黑龙江省双鸭山市友谊县中2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）

黑龙江省双鸭山市友谊县中2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出最佳选项（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解Ifsocialdistancingisdrivingyoualittlecrazy,herearefourworld'smostbeautifulnaturalpoolsforyoutogetrelaxed.Devil'sPoolVictoriaFallsinsoutheasternAfricameasures108metrestallandmorethan1676metreswide.Butforsomebravepeople,thetopoftheFalls,knownasDevil'sPool,isjustanotherswimminghole.WithwaterlevelsattheirlowestfromSeptembertoDecember,largenumbersofswimmersadventureintothepool.BartonSpringsPoolBartonSpringsPoolinAustin,U.S.,coversthreeacresandmaintainsatemperatureofabout20degreesyear-round.Admissiontothe5-metredeeppoolrangesfrommidMarchuntiltheendofSeptember.Forlocalresidents（居民）,thecostis$3foradultsand$1forkidsunder8（non-residentspay$8foradultsand$3forkidsunder8）.BondiIcebergsPublicPoolA15-minutedrivefromSydney'sCBDsitstheBondiBathsatBondiIcebergs.Thehistoric50-metrepublicsaltwaterpoolhasbeenaroundformorethanacenturyandfeaturesasmallbeach,whereyoucanenjoythesunshine.Theentrancecost（$7foradults；$5forkids）isn'tmuchconsideringthemillion-dollarview.DuduBlueLagoonWanttofloat(漂浮)inaquiet30-metre-deepfreshwaterpool?ThencheckoutDuduBlueLagoononthenortheasterncoastoftheDominicanRepublic.Thelagoonalsofeaturesunderwatercaves,makingitapopulardivingdestination.1．WhenisagoodtimetoswiminDevil'sPool?A．March. B．June. C．August. D．October.2．HowmuchshouldaBritishcouplewithachildof7paytovisitBartonSpringsPool?A．$7. B．$9. C．$19, D．$24.3．WhatcanatouristdoinDuduBlueLagoon?A．Sunbatheonthebeach. B．Floatinasaltwaterpool.C．Haveagoodviewofthewaterfall. D．Diveintotheunderwatercaves.阅读理解IwaselevenyearsoldstandingoutsideinjustmyunderwearwhileIwatchedthehousethatIgrewupinrapidlyburntotheground.AfewminutesearlierIhadbeeninbedwhenascreamwokemeup.Mygrandma'sbedroomwasjustnexttomineandmyelderbrother's.Afirehadbrokenoutthereandawakenedher.Hearingherscream,myelderbrotherjumpedtoaction,runningfromroomtoroomquicklytowakeeveryoneinthehouse.However,beforewecoulddoanything,thefirehadconsumed(烧毁)theoldandwoodenhouse.Istoodthereshivering(颤抖)whilethefiredestroyedmybooks,clothes,andtoys.IwatchedhelplesslywhilemyMomcriedandmyDadsighed.Iwonderedwhatwasgoingtohappentousnowthatwehadlostallofourthings.AsIlookedaround,though,Irealizedsomethingforthefirsttime:Whatmattersaren'tthings.Isawmyelderbrotherrunningacrosstheswinging(摇摆的)bridgebyourhousetogethelp.Isawmyeldestbrotherwhowasoncrutches(拐棍)fromanearlieraccidentstandingunsteadilyononeleg.Isawmygrandmaanddadwrappedineachother'sarmsandmymumholdingourlittledog.Irealizedatthatmomentthatwewereallalive.Everythingthatwasessentialhadsurvivedthefire.Ourliveswouldcontinue.Wewouldsurvivewithoutthe"stuff"thatwasburning.Wewouldallbearoundtoloveeachotherformanyyearstocome.Andthatwasallthatmattered.Istillthinkofthatfireatnight.IthelpedmetobecomewhoIamtoday.Itshowedmefortheveryfirsttimewhatistrulyessentialinlife.Ithelpedmetolearnthattheloveweshareisfarmoreimportantthanthethingswepossess.Liveyourlifethenforthethingsthatmatter,notforthethingsyouown.Loveothers.Letthefireinsideofyoumakethisworldawarmerplace.Letyoursoulshinebright.4．