北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（含答案）

北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高一下英语试卷（A）姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、选词填空-句子选词填空rescuetheinjuredstrikecauseseveredamagedestroyAt3：42onJuly28,1976,anearthquake1．thecityofTangshan.It2．tothecity.Everywherenearlyeverything3．.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonaftertheearthquake,alotofsoldiersanddoctorscametoTangshantohelp.Theybuiltsheltersand4．.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.选词填空conductresearchgainindependencewinequalrightsengageinintenseexercisesTherearealotofexamplesofgreatpeoplearoundus.MartinLutherKingfoughtand5．forblackpeopleintheUS.Gandhiledhiscountryto6．fromBritishrule.ChristopherReevesufferedfromsevereinjuries,butwiththesupportofhisfamilyandfriends,he7．andfinallyreturnedtohisfilmandcharitycareer.ThemostimpressiveoneisTuYouyou,whoovercamemanydifficultiesand8．forhundredsoftimestofindthecureformalaria.Allofaboveareadmirable.二、阅读理解,阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项阅读理解Scienceisoneofthemostinterestingandfunsubjectsforkids.Thereareendlesschancesforpracticalexperimentsthataresuretosurpriseandexcitechildren'simaginations.Agreatwaytogetintoexperimentingwithscienceiswiththeuseofmagnets.Theproperties（性质）ofmagnetsallowforan"invisibleforce"tomoveobjectsseeminglyontheirown!Ifyourkidsarelookingforsomethingalittletrickier,whynotletthemtryusingmagnetstomaketheirowncompass（指南针）?Forthisexperiment,youwillneedtwoneedles,astrongmagnet,apencil,acupandsomestring.Step1：Rubthepointedendoftheneedlealongonesideofthemagnet；thiscanbeeitherthenorthorsouthend.Makesureyouarerubbingtheneedleinonedirection,notbackandforth.Youmightneedtodothisabout30timestomagnetisetheneedle.Step2：Testthemagnetisedneedlewiththespareneedletoseeifitcanpickitup.Ifitcan,theneedleisreadytousefortheexperiment.Ifitdoesn'tpickitup,youwillneedtorubtheneedleafewmoretimesonthesameendofthemagnetyouwereusingbefore.Step3：Withapieceofstringthatisacoupleofincheslong,getyourchildtotiethistothemiddleofthepencil.Then,atthebottomendofthehangingstring,tiethemagnetisedneedle.Step4：Placethepencil,withtheneedlehangingdown,overthetopofacupsothattheneedleishanginginsidethecup.Step5：Watchastheneedlemovesonitsowntopointnorth.Onceyourkidshavegotatasteformagnets,youmightwanttomoveontomoreadvancedexperiments.PlaceslikeRSComponentssellhigh-techmagneticequipmentthatwillbesuretocarryonfuellingyourchildren'spassionforscience!9．Accordingtothepassage,thespareneedleisusedto______.A．rubthemagnetontheothersideB．magnetisetheotherneedleC．checkiftheotherneedleismagnetisedD．moveonitsowntopointnorth10．Whycanthemagnetisedneedlepointnorth?A．Itistiedtoahangingstring. B．Ithasthepropertiesofamagnet.C．Itisconnectedwithamagnet. D．Itishangingdowninsidethecup.11．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toadvertisehigh-techmagneticequipment.B．Toentertainkidswithmagnetexperiments.C．Tostresstheimportanceofpracticalexperiments.D．Toprovideawaytoinspirekids'passionforscience.