2017年考研英语二真题

绝密★启用前2017年全国硕±研究生招生考试英语（二）（科§代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。.考生须把试题册上的"试卷条形码"粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的"试卷条形码粘贴位置"框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚:涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名英语英语（二）试题.#.（共14页）2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2 :Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,"saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs."WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18 "Danahersays,adding,"InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent"-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor 20matters.

1.[AJboasting[BJdenying[CJwarning[DJensuring2.[AJinequality[BJinstability[CJunreliability[DJuncertainty3.[AJpolicy[BJguideline[CJresolution[D]prediction4.[AJcharacterized[BJdivided[CJbalanced[DJmeasured5.[AJwisdom[BJmeaning[CJglory[DJfreedom6.[AJInstead[BJIndeed[CJThus[DJNevertheless7.[AJrich[BJurban[CJworking[DJeducated8.[AJexplanation[BJrequirement[CJcompensation[D]substitute9.[AJunder[BJbeyond[CJalongside[DJamong10.[AJleavebehind[BJmakeup[CJworryabout[DJsetaside11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12.[AJchances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15.[AJmodel[BJpractice[CJvirtue[D]hardship16.[AJtricky[BJlengthy[C]mysterious[DJscarce17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats18.[AJignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19.[AJoff[B]against[C]behind[D]into20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetoleveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012-butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots"conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas__[AJgainedgreatpopularity[BJcreatedmanyjobs[CJstrengthenedcommunityties[DJbecomeanofficialfestivalTheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto__[AJboostpopulationgrowth[BJpromotesportparticipation[CJimprovethecity'simage[DJincreasesporthoursinschoolsParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit__[AJaimsatdiscoveringtalents[BJfocusesonmasscompetition[CJdoesnotemphasizeelitism[DJdoesnotattractfirst-timersWithregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould__[AJorganize"grassroots"sportsevents[BJsuperviselocalsportsassociations[CJincreasefundsforsportsclubs[DJinvestinpublicsportsfacilitiesTheauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis__[AJtolerant[BJcritical[CJuncertain[DJsympathetic

Text2Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,"saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandumesponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconceritngforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto__[AJsimplifyroutinematters[BJabsorbuserattention[CJbetterinterpersonalrelations[DJincreaseworkefficiencyRadesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices__[AJtakesawaybabies'appetite[BJdistractschildren'sattention[CJslowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment[DJreducesmother-childcommunicationRadeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat__[AJitiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions[BJverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange[CJchildrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood[DJparentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneedsTheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto__[AJprotectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies[BJteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear[CJensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren[DJremainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreensAccordingtoTronick,kids'useofscreensmay__[AJgivetheirparentssomefreetime[BJmaketheirparentsmorecreative[CJhelpthemwiththeirhomework[DJhelpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated"racetothefinishline,"whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat__[AJtheythinkitacademicallymisleading[BJtheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege[CJitfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers[DJitseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscoursesStudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps__[AJkeepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic[BJlowerrisksinchoosingcareers[CJeasefreshmen'sfinancialburdens[DJrelievefreshmenofpressuresTheword"acclimation"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto__[AJadaptation[BJapplication[CJmotivation[DJcompetitionAgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem__[AJavoidacademicfailures[BJestablishlong-termgoals[CJswitchtoanothercollege[DJdecideontherightmajorThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe--[AJInFavoroftheGapYear[BJTheABCsoftheGapYear[CJTheGapYearComesBack[DJTheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork-suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,"hesays."Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,'Waitaminute,isthisOK?'Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?"SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation."Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,"hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited."Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays."We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,"Balchsays."Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday."

Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they_[AJexhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts[BJconsumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget[CJseverelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates[DJcausedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure7.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to__[AJraisemorefundsforfire-proneareas[BJavoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney[CJfindwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape[DJguaranteesaferspendingofpublicfundsWhileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat__[AJpublicdebateshavenotsettledyet[BJfire-fightingconditionsareimproving[CJotherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked[DJashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplaceTheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto__[AJdiscoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature[BJexplorethemechanismofthehumansystems[CJmaximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife[DJunderstandtheinterrelationsofmanandnatureProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould__[AJdoawaywith[BJcometotermswith[CJpayapricefor[DJkeepawayfrom

PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,"hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,"saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,"Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoingaswellasmanufacturing."Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers.Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,"hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanother

majorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,"saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels."Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,"saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis."JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility."Overtimeisnota