Whofirstfoundthehousewasonfire?A．Theauthor. B．Thegrandma.C．Theelderbrother. D．Apasser-by.5．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhentheyallmadeitoutside?A．Exitedandworried. B．Worriedbutlucky.C．Unhappyandupset. D．Happybutworried.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"essential"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Important. B．Perfect. C．Amazing. D．Unique.7．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Weallhaveeachother B．ThemagicofafireC．Growingupwithmemory D．Waystobeabetterman阅读理解Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,sodoestheamountofglobalwaste.Accordingtodata(数据)collectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nationsareonpacetoproduce4billiontonsofwasteeveryyearby2100.Manyexpertsarecallingtheproblemofglobalwasteaworldwidehealthcrisis(危机)becausethewasteispollutingtheworld'soceans,airandsoilandisputtingthehealthofalllivingthingsindanger.Foryears,governmentshavebeentellingcitizensthatlivingazero-wastelifestyleisthewaytogo.Nowsomestoresarehelpingpeopledothat.Mostgrocerystoresproducewastewhentheythrowawayfoodandpackingmaterial.Insomecases,thefoodconsistsoffruitandvegetablesthatdon'tlookgoodanymore.Inothercases,it'spackagedfoodthatisnearingthe"sell-by"dateprintedonthepackage.Afterthe"sell-by"datepassed,thefoodisnotconsideredsafetoeat.Thus,manystoresthrowoutunsoldpackagedfoodbeforethatdatearrives.Tosolvethisproblem,businesspeopleareopeningsmallergrocerystores.Insteadofsellingfoodinpackages,thesestoresofferitinopencontainers(容器).Customersbringtheirownbagsorcleancontainerstothestore.There,theyfilltheirbagsorcontainerswitheverythingfromnutsandgrainstooilandvinegar.Theypayforonlytheamountofeachproductthattheyneed.Zero-wastestoresoftensellfruitandvegetablesaswell.Whenthesegoodsstarttolookold,they'resoldatacheaperpriceorgiventothepoorpeople.Inspiredbythesesmallerzero-wastegrocerystores,somelargesupermarketsaretakingsimilarstepstoreducetheamountofwastethattheyproduce.8．Howdoesthewriterbeginthisarticle?A．Bygivingsomedetailedexamples.B．Byreportingtheresultsofexperiments.C．Bydiscussingamajorsourceofpollution.D．Byexplaininganinternationalagreement.9．AccordingtoParagraph3,whydogrocerystoressometimesthrowawayfruitandvegetables?A．Becausetheyhavegonebad.B．Becausetheydon'tlookfresh.C．Becausetheypassthe"sell-by"date.D．Becausetheynearthe"sell-by"date.10．Whatdocustomersmostlikelybringtothesmallerstoresdescribedinthisarticle?A．Emptybaskets. B．Oldnewspapers.C．Largecupboards. D．Plastictoys.11．Accordingtothisarticle,whataresomesupermarketsdoing?A．They'rebuildinguppartnershipswithsmallerstores.B．They'refollowingtheexamplesetbysmallerstores.C．They'reputtingseveralsmallerstoresoutofbusiness.D．They'redemandingthatofficialscontrolsmallerstores.