,not…until,since,before...）

when,while,as

区别：while用引导的动作必须是持续的，侧重于主句动作和从句动作相对比

e.g二wascookingatnoonwhileshewassleeping.

as"一边…一边…”或着“随着”

e.gHewaslookingbehindashewalked.

Astinesflies,theweatherisgettingcoolerandcooler

当主句表达短暂性动作，而从句表示一段时间内的延续性动作时，.用三者都可以

ImetJimwhen/while/asIwasridinginHepingRoad.

其他：assoonas,immediately,directly,themoment,theinstant,once（---就,••）

Theboyburstintotearsimmediate!yhesawhismom.

IwillleavehereassoonasIgetmyvisa.（主将从现：if/assoonas/when/until

引导的时间状语从句）

nosooner…than…；hardly…when…；scarcely…whew（一…就…，但含有否定意味的词置于句

首时，主句要部分倒装）

（hardly…before…;scarcely…before…）主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Thadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.

HadlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.

Nosoonerhadwereachedatschoolthanthebellwent.

till/untill（直到till不可以用于句首）,not…until（直到…才…）

注意notuntil强调句用法和倒装句用法。

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIrealizedtheimportance.

NotuntilyoutoldmedidTrealizedtheimportance.

since:itis+一段时间+since

Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.

before:itwas/willbe+一段时间+before"…才””…就"

ItwashalfayearbeforeTcameback.Iwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.

2.2地点状语从句

通常由where引导，用来表达主句动作发生的场所，通常结构是“where+陈述句”，从句可放在句

首或句末。

Heliveswheretheclimateiswarm.

Helivesinacitywheretheclimateiswarm.

另外也可以由wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导地点状语从句

2.3原因状语从句

2.3.1连词

直接因果关系；because,可以用来回答why

是双方都知道的原因：as表示“由于“，

Asyouhavefinishedyourwork,youcangohomenow.

since表示人们已知的事实或不需要强调的原因Sincewedon'thaveclasstomorrow,whynotgo

outforapicnic?

for表示推断的理由，是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。Itrainedlastnight,fortheground

iswetthismorning.

2.3.2介词

becauseof,dueto,owingto，后面只能接名词而不是从句.Owingtohiscarelessnesswehad

anaccident.

2.3.3其他复合连词

seeing/now/considering/given（that）（用于主句前）

表示“既然”，Nowthatit'sraininghard,we'llhavetostayhereforthenight.

2.4目的状语从句

2.4.1常见的连词有：

sothat,inorderthat或that,且从句中常含有情态动词，may/might,can、could

Ispokeslowlyandclearlysothat/inorderthattheaudiencecouldunderstandme.

2.4.2从句简化为词组

有：inordertodo,soastodo（只能用于句中）

Inordertogetabetterview,weclimbedhigh.

2.4.3其他

forfearthat（生怕）incase（以防，万一）

Takeanumbrellawithyouunlessitshouldrain.

2.5结果状语从句

2.5.1常见的连词有：

sothat

so…thatso+形容词/副词/分词Hewassoangrythathelostcontrolofhimself.

such…thatsuch+名词：Hehassuchaninterestingbookthatweal1wanttoreadit.

注意倒装：

such/so-that引导的从句，为了表强调，将主句中的so/such引导的部分置于句首，主句部分倒装。

Suchaninterestingbookdoeshehavethatweallwanttoreadit.

2.6条件状语从句

if如果，unless除非，as/solongas（只要），supposing（suppose）that,providing（provided）that

（假如）

2.7方式状语从句as（正如）asif,asthough（好像）

WemustdoasthePartytellsus（todo）.

asif/asthough经常引导虚拟语气，但是当陈述的情况很有可能发生时，

也可以用陈述语气。

Helooksasifheisangry.

TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.

2.8让步状语从句

nomasterwh-/wh-ever,whether…or…，although,though,evenif/eventhough（即使，尽

管）,as,while（然而）

2.8.1Nomatterwh-/wh-ever,Nomatterhow/however,whether…or…

Yousayyouwillnotgowithme,nomatterwhatIsay.

Whetheryoubelieveornot,thisisthetruth.

2.8.2as/though引导让步状语从句，要形式倒装，（though可以倒也可以不倒形表、谓、状提前。

表：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonhiswork.

谓：Tryashemight,hedidn'tpasstheexam.

Changeyourmindasyoudo,youwillgetnotnohelp.

行为动词提前，从句主语后用情态动词，如果没有情态动词，那么加上一个do/does/'did

状：HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththeminaveryshorttime.

2.9比较状语从句as…as,notas\soas,than

Myhonetownisas/sobeautifulasHangzhou.

HehasgotnolesspresentsthanIdidlasttime.

when,whenever,whi1e»as,before,after,since,till,until,not…until,

时间themoment,immediately,thefirst/second…time,（on+doing一…就•••）

instantly,nosooner…than,hardly••,when,everytime,eversince

地点where

because,as,since,for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,seeing

原因

/seeing/now/considering/given（that）

目的so,sothat.,inordprthat,inordprtodo,soastodo,forfparthat.,incasp

结果sothat,so…that,such***that

条件if,unless,aslongas,once,ifonly

方式as,asif,asthough

让步nomatterwh-/wh-ever,whether…or…，although,though,evenif/eventhough,as,while

比较as***as,notas\so…as,than

1.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblemwesolveit.

A.whileB.afterC.beforeD.as

2.Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficultyoukeeppracticing.

A.eventhoughB.aslongasC.asifD.eversince

3.thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.

A.UntilB.UnlessC.OnceD.Although

4.asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethe

meaningofparagraph.

A.JustasB.EventhoughC.Until