阅读理解WangFang,aSuzhounative,hasgivenherheartandsoultoKunquOpera.Wang,whohastwicewonthePlumPerformanceAward—China'stopawardfortheaterandoperaperformances—startedtolearnthetraditionalartformin1977.Bornwithamelodicvoice,Wanglovedtosinganddancewhenshewaslittle.Sheperformedfrequently,andwasrecruitedbytheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupe（剧团）whenshewasinmiddleschool.However,herparentsrefusedthetroupe'sinvitation,insistingthatsheshouldconcentrateonherstudiesandnotdropoutofschool.Aftermembersofthetroupevisitedtheparentsrepeatedlyandshowedgreatsincerity,Wang'sparentsfinallyagreed.Learningthetraditionalartformwasnevereasy.Shestartedtolearnhowtopronouncewords,singthemlyricallyandmakegesturesgently.Asanactressplayingmartialartistsrolesatfirst,shehadtospendextratimepracticingkungfumovements.Yearslater,Wangusedtheword"unimaginable"todescribehowhardthedayswerewhenshefirstlearnedKunqu.Shewassoakedinsweatwhenpracticingmovementsinsummer,whileinwintersheoftenhadchilblains（冻疮）onherhandswhentraininginshabbyclassroomswithbrokenwindows."ButImadeupmymindnottogiveup.Nomatterhowdifficult,Ialwaysgotupearlythenextmorningtopractice,"Wangrecalls.WangsaysshedidnotloveKunquatfirst,butinherearly20s,whenshewatchedtheshowPeonyPavilionperformedbyZhangJiqing,amasteroftheartform,itclicked."Iwasshocked,"Wangsays."Hereverymovementwasfullofeleganceanddelicacy.Eachofherlinesandsongswasperfect.Iwasoverwhelmed（难以禁受）bythebeautyofKunquforthefirsttimeinmylife,andithasstayedwithmesince."Now,WanghasherselfbecomeamasterofKunqu.Herperformanceshaveimpressedgenerationsofaudiencesandhelpedtopromotetheartformamongyoungpeople.12．WhydidWang'sparentsturndownthetroupe'sinvitationatfirst?A．Theydidn'tthinkWanghadartistictalent.B．TheysawnofutureinlearningKunquOpera.C．Theydidn'twantWangtoignoreherstudies.D．Theyregardedmembersofthetroupeasinsincere.13．WhatchangedWang'sattitudetowardsKunquOpera?A．WatchingZhang'smasterlyperformance.B．JoiningtheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupe.C．WinningthePlumPerformanceAward.D．Beinggreatlyadmiredbytheaudiences.14．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWangFang?A．Caringandpassionate. B．Talentedandambitious.C．Determinedandhard-working. D．Professionalandgenerous.15．Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?A．Itisnevertoolatetolearn. B．Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C．Doingisbetterthansaying. D．Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.阅读理解Whetherhuntingorcompetingforlimitedspaceandresources,humansaretheplanet'ssuperpredator（捕食者）.Asthehumanpopulationincreases,it'sgettingharderforothercreaturestofindsomewheretohideduringtheday.Nownewfindingsindicateanimalsaroundtheworldhavebecomenocturnal（夜间活动的）.InapaperpublishedinScience,researchersanalyzed76previousscientificstudiesaboutthehumanimpactonanimalactivity.Theycomparedanimals'activityduringthedayandnightinareasofhighhumandisturbance（fromhuntingorfarmingtohikingandotheroutdoorrecreations）andlowhumandisturbance（relativelynaturalconditions）.Thisstudyshowedanimalsarebecominganaverageof1.36timesmorenocturnalduetohighhumandisturbance.Forexample,inPolandwildboarsgofrom48%nocturnalinnaturalforeststo90%nocturnalincityareas.Evenactivitiespeopleconsiderrelativelyinnocuous,suchashikingandwildlifeviewing,stronglyinfluenceanimals'dailyroutines."Wethinkthatwe'releavingnotraceoftenwhenwe'reoutdoors,butwecanbehavinglastingresultonanimalbehavior,"saysKaitlynGaynor,leadresearcherforthestudy.Scientiststhinkbecomingnocturnalmayhurtthosespecies（物种）highlyadaptedtothesun.Theymightnotbeabletolivewellatnight,whichwouldeventuallyhurttheirchancesofsurvivalandreproduction.Perhapsevenmorealarmingeffectscouldbeinthewiderecosystem.InCalifornia'sSantaCruzMountains,coyoteshavebeenmorenocturnalinresponsetohikersandhavestartedtochangetheirdietsfromdaytimeprey,suchassquirrelsandbirds,tonocturnalprey,suchasratsandrabbits.Exactlyhowecologicalcommunitieswillchange,andwhetheritwillbeforbetterorworse,requiresfurtherstudy.Somenighttimeshiftsmaybenefitbothanimalsandhumans,Gaynornotes.Forinstance,tigerattacksonpeopleinNepalaredecreasingastigersbecomemorenocturnal.Studieslikethisonewilleventuallyhelpconservationmanagersmakebetterdecisionsabouthowtoprotectecosystems."We'llneedtounderstandlocaldynamicstoreallyunderstandhowweshouldbechangingmanagementofwildlifepopulationsorhumanactivities,"Gaynornotes."Onepotentialapproachmightbetomanagethetimingofhumanactivitiessothatweleavesomeofthedaylightforotheranimals."16．