阅读理解Thirteen-year-oldKayleehasalotoffriends—532,actually,ifyoucountupheronlinefriends.Andshespendsalotoftimewiththem.ButisitpossiblethatKaylee'sonlinefriendshipscouldbemakingherlonely?That'swhatsomeexpertsbelieve.Connectingonlineisagreatwaytostayintouch,theysay.However,someexpertsworrythatmanykidsaresobusyconnectingonlinethattheymightbemissingoutontruefriendships.Couldthisbetrue?Duringyourparents'childhoods,connectingwithfriendsusuallymeantspendingtimewiththemintheflesh.KidsplayedScrabblearoundatable,notWordsWithFriendsontheirphones.Whenfriendsmissedeachother,theypickedupthetelephone.Friendsmightevenwriteletterstoeachother.Today,mostcommunicationtakesplaceonline.Atypicalteensends2,000textsamonthandspendsmorethan44hoursperweekinfrontofascreen.Muchofthistimeisspentonsocialmediaplatforms.Infact,inmanyways,onlinecommunicationcanmakefriendshipsstronger,"There'sdefinitelyapositiveinfluence.Kidscanstayinconstantcontact,whichmeanstheycansharemoreoftheirfeelingswitheachother,"saysKatieDavis,co-authorofTheAppGeneration.Otherexperts,however,warnthattoomuchonlinecommunicationcangetinthewayofformingdeepfriendships."Ifweareconstantlycheckinginwithourvirtualwords,wewillhavelittletimeforourreal-worldfriendships."saysLarryRosen,aprofessoratCaliforniaStateUniversity.Rosenalsoworriesthattoday'skidsmightmistakethe"friends"onthesocialmediafortruefriendsinlife.However,intoughtimes,youdon'tneedsomeonetolikeyourpictureorshareyourblogs.Youneedsomeonewhowillkeepyoursecretsandholdyourhand.Youwouldliketotalkfacetoface.12．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tosummarizethetext. B．Tobringupadiscussion.C．Totellabouttruefriends. D．Toencourageonlinefriendship.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"intheflesh"meaninParagraph3?A．Inperson. B．Inadvance. C．Insilence. D．Inaword.14．WhatisKatie'sattitudetowardsonlinecommunication?A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Confused. D．Unconcerned.15．WhatviewdoesRosenhold?A．It'swisetoturntofriendsonline.B．It'seasiertodevelopfriendshipsinreality.C．Socialmediahelppeoplestaycloselyconnected.D．Teenagersneedfocusonreal-worldfriendships.二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipstoBecomeMoreConfidentOurconfidenceplaysanimportantroleinabilitytoachievesuccessandhappiness.Itaffectsourmentalthoughtpatterns,thewaywespeakandact,andthedecisionswemakeinallareasofourlives.Confidentpeopletakemoreaction,performbetter,andaremorelikelytoattaintheirgoals.16．Luckyforus,confidencecanbebuiltandstrengtheneduntilitbecomesnatural,justasanyotherhabit.Itsimplytakesalittletime,someeffort,andabitofattention.1Learn.Themoreknowledgeyouacquire,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.Knowledgeispower,andthemorepowerfulyoufeel,thehigheryourconfidencewillbe.217．Keepalistofsuccesses,bigandsmall.It'llhelpyoutoseeyourabilitiesinamorepositiveandrealisticlight.3Startaconversation.Whenyoufindyourselfinasocialsituation,don'talwaysturntothosepeopleyou'recomfortablewith.18．Eventuallygettingtoknownewpeoplewillbecomeeasier.4Don'tcompare.Stopmeasuringyourselfagainstothers.19．