培优练（十）　人物故事2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练外刊阅读热点话题练

培优练（十）人物故事2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练外刊阅读热点话题练eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十）人物故事25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解LaurenPricehascomealongwayfromataxidrivertoanOlympicchampion.ShepursuedherOlympicdreamallthewaytowinningthemiddleweightgoldmedalattheTokyo2020SummerOlympics.“WhenIlookbacknow,Ihavetopinch(掐)myselfattimes,becauseIstillthinkit’smadthatIwontheOlympics，”Pricetoldthemedia.Raisedbyhergrandparents,shewasalwaysencouragedtoplaysports.“They’vealwaysbackedme.Ifithadn’tbeenforthem,Iwouldn’thaveachievedanything，”Pricesaid.Hergrandmausedtosaytoher，“Reachforthemoonandifyoufallshort,you’lllandonthestars.”Shebeganwithfootball.ButPricewasalsoahigh－standardkickboxerandwasthentalent－scoutedbyataekwondocoachbeforesheswitchedtoboxing.“FormethebigturningpointwasasachildbeinginspiredbyKellyHolmes.IrememberwatchingheronTVandIwaslike，‘Ohmygoodness,IwanttogototheOlympics’，”Pricerecalled.“Ihadthatdreamovertheyears.Ijustworkedhard.Ibelieveifyouputtheeffortin,you’llgettowhereyouwanttobe.”WhenPricewasbreakingintotheWelshboxingteam,fundingwasextremelylimited.Sosheworkedasadriverforataxicompanywhenshewasstillateenager.“IwastrainingfromMondaytoThursdayandthenIwasdrivingataxionFridayandSaturdaynights.I’dstartworkat5pmandI’dfinishat4inthemorning,pickingupallthedrunkenpassengers，”sheremembered.Thatwasadifferentkindofeducation.“It’squitefunnynowwhenIlookback，”Pricesmiled.Ultimately,sheexcelledasaboxer.Pricewoneverymajorgoldmedalgoing,despitethedifficultiesofcompetingagainstbiggeropponentsoutsideofherweightclass.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作为出租车司机出身的LaurenPrice在经过漫长的不懈努力后终于在东京奥运会的拳击项目中赢得了中量级金牌，她的成功离不开祖父母的支持与鼓励。1.WhicheventdidPricecompeteinattheTokyo2020SummerOlympics?A.Football. B.Kickboxing.C.Taekwondo. D.Boxing.答案D[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Price在东京奥运会上赢得了中量级金牌；又根据后文的叙述可知，Price曾经是一名自由搏击运动员，后来转向了拳击并最终成了一名出色的拳击手且赢得了所有重要比赛的金牌。由此可知，Price在东京奥运会上参加的是拳击比赛。]2.WhoinspiredPricetogototheOlympics?A.Hergrandmother. B.Anathlete.C.Acoach. D.Apassenger.答案B[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Formethebigturningpointwas...IwanttogototheOlympics”可知，Price想参加奥运会的梦想是在电视上看到KellyHolmes的缘故，KellyHolmes是一名运动员，即Price的奥运之梦是受到一名运动员的启发。]3.WhichofthefollowingcontributedmosttoPrice’ssuccess?A.Determination. B.Luck.C.Education. D.Talent.答案A[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“Ihadthatdreamovertheyears...you’llgettowhereyouwanttobe”可知，Price之所以能够成功，个人的决心起着很重要的作用。]4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A.Entertainment. B.Opinions.C.Sports. D.Destinations.答案C[文章出处题。文章讲述了Price的奥运冠军之路。根据常识可知，此类文章应出现在报纸的运动栏目中。]AMalawianwoman，GloriaMajiga－Kamoto，wasrecentlyawardedtheGoldmanEnvironmentalPrizeforAfrica—theworld’sleadingawardforgrassrootsenvironmentalactivists.GloriaMajiga－Kamotowasthenworkingforalocalenvironmentalorganizationwithaprogramthatgavegoatstoruralfarmers,whowouldusethegoatwastetoproducelow－cost,high－qualityorganicfertilizer(肥料).Theproblem?ThethinplasticbagscoveringtheMalawiancountryside.“Wehavethisverycommonstreetfood,chiwaya,whichissaltyandservedinlittleblueplastics，”Majiga－Kamotosays.“Goatseattheplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebecauseitblockstheingestion(吸收)system.”Forher,thiswasthemomentwhenitallchanged.Allofasudden,shestartednoticinghowplasticswereeverywhereintheMalawianenvironmentandfoodsystem—affectingpeople’slivingandhealth.