Howdoanimalsrespondtoincreasinghumandisturbance?A．Bylimitingtheirfoodintake.B．Byleavingtheirhabitats.C．Bycontrollingtheirpopulation.D．Byadjustingtheirnormaldailyactivities.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innocuous"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Harmless. B．Recreational. C．Organized. D．Irregular.18．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thehumanimpactonanimalactivityhasledtoanewecologicalbalance.B．Animals'becomingnocturnalmaycausesomekindsofanimalstodieout.C．Animals'becomingnocturnalmayencouragethevarietyofspecies.D．Alltheanimals'naturalwaysoflifemaybeaffectedbyhumans.19．WhatisGaynorprobablygoingtoexplaininthenextparagraph?A．Howhumansmanagetheiractivityschedule.B．Whyhumansneedtocontrolthenumberofwildlife.C．Howecologicalcommunitieswillchange.D．Whynighttimeshiftdoesgoodtobothanimalsandhumans.阅读理解Whenschoolsgothroughbudget（预算）cuts,foreignlanguageclassesareoftenplacedonthecuttingblock.Schooladministratorsoftendonotunderstandhowimportantforeignlanguagestudyisfortheirstudents'successintherealworld.Farfromcuttinglanguageclasses,schoolsshouldbedemandingthemforallstudents.Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldberequiredinmiddleschools.Languagestudystrengthensstudents'minds.Manystudieshaveindicatedthatmultilingualpeople—peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage—arebetteratcertaintasks.Specifically,multilingualpeoplehavebetterexecutive（执行的）functionthanpeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguage.Executivefunctionisthewaythebrainmanagesalltheinformationit'sgiven,suchasperformingdifferenttasksanddecidingwhattofocuson.Inbrainscans,multilingualpeopleshowincreasedactivityintheareasofthebrainthatcontrolexecutivefunction.Researchershaveguessedthatthisadvantageexistsbecausemultilingualpeoplemustconstantlydecidewhichwordsfromwhichlanguagetouse.Asaresult,multilingualpeoplegetlotsofpracticewithexecutivefunction.Theirbrainscanthenapplythoseskillstoothertasks,likepayingattentionormultitasking.Thiseffectisespeciallystrongforpeoplewhogrowupspeakingmorethanonelanguage.Theearlierstudentsstartlanguageclasses,themorebenefitstheymaygetfromlanguagestudy.Moreover,languagestudyhelpspreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareers.Today,languageskillsareinhighdemandinthejobmarketandmoreandmorebusinessesworkinmanycountriesacrosstheworld.Asbusinessesbecomeglobal,theyneedpeoplewhocancommunicateeasilyacrossnationalborders.Topreparefortheircareers,morestudentsshouldbelearningforeignlanguages.From2010to2015,thedemandintheUnitedStatesforworkerswhospeakasecondlanguagedoubled.Thistrendincludedworkersofallskilllevelsandbackgrounds.Ofcourse,inordertomakebetteruseoftheadvantagesofforeignlanguagestudy,middleschoolforeignlanguageclassesshouldnotjustmakestudentsmemorizenewwordsandpronunciation.Theymustalsoteachstudentsaboutnewcultures.Foreignlanguageclassesshouldberequiredtoincludelessonsabouthistory,literature,customs,andgovernmentalongwiththelanguagesthemselves.Thesesubjectswillhelpstudentsbecomebetterglobalcitizensandsupporttheirstudiesinothersubjects.Requiringmiddleschoolstudentstostudyaforeignlanguageoffersthemchancestosharpentheirbrains.Italsogivesthemtoolsthatwillhelpthembecomeproductivemembersoftoday'sglobalsociety.20．