Makingcomparisonsisadamagingandaninaccuratemeasureofsuccessanyway.Confidencehelpsyoutobemoresecureinyourabilitiesandmorepositiveinyourattitude.Italsoencouragesyoutobemoreassertive(坚定自信的)totakeonmorechallenges,andtoimproveyourskills.20．Theendresultisabetteroutlook,moresuccess,andahigherqualityoflifeinallareas.A.Asanaddedbenefit,you'llattractlike-mindedpeople.B.Trackyouraccomplishments.C.Theresultyougetisn'talwaysreal.D.Itmayonlydoharmtothem.E.Listyoursuperabilities.F.What'smore,confidentpeoplecantakemorejoyfromtheiraccomplishments.G.Talktosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell.三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iarrivedlateonenight,soIhaddinnerinarestaurant.AsIwas21．mymeal，anoldercouplecamein.Theywere22．handsandhadlovelysmilesontheirfaces.Iwas23．atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother,24．thiswasshortlyaftermyendinga20-yearmarriageandIstillhad25．inmyheart.AsIpaidmybill，Iaskedthewaiterwhattheirbillwas.HetoldmeandIgavehimtheMYM40topaytheirbill.He26．ifIknewthemandItoldhim,"No,Ijustwantedtorepaythemforthe27．thattheywereshowingtoeachother,"andthenIleft.Thenextday，I28．thesamerestaurant.AfterIhadbeenseated,thesamewaitertoldmethata29．thinghappenedafterIlefttherestaurant.Whentheoldercouplewenttopayfortheirmeal,theyweretoldanother30．hadpaidforitbecauseoftheirloveforeachother.Amazed,thecouple31．andaskedforthebillofayoungcoupleintheir20's,Theypaiditandleft,32．"Lovebringslove",totheamazementofthehostessandwaiter.Ismiledandsaid,"That'snice,"andcontinuedtoordermy33．.About45minuteslater,Iwalkedovertothehostessstand.Shesmiledand34．thatIwouldnothavetopayformymeal.Thewaiterandshefelttheyhadtopaymybill,shesaid，duetothe35．thatwasbroughttothefacesoftheelderlycoupleandtheamazementoftheyoungcouplefromthenightbefore.WhenItoldherthattheydidn'thavetodothat,shesaidwithasmile"Lovebringslove."21．A．finishing B．cooking C．ordering D．selling22．A．shaking B．waving C．holding D．cleaning23．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．amazed D．interested24．A．sothat B．evenif C．unless D．because25．A．pain B．fear C．excitement D．worry26．A．asked B．screamed C．discussed D．permitted27．A．care B．love C．anger D．respect28．A．sought B．built C．left D．entered29．A．terrible B．sad C．moving D．disturbing30．A．waiter B．guest C．worker D．friend31．A．lookedup B．lookedout C．lookedahead D．lookedaround32．A．saying B．arguing C．whispering D．sighing33．A．love B．meal C．debt D．books34．A．explained B．commented C．joked D．added35．A．achievements B．greetings C．joy D．interest四、从题中所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）36．Thechurchtowerwhich__________nowwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A．hasbuilt B．hasbeenbuilt C．isbuilding D．isbeingbuilt37．YouaresohelpfulandIhaveneverseena_______personlikeyoutohelpturtlescleanofftheirshells.A．kind-hearted B．strong-willed C．hard-working D．peace-loving38．However,after-classactivitiescantakeupalotoftime,_____studentshavetolearnhowtoorganizetheirbusyschedule.A．and B．so C．不填 D．but39．Thenewlydesignedshirt______mebutthecolor______mewell.A．doesn'tfit;fits B．isn'tfitfor;fitsC．doesn'tfit;suits D．isn'tfit;suits40．Inthecompanyheis____toTominposition,whileinlifeheisTom'sjunior____twoyears.A．senior;by B．junior;by C．senior;to D．junior;to41．Thepoliceman's_______trafficdirectionsmadeallthedriversquite______．A．confused；confused B．confusing；confusingC．confused；confusing D．confusing；confused42．WheneverI'mseatedaloneintheroom,Ifindmyself________tothepictureonthewall.A．attracting B．attractedC．tobeattracted D．beingattracted43．Peterwillgivemefivesweets____anapple,butinfactIdon'thaveasweettooth.A．insearchof B．inneedofC．inmemoryof D．inexchangefor44．______theirfansandviewers,allthefemalestarsdresseduptoattendtheawardspresentation.A．Havingimpressed B．ToimpressC．Impressing D．Impressed45．Nowadays，foodsafetyhasbecomethe________ofthegovernmentaswellasthesociety.A．advantage B．focus C．step D．anger46．Hefeltrather____thatheshoulddrivethecaratsucha____speed.A．frightening;frightening B．frightened;frighteningC．frightened;frightened D．frightening;frightened47．I'mlookingforwardto___________yourlettersoon.A．receive B．havereceived C．receiving D．beingreceived48．Herecommendedthatwe____arecordofwhatwesaw.A．would B．couldkeep C．mustkeep D．shouldkeep49．Herspeechmadeadeepimpression____theaudience.A．in B．by C．on D．at50．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A．afterwhich B．afterthat C．inwhich D．inthat51．Teachingyoungchildrenisa____andrewardingjob.A．challenge B．challenges C．challenging D．challenged52．Afterthestormthelakewas____.A．calm B．quiet C．still D．silent53．Jackwasworkinginthelab____thepowercutoccurred.A．which B．that C．when D．while54．Thebillisstill____debate,butit'smorelikelytobevetoed(否决).A．under B．on C．into D．at55．Pleasecleanthewoundwithacleanclothandthenapplythemedicine____it.A．to B．on C．for D．in五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Thisyear,ZhangGuimeisent150femalestudentstocollegefromafreeall-girlshighschoolshehadfoundedin2008insouthwestChina'sdeepmountains.Forthepast13years,atotalof1,954femalestudents56．(graduate)fromthisschool,thefirstandonlyoneofitskindinthecountry."Toeducateagirlistochangethedestiny(命运)ofthree57．(generation),"Zhangsaid.58．64-year-oldteacherfromsouthwestChina'sYunnanProvincewaspresented59．theJuly1MedalbyXiJinpingataceremonyinBeijingonTuesday.BecauseofhereffortstoimprovefemaleeducationinChina,moregirlscanchangetheirdestiny.WhenthePeople'sRepublicofChina60．(found)in1949,femaleilliteracy(文盲)wasmuchhigherthanthatoftheirmalecounterparts.Inthe1950s,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedcampaigns61．helpedsome16millionfemalesbecomeeducated.Inrecentdecades,wipingoutilliteracyand62．(improve)thereadingskillsofwomenisregardedasoneofthe63．(high)prioritiesinChina,accordingtothegovernment'sguidelineforhelpingthecountry'sfemales.Thefemaleilliteracyrateforthoseaboveage15hasdecreasedfrom64．(rough)90%intheearly1950sto7%in2019.In2021,Chinascored0.973intheGlobalGenderGapReport65．(release)bytheWorldEconomicForum(withascoreof1beingcompletelyequal).六、书面表达（满分20分）66．假定你是李华，你的朋友李越,刚进入高中，因为学习压力和没有朋友而感到很焦虑，不知如何排解，写信求助于你。请你用英语回一封信给他，提出一些合理建议，内容包括：