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Moreforeignlanguageclassesshouldbeofferedinmiddleschools.B．Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldbeamiddleschoolrequirement.C．Foreignlanguageclassesshouldbecutbecauseofthelimitedfunds.D．Takingforeignlanguageclassesinmiddleschoolsshouldbeachoice.21．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A．foreignlanguageclassesshouldteachstudentstraditionalculturesB．peoplecanlearnlanguagesbetterwhentheyaregettingolderC．beingabletoworkinanothercountrydoublespeople'sjobchancesD．peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguagecanperformdifferenttasksbetter22．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Whatshouldbetaughtinforeignlanguageclasses.B．Howstudentsmakebetteruseoftheadvantagesofforeignlanguagestudy.C．Whystudentsshouldlearnhistory,literatureandcustoms.D．Whyforeignlanguagestudysupportsstudents'studiesinothersubjects.23．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．RequirementsofFindingaJobB．QualitiesofBecomingBetterGlobalCitizensC．AdvantagesofLearningForeignLanguagesD．SuggestionsofTeachingForeignLanguages三、完形填空完形填空Ifirstbeganexperiencinganxietyanddepressionattheageof14,afterbeingbullied（欺凌）atschoolforyears.Whileatfirstanxietyanddepressionwouldcomeandgo,it24．becameaconstantpartofmylife.Iwassoeagertofindthe25．toovercomingmyanxietyanddepressionthatItriedeverything：mood-changingmedication,specialteas,andyoga.ButI26．feltIhadn'tcomeclosetomanagingtheproblem.Butoneafternoon,myeyes27．anarticleinamagazineIwasreadingthattalkedabouthowdogswereabletohelppeoplewithanxietyanddepression.Theverynextday,I28．togetadog—acorgi.WhenIbroughtmylittleBuddyhome,Ididn't29．howmuchhewouldchangemylife.Oncethe"puppyexcitement"30．,myanxietyanddepressioncamebackasusual.Onemorning,Iwokeupwiththose31．feelingagain.Ididn'twanttogetoutofbed.Iturnedtopullthe32．backovermyheadandgiveup.That'swhenIsawBuddy.Buddystartedjumpingalloverme,lickingmyfaceand33．meknowthatitwastimetogooutside.Itwasasifheweresaying,"Thereisnotimetobesad；theworldis34．!"Andforthefirsttimeinmylife,mylifewas35．.It'sbeenmorethanayearsincethatday,andI'veneverspentanothermorning36．togetoutofbed.I'venotcriedmyselftosleeporspentmydays37．infearandregret.Sure,IstillhavedayswhenIfeelsadandanxious.ButwithBuddy,mybestfriend,bymyside,I'veeventuallylearnedhowto38．thesefeelingsandemotions.24．A．easily B．finally C．obviously D．actually25．A．comment B．instruction C．solution D．message26．A．again B．too C．only D．still27．A．spreadout B．paidoff C．fellupon D．turnedup28．A．decided B．challenged C．regarded D．explored29．A．doubt B．recognize C．realize D．advocate30．A．wentaway B．putaway C．giveaway D．breakaway31．A．strange B．warm C．silent D．familiar32．A．sheets B．covers C．clothes D．towels33．A．letting B．noticing C．helping D．watching34．A．exciting B．challenging C．boring D．amazing35．A．changing B．moving C．struggling D．settling36．A．unknown B．inconvenient C．unable D．impossible37．A．lost B．stuck C．controlled D．caught38．A．match B．mention C．compare D．manage四、语法填空语法填空Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofwildanimalshasdecreasedduetohumanactivitiessuchasdestroyingthenaturalhabitatofwildanimals.Ifnothing39．（do）,manwillbepunishedbynature.40．（lucky）,peoplebegintotakeactions.They41．（build）somenaturereservesnowsothatanimalscanliveinpeace.Ifeveryonehasthesenseofprotectingwildlife,itiscertain42．