1.转变心态，正确对待学习压力；

2.听听歌曲，释放学习压力；

3.多与同学交流，和他们成为朋友；

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个世界上最美丽的自然泳池。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据Devil'sPool部分中的"WithwaterlevelsattheirlowestfromSeptembertoDecember,largenumbersofswimmersadventureintothepool.”9月到12月是水位最低的时候，大量的游泳者冒险进入这个游泳池。可知，9月到12月是在魔鬼池游泳的好时机。故选D。2．考查数字计算。根据BartonSpringsPool部分中的"Forlocalresidents（居民）,thecostis$3foradultsand$1forkidsunder8（non-residentspay$8foradultsand$3forkidsunder8）.”当地居民成人3美元，8岁以下儿童1美元(非居民成人8美元，8岁以下儿童3美元)。可知，非本地居民成年人门票是8美元，8岁以下儿童3美元。所以8*2+3=19美元。故选C。3．考查细节理解。根据DuduBlueLagoon部分中的"Thelagoonalsofeaturesunderwatercaves,makingitapopulardivingdestination.”lagoon也以水下洞穴为特色，使其成为一个受欢迎的潜水目的地。可知，在DuduBlueLagoon，可以潜入水下洞穴。故选D。【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在十一岁时经历了一场火灾，让作者认识到家人的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Mygrandma'sbedroomwasjustnexttomineandmyelderbrother's.Afirehadbrokenoutthereandawakenedher.Hearingherscream,myelderbrotherjumpedtoaction,runningfromroomtoroomquicklytowakeeveryoneinthehouse.”我奶奶的卧室就在我和我哥哥的隔壁，一场大火把她唤醒了。听到她的尖叫声，我哥哥跳了起来，迅速地从一个房间跑到另一个房间去叫醒屋里的每个人。可知，是奶奶第一个发现房子着火了。故选B。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“IwatchedhelplesslywhilemyMomcriedandmyDadsighed.Iwonderedwhatwasgoingtohappentousnowthatwehadlostallofourthings.”我无助地看着，妈妈哭了，爸爸在叹气。我在想我们会发生什么，因为我们失去了所有的东西。可知，看到大火毁掉了我们所拥有的一切，作者是无助的，他在为未来会发生的事而担心；以及第三段中的“Irealizedatthatmomentthatwewereallalive.Everythingthatwasessentialhadsurvivedthefire.Ourliveswouldcontinue.”那一刻我意识到我们都还活着。一切必要的东西都在火灾中幸免于难。我们的生活还会继续。可知，作者意识到我和家人们都还活着，生活还会继续，这是最重要的。可推知，当作者在外面看到眼前发生的一切时，虽然对未来的生活担心，但同时家人能在火灾中幸免于难，这是很幸运的，故选B。6．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Ithelpedmetolearnthattheloveweshareisfarmoreimportantthanthethingswepossess.”它帮助我认识到，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。可知，那晚的火灾让作者认识到生活中重要的是家人间的爱，而不是拥有的东西。可推断“Itshowedmefortheveryfirsttimewhatistrulyessentialinlife.”句意是：它第一次向我展示了生活中真正重要的东西，划线词essential是“重要的”之意。故选A。7．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在十一岁时经历了一场火灾，让作者认识到家人的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。“我们都拥有彼此”，表达了在生活中无论遇到什么困难，只有拥有彼此，就有希望，适合做文章的标题，故选A。【答案】8．C9．D10．A11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着世界人口的增长，人类会生产更多的垃圾，为解决垃圾问题，多年来，政府一直在告诉公民，过一种"零废弃"的生活方式是可行的。现在一些商店正在帮助人们这样做。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,sodoestheamountofglobalwaste.Accordingtodata(数据)collectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nationsareonpacetoproduce4billiontonsofwasteeveryyearby2100.Manyexpertsarecallingtheproblemofglobalwasteaworldwidehealthcrisis(危机)becausethewasteispollutingtheworld'soceans,airandsoilandisputtingthehealthofalllivingthingsindanger."随着世界人口的持续增长，全球垃圾的数量也在增加。根据世界银行集团收集的数据，到2100年，各国每年将产生40亿吨垃圾。许多专家称全球垃圾问题是一场全球健康危机，因为这些垃圾正在污染世界上的海洋、空气和土壤，并危及所有生物的健康。可推知作者通过讨论主要的污染源来开始这篇文章。故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Inothercases,it'spackagedfoodthatisnearingthe‘sell-by'dateprintedonthepackage.Afterthe‘sell-by'datepassed,thefoodisnotconsideredsafetoeat.Thus,manystoresthrowoutunsoldpackagedfoodbeforethatdatearrives."