anatmosphereofwildlifeprotectionwillcomeintobeing.语法填空MarieCuriewasborninPolandinthelate19thcentury.Shewasverycleverwhenshewasalittlekid.Herparentsthoughtshe43．（become）anoutstandingwoman,sotheysentherabroadtostudy.Inhertwenties,shemetPierreCurieandtheythenmarried.Althoughhavingaverydifficulttime,theyfinallydiscoveredtheelement'Radium',for44．shewasawardedaNobelPrize.Actually,shewasthefirstwoman45．（win）theNobelPrizetwice.语法填空Studentsarebusy.Betweenclasses,homeworkandfamily,therecanbealottobalance.Sowhydowesuggestthatyoujoinastudentorganization?Infact,doingthiswillhaveagreateffectonthestudents,46．goalsaretobecomebetterinschoolandfuturelife.Firstofall,youwillfeeldelightedtohavesomany47．（opportunity）tolearnmoreaboutyourselvesandyourstrengths.Youcanalsofindout48．you'regoodat,whetherthat'slistening,stayingorganized,orservingothers.Thisself-awarenesswillbebeneficialinyourfuturecareer.五、阅读表达阅读下面短文,根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。TheSecrettoImprovingYourMemoryIfyouwanttoimproveyourmemory,youneedtoknowhowyourbrainworks.Youmightbesurprisedtohearthatyourlifestylehabitsmightbemakingitdifficultforyoutocorrectlyrecordeachpieceofinformation,experience,orlearning.Itwouldappearthatthesecrettoimprovingyourmemoryisreallysimple.It'stotakebreaks.Asamatteroffact,thebrainhasmorelimitedenergyresourcesthanyouprobablythink.Therefore,ittiresquicklyanditslevelsofattentionbegintodropafterabout30to45minutes.Thehippocampus（海马体）istheareaofyourbrainthat'sresponsibleforconsolidating（巩固）yourshort-termmemoriesinthelongterm.Furthermore,forthisconsolidationtobepossible,theremustbeanconnectionwithdifferentregionsofthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）.Currently,weknowthat,forbestconnectivity,wemustrest.Therefore,factorssuchastiredness,negativefeelings,orstressmakeitdifficulttoconnectoneareatotheother.Studiesfoundtakingbreaksofbetweennineand15minutesimprovesmemory,bothinhealthypeopleandinthosewithneurologicaldamage.However,there'sonesmalldetailthat'simportant.Therestmustberealrest.Inotherwords,youshouldgotoaquietspaceandnothaveanydistractions（分心的事）aroundyou.Thisincludesnothavingyourcellphonenearby.Thesecrettoimprovingyourmemoryrequiresyoutorestforbetweentenand15minutesleavingyourmindcompletelyempty.Infact,knowinghowtorestisdecisiveforyourcognitivefunction,balancingyouremotions,andrenewingyourenergy.Yourlifestyleplaysanextremelyimportantroleinthewayyourmemoryfunctions.Restisn'twastingtime.Infact,allowingyourselfsmallbreaksisinvestinginyourhealthandwell-being.49．Whatisthesecrettoimproveyourmemory?50．Whatfactorsmayinfluencetheconnectionbetweendifferentregionsofcerebralcortex?51．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.•Takingrestsisimportantforyourmemoryandspendingabout15minutesinplayingwithyourphonewillhelpimproveit.52．Inadditiontowhatismentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudotoimproveyourmemory?（Inabout40words）六、书面表达53．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校将组织一次主题为"我最敬佩的人"的英文演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

1.你最敬佩的人是谁；

2.你为什么最敬佩他（她）；

3.他（她）对你的影响。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.题目已给出，不计入总词数。ThePersonIAdmire

答案解析部分【答案】1．struck；2．causedseveredamage；3．wasdestroyed；4．rescuedtheinjured【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了唐山大地震造成的损失以及人们积极帮助唐山恢复。【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。1．句意：1976年7月28日3时42分，唐山发生地震。strike"侵袭，降临"，此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语At3：42onJuly28,1976，可知应用一般过去时，故填struck。2．句意：它对城市造成了严重破坏。causeseveredamage"造成严重损失"，是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般过去时，故填causedseveredamage。3．句意：到处几乎所有的东西都被毁了。destroy"毁坏"，是谓语动词，与主语nearlyeverything是被动关系，应用被动语态，不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填wasdestroyed。4．句意：他们建造了避难所并救出了伤者。rescuetheinjured"援救伤者"，此处是谓语动词，与builtshelters并列，应用一般过去时，故填rescuedtheinjured。【答案】5．wonequalrights；6．gainindependence；7．engagedinintenseexercises；8．conductedresearch【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了几个伟人。【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。5．句意：马丁·路德·金为美国黑人争取了平等的权利。winequalrights"争取平等的权利"，是谓语动词，结合空前的fought，可知应用一般过去时，故填wonequalrights。6．句意：甘地领导他的国家从英国统治下独立。gainindependence"获得独立"，此处不定式作宾补，故填gainindependence。7．句意：克里斯托弗·里夫受了重伤，但在家人和朋友的支持下，他进行了高强度的锻炼，最终重返电影和慈善事业。engageinintenseexercises"进行高强度的锻炼"是谓语动词，结合空后的returned，可知应用一般过去时，故填engagedinintenseexercises。8．句意：最令人印象深刻的是屠呦呦，他克服了许多困难，进行了数百次研究，以找到治疗疟疾的方法。conductresearch"进行研究"，此处是谓语动词，与overcamemanydifficulties并列，应用一般过去时，故填conductedresearch。【答案】9．C10．B11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个有关磁铁的实验，提供了一种方法来激发孩子们对科学的热情。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇教育类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。9．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Testthenowmagnetisedneedlewiththespareneedletoseeifitcanpickitup."用备用针头测试磁化的针头，看看它能不能把它捡起来。可知，备用针头是用来检查另一根针是否被磁化。故选C。10．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Then,atthebottomendofthehangingstring,tiethemagnetisedneedle."然后，在挂线的底端，绑上磁化针；以及第八段中的"Watchastheneedlemovesonitsowntopointnorth."当针自行移动指向北方时，请注意。可知，针有磁性，如果磁化针可以指向北方，是因为它具有磁铁的特性。故选B。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Onceyourkidshavegotatasteformagnets,youmightwanttomoveontomoreadvancedexperiments."一旦你的孩子对磁铁有了兴趣，你可能会想继续做更高级的实验。可推断，这个磁铁试验的目的是为了提供一种方法来激发孩子们对科学的热情。故选D。【答案】12．C13．A14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了苏州人王芳全心全意地献身于昆曲，最终通过努力成为了昆曲大师的故事。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第二段"However,herparentsrefusedthetroupe'sinvitation,insistingthatsheshouldconcentrateonherstudiesandnotdropoutofschool."然而，她的父母拒绝了剧团的邀请，坚持要她专心学习，不要辍学。可知，王芳最初没有加入苏州昆曲团是因为她的父母希望她专心学习。故选C。13．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"WangsaysshedidnotloveKunquatfirst,butinherearly20s,whenshewatchedtheshowPeonyPavilionperformedbyZhangJiqing,amasteroftheartform,itclicked."王芳说她一开始并不喜欢昆曲，但在她20岁出头的时候，当她观看了由昆曲大师张继青表演的《牡丹亭》时，她就爱上了昆曲。可推知，是大师的精彩表演改变了王芳对昆曲的态度。故选A。14．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Shewassoakedinsweatwhenpracticingmovementsinsummer,whileinwintersheoftenhadchilblains（冻疮）onherhandswhentraininginshabbyclassroomswithbrokenwindows.‘ButImadeupmymindnottogiveup.Nomatterhowdifficult,Ialwaysgotupearlythenextmorningtopractice,'Wangrecalls."夏天练习动作时，她满身大汗，冬天在窗户破了的破旧教室里训练时，手上经常长冻疮。王回忆说："但我下定决心不放弃。无论多么困难，我总是第二天早上就起床练习。"。可知王芳是一个有决心，刻苦努力的人，故选C。15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Nomatterhowdifficult,Ialwaysgotupearlythenextmorningtopractice,"不管有多难，我总是第二天早上起得很早练习；以及全文可知，本文讲述了王芳学习昆曲的艰苦历程，告知人们：做什么事，想要成功，就必须要坚持，即"罗马不是一日建成的"，故选B。【答案】16．D17．A18．B19．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球由人类控制，动物通过调整日常活动来应对人类的干扰。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。16．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thisstudyshowedanimalsarebecominganaverageof1.36timesmorenocturnalduetohighhumandisturbance."这项研究表明，由于人类的高度干扰，动物夜间活动的次数平均增加了1.36倍。可知动物通过调整日常活动来对应不断增加的人类干扰，故选D。17．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Evenactivitiespeopleconsiderrelativelyinnocuous,suchashikingandwildlifeviewing,stronglyinfluenceanimals'dailyroutines."