在其他情况下，它是接近印刷在包装上的"保质期"的包装食品。过了"保质期"后，食品就不安全了。因此，许多商店会在这个日期到来之前扔掉未售出的包装食品。可知，杂货铺扔掉一些水果蔬菜是因为它们接近保质期了。故选D。10．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Tosolvethisproblem,businesspeopleareopeningsmallergrocerystores.Insteadofsellingfoodinpackages,thesestoresofferitinopencontainers(容器).Customersbringtheirownbagsorcleancontainerstothestore."为了解决这个问题，商人们开了些小的杂货店。这些商店出售的食品不是包装的，而是放在开着的容器里。顾客带自己的袋子或干净的容器到商店。可判断，顾客会带空篮子这样的容器去小杂货铺买东西。故选A。11．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Inspiredbythesesmallerzero-wastegrocerystores,somelargesupermarketsaretakingsimilarstepstoreducetheamountofwastethattheyproduce."受这些较小的"零废弃"杂货店的启发，一些大型超市正在采取类似的措施来减少它们产生的垃圾。可知，大型超市正在效仿小商店的做法。故选B。【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，现在的青少年把更多的时间用在网上交友，这样的现象让专家很担忧，专家认为青少年如不断地关注虚拟世界，他们将几乎没有时间与现实世界建立友谊，从而错过了真正的友谊。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查推理判断。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-oldKayleehasalotoffriends—532,actually,ifyoucountupbothherInstagramfollowersandFacebookfriends,Andshespendsalotoftimewiththem.”13岁的凯莉有很多朋友——实际上有532个，如果你把她在Instagram上的粉丝和Facebook上的朋友都算上的话，而且她花了很多时间和他们在一起；以及第二段中的“ButisitpossiblethatKaylee'sonlinefriendshipscouldbemakingherlonely?”但有没有可能她网络上的朋友让她感到孤独呢？可推知，第一段阐述了一种社会现象，目的是提出一个讨论的话题，从而引出下文对于这样话题的观点。故选B。13．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Duringyourparent'schildhoods,connectingwithfriendsusuallymeantspendingtimewiththem”在你父母的童年时期，与朋友建立联系通常意味着与他们共度时光；以及空后“KidsplayedScrabblearoundatable,notWordsWithFriendsontheirphones.”孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩《与朋友说话》。可推断intheflesh“亲自”之意，故选A。14．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Infact,inmanyways,onlinecommunicationcanmakefriendshipsstronger,‘There'sdefinitelyapositiveinfluence.Kidscanstayinconstantcontact,whichmeanstheycansharemoreoftheirfeelingswitheachother,'saysKatieDavis,co-authorofTheAppGeneration.”事实上，在很多方面，网上交流可以让友谊更加牢固。孩子们可以保持经常的联系，这意味着他们可以彼此分享更多的感受，”《应用程序世代》的合著者凯蒂·戴维斯说。可推知，Katie对网络交流持乐观态度。故选B。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“‘Ifweareconstantlycheckinginwithourvirtualwords,wewillhavelittletimeforourreal-worldfriendships.'saysLarryRosen,aprofessoratCaliforniaStateUniversity.Rosenalsoworriesthattoday'skidsmightmistakethe‘friends'onthesocialmediafortruefriendsinlife.”“如果我们不断地使用虚拟世界的语言，我们就没有多少时间来处理现实世界中的友谊了。加州州立大学教授拉里·罗森说。罗森还担心，现在的孩子可能会把社交媒体上的“朋友”误认为生活中真正的朋友。可推知，Rosen认为青少年需要关注现实世界的友谊。故选D。【答案】16．F；17．B；18．G；19．C；20．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在通向成功和幸福的道路上，自信发挥着重要作用。它影响着我们的思维模式、说话方式、行为方式以及生活的各方面的决定——事业、金钱、人际关系，甚至我们的健康。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Ourconfidenceplaysanimportantroleinabilitytoachievesuccessandhappiness.Itaffectsourmentalthoughtpatterns,thewaywespeakandact,andthedecisionswemakeinallareasofourlives.Confidentpeopletakemoreaction,performbetter,andaremorelikelytoattaintheirgoals."我们的信心对获得成功和幸福的能力起着重要作用。它影响我们的思维模式，我们说话和行动的方式，以及我们在生活的各个领域做出的决定。自信的人会采取更多的行动，表现得更好，更有可能实现自己的目标。可知这里说的是自信的作用，F.What'smore,confidentpeoplecantakemorejoyfromtheiraccomplishments."更重要的是，自信的人可以从他们的成就中获得更多的快乐。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。17．根据空后"Keepalistofsuccesses,bigandsmall.It'llhelpyoutoseeyourabilitiesinamorepositiveandrealisticlight."列出大大小小的成功案例。它将帮助你从更积极、更现实的角度看待自己的能力。可知此段说明从成功中提高能力，B.Trackyouraccomplishments."追踪你的成就"概括本段，符合语境，故选B。18．根据空前"Whenyoufindyourselfinasocialsituation,don'talwaysturntothosepeopleyou'recomfortablewith."当你发现自己处于社交场合时，不要总是求助于那些你觉得舒服的人。可知不要总和待着舒服的人在一起，所以你应该和不了解的人交谈，G.Talktosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell."和一个你不太了解的人谈谈。"承接上文，符合语境，故选G。19．根据空前"Stopmeasuringyourselfagainstothers."不要拿自己和别人做比较。可知如果你和别人对比的话，那通常感觉是不真实的，C.Theresultyougetisn'talwaysreal."你得到的结果并不总是真实的。"承接上文，符合语境，故选C。20．根据空后"Theendresultisabetteroutlook,moresuccess,andahigherqualityoflifeinallareas."最终的结果是在所有领域都有更好的前景、更多的成功和更高的生活质量。可知有一个好的外表，更成功，和一个高质量的人生，可知这些都是好处，A.Asanaddedbenefit,you'llattractlike-mindedpeople."另外一个好处是，你会吸引志同道合的人。"承接下文，符合语境，故选A。【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．D；32．A；33．B；34．A；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者有一次在餐馆吃饭时，遇到了一对年老的夫妇，他们的恩爱让作者感到惊讶，并为他们支付了账单。这对夫妇知道后又将爱传递下去为年轻夫妻买了单。第二天作者又去餐馆吃饭，餐厅经理和服务生为他买了单，并且告诉他说"爱带来爱"。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：当我快要吃完饭的时候，一对老年夫妇进来了。A.finishing"结束"；B.cooking"烹饪"；C.ordering"点餐"；D.selling"卖"。根据下文"AsIpaidmybill，Iaskedthewaiterwhattheirbillwas."当我付账的时候，我问服务生他们的账单是多少。可知作者付账的时候把那对老夫妇的账单一起付了，可推知当这对夫妇进来时作者正在吃饭，快要吃完饭了，等作者吃完，正好他们点了饭，作者帮他们付了钱。故选A。22．句意：他们手拉手，脸上带着爱的微笑。A.shaking"摇动"；B.waving"挥手"；C.holding"握住"；D.cleaning"清理"。根据下文"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"可知作者对于他们对彼此的爱而惊讶，可推知老夫妇很恩爱，进来时手拉手。故选C。23．句意：我对于他们展现出的对彼此的爱而感到惊讶。A.disappointed"失望的"；B.satisfied"满意的"；C.amazed"惊讶的"；D.interested"有兴趣的"。根据空后"4thiswasshortlyaftermyendinga20-yearmarriageandIstillhad5inmyheart."因为这是发生在作者刚结束一段20年的婚姻不久，心里还有伤痛，对爱情灰心。所以看到这对老夫妻之间的爱很惊讶。故选C。24．句意：因为这是发生在我刚结束一段20年的婚姻不久，此时心里还有伤痛。A.sothat"为了，以至于"；B.evenif"即使"；C.unless"除非"；D.because"因为"。根据空前"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"我对于他们展现出的对彼此的爱而惊讶，解释感到惊讶的原因是因为自己刚离婚，心里仍然有伤痛。故选D。25．句意：因为这是发生在我刚结束一段20年的婚姻不久，此时心里还有伤痛。A.pain"伤痛"；B.fear"害怕"；C.excitement"兴奋"；D.worry"担心"。根据空前"aftermyendinga20-yearmarriage"可知作者刚结束一段20年的婚姻，心里很痛苦。故选A。26．句意：他问我是不是认识他们，我告诉他说："不认识，我只是想要回报他们展现出来的对彼此的爱。"，然后我就离开了。A.asked"询问"；B.screamed"尖叫"；C.discussed"讨论"；D.permitted"允许"。根据空后"No"可知，这里是服务生询问作者。故选A。27．句意：他问我是不是认识他们，我告诉他说："不认识，我只是想要回报他们展现出来的对彼此的爱。"，然后我就离开了。A.care"关心"；B.love"爱"；C.anger"生气"；D.respect"尊重"。根据上文"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"可知，此处作者为他们表现出来的爱意而替他们买单。故选B。28．句意：第二天，我又进了同一家餐馆。A.sought"寻找"；B.built"建造"；C.left"离开"；D.entered"进入"。根据下文"AfterIhadbeenseated,thesamewaitertoldmethata9thinghappenedafterIlefttherestaurant."我坐下之后，昨天的那个服务生告诉我说，在我离开后发生了一件很感人的事情。可知，作者又去了同一家餐馆，故选D。29．句意：我坐下之后，昨天的那个服务生告诉我说，在我离开后发生了一件很感人的事情。A.terrible"可怕的"；B.sad"伤心的"；C.moving"感人的"；D.disturbing"令人不安的"。根据下文"Whentheoldercou