即使是人们认为相对无害的活动，如徒步旅行和观看野生动物，也会强烈影响动物的日常生活。可知hikingandwildlifeviewing指代上文的relativelyinnocuous，是"无伤大雅的活动"，故选A。18．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Scientiststhinkbecomingnocturnalmayhurtthosespecies（物种）highlyadaptedtothesun.Theymightnotbeabletolivewellatnight,whichwouldeventuallyhurttheirchancesofsurvivalandreproduction.Perhapsevenmorealarmingeffectscouldbeinthewiderecosystem."科学家认为，夜间活动可能会伤害那些高度适应太阳的物种。它们可能无法在晚上过得很好，这最终会损害它们的生存和繁殖机会。也许更令人担忧的影响可能出现在更广泛的生态系统中。可推知动物变成夜行动物可能会导致一些动物灭绝，故选B。19．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Onepotentialapproachmightbetomanagethetimingofhumanactivitiessothatweleavesomeofthedaylightforotheranimals."一种潜在的方法可能是控制人类活动的时间，这样我们就可以把一些阳光留给其他动物。可知Gaynor在下一段可能会解释人类如何管理他们的活动计划，故选A。【答案】20．B21．D22．A23．C【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，介绍了学校不应消减语言课，而应要求所有学生参加。中学应要求学习外语，学习外语为他们提供了锻炼大脑的机会，同时还为他们提供了帮助他们成为当今全球社会生产力成员的工具。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。20．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Farfromcuttinglanguageclasses,schoolsshouldbedemandingthemforallstudents.Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldberequiredinmiddleschools."学校不应该削减语言课程，而应该要求所有学生都这样做。中学应该要求学习一门外语。可知作者认为学习一门外语应该是中学的必修课，故选B。21．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Specifically,multilingualpeoplehavebetterexecutive（执行的）functionthanpeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguage."具体来说，多语言的人比只说一种语言的人有更好的执行功能。可推知作者认为会说不止一门语言的人有更好的执行能力，故选D。22．考查段落大意。根据第四段中的"Ofcourse,inordertomakebetteruseoftheadvantagesofforeignlanguagestudy,middleschoolforeignlanguageclassesshouldnotjustmakestudentsmemorizenewwordsandpronunciation.Theymustalsoteachstudentsaboutnewcultures.Foreignlanguageclassesshouldberequiredtoincludelessonsabouthistory,literature,customs,andgovernmentalongwiththelanguagesthemselves.Thesesubjectswillhelpstudentsbecomebetterglobalcitizensandsupporttheirstudiesinothersubjects."当然，为了更好地利用外语学习的优势，中学外语课不应该只让学生记住新单词和发音。他们还必须教授学生有关新文化的知识。外语课应该包括关于历史、文学、风俗和政府的课程，以及语言本身。这些科目将帮助学生成为更好的全球公民，并支持他们在其他科目上的学习。可知第四段介绍的是在外语课堂上应该教什么，故选A。23．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"Languagestudystrengthensstudents'minds."语言学习能增强学生的心智；以及第三段中的"Moreover,languagestudyhelpspreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareers."此外，语言学习有助于学生为未来的职业生涯做好准备。可知，本文介绍了学习外语的好处，故选C。【答案】24．B；25．C；26．D；27．C；28．A；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．A；34．D；35．A；36．C；37．B；38．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在学校被欺负后开始焦虑和抑郁，偶然在一篇文章中作者了解到宠物狗可能是治疗抑郁的好办法。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。24．句意：虽然一开始焦虑和抑郁来来去去，但它最终成为我生活中不变的一部分。A.easily"容易地"；B.finally"最后"；C.obviously"明显地"；D.actually"实际上"。根据空前"Whileatfirstanxietyanddepressionwouldcomeandgo,"起初，焦虑和抑郁会来来去去，可知，焦虑和抑郁最终成了生活中不变的一部分。故选B。25．句意：我是如此渴望找到克服焦虑和抑郁的方法，所以我尝试了从大学到研究生院的所有方法:改变情绪的药物、特别的茶、瑜伽，任何我在书中读到的东西，以及医生的建议。A.comment"评论，意见"；B.instruction"指令，命令"；C.solution"解决方法"；D.message"消息"。根据空后"overcomingmyanxietyanddepression"可知，此处指解决问题的方法。故选C。26．句意：尽管如此，我仍然觉得我还没有接近解决这个问题。A.again"又，再"；B.too"太，也"；C.only"仅仅"；D.still"仍然"。根据空后的"comeclosetomanagingtheproblem"可知，此处指作者仍然觉得自还没有接近解决这个问题，故选D。27．句意：但有一天下午，我的目光落在了一本杂志上的一篇文章上，那篇文章讲的是狗如何能够帮助患有焦虑症和抑郁症的人。A.spreadout"展开，铺开"；B.paidoff"得到回报"；C.fellupon"落在上"；D.turnedup"出现，调高"。根据空前"myeyes"和空后"anarticleinamagazineIwasreading"可知，此处指目光落在杂志的文章上。故选C。28．句意：就在第二天，我决定买一只狗——一只柯基。A.decided"决定"；B.challenged"挑战"；C.regarded"看待，视为"；D.explored"探索"。根据上文"howdogswereabletohelppeoplewithanxietyanddepressio