“Irememberbackinthedaywhenwe’dgotothemarketandbuythingslikedriedfish,whichwerewrappedinnewspaper，”the30－year－oldsays.ButthinplasticstookoffinthelastdecadeorsoasnewproducerssprungupinMalawi,sellingproductslikethinplasticbagsatcheapprices.Infact,theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation,productionanddistributionofsingle－useplasticin2015.Butbeforethebancouldgointofulleffect,Malawi’splasticproducingindustryappealedtothecountry’sHighCourtagainsttheban,causingittobesuspended.WhenMajiga－Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.Finallyin2019,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear,thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers.MichaelSutton,executivedirectoroftheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundation，said，“Majiga－Kamoto’sfightwiththeplasticindustryisaperfectexampleofthespiritoftheprize.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。马拉维的GloriaMajiga－Kamoto女士被授予非洲戈德曼环境奖，文章就她与塑料行业斗争的起因、经过和结果进行了详细叙述。5.WhatmadeMajiga－Kamotorealizetheproblem?A.Herexperiencewithplastic－eatinggoats.B.Herdiscoveryofgoatwasteeverywhere.C.Herdoubtaboutthesafetyofstreetfood.D.Hercareforthefarmerslivinginpoverty.答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Goatseattheplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebecauseitblockstheingestion(吸收)system”可知，山羊为了尝到咸味而吃塑料，但因塑料阻塞其吸收系统而导致其死亡，正是由此得到的教训使GloriaMajiga－Kamoto意识到了塑料导致的环境和健康问题。]6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalawi?A.Itusedtobeextremelyrichinfish.B.Itadvocatedusingthinplasticbags.C.Itfailedtobansingle－useplasticatfirst.D.Itreliedheavilyontheplasticindustry.答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段的“theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation...causingittobesuspended”可知，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料，但由于马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停，即马拉维政府最初未能禁止一次性塑料。]7.WhatwasthepurposeofMajiga－Kamoto’sactsinParagraph4?A.Toputthebanintoeffect.B.Tosupportthegovernment.C.Tobacktheplasticindustryup.D.TopromoteMalawi’seconomy.答案A[推理判断题。根据第四段的“Finallyin2019，Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear，thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers”可知，GloriaMajiga－Kamoto进行游行等一系列行动的目的是使禁令生效。]8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMajiga－Kamoto?A.Humble. B.Generous.C.Patient. D.Committed.答案D[推理判断题。通读全文可知，GloriaMajiga－Kamoto是一个环保工作者，发现塑料给环境和生活带来危害时，决定做出改变；当禁塑令被暂停后她组织了游行，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论，最终高等法院裁定支持该禁塑令。由此可推知，GloriaMajiga－Kamoto是一个做事尽心尽力的人。]Ⅱ.完形填空Likemostpeople,Ihavetoworkforaliving.Wehaveabankloan,andother__1__wehavetopay.ButIcertainlydon’thavea9－5__2__.IdecidedlongagothatIcouldnot__3__fixedworkinghoursforabigcompanyandthatIcertainlywasn’tsuitableto__4__inanofficedayinanddayout.Iwork__5__asawriter,gardendesigner,andsustainabilityconsultant.FormanydaysIworklonghours,butIhavealotof__6__andcontrolovereverything.Ihavefoundmy__7__—whatIreallywanttodo.ButIfullyappreciatethatmostpeoplearenotinsucha__8__positionandsomeofthemhavenochoicebutto__9__theworktheydonotlike.Therefore,manypeoplefeel__10__intheirjobsevenwhentheyarenotreallystuckatall.Findingsustainablesolutionsandabetterqualityoflifemeans__11__longandhardaboutwhatyoureallywanttodo,andhowyoucan__12__thatgoal.Workingforyourselfisbeneficialon__13__levels：yousavetime,yousavemoney,andyoucanpotentially__14__yourcarbonfootprint.Considerthis:ManagementconsultancyfirmWSPfoundworkingfrom__15__canhelpreduceyourcarbonfootprintinthesummermonths.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章通过作者的自身经历讲述了一个自由职业者的内心感受，阐明了自由职业的诸多好处。1.A.wages B.rentsC.bills D.fines答案C[根据空前的“Ihavetoworkforaliving.Wehaveabankloan”再结合常识可知，作者生活不易，有银行贷款和其他账单需要支付，故选C。wage“工资”；rent“租金”；bill“账单”；fine“罚款”。]2.A.habit B.jobC.workout D.trip答案B[由下文内容可知，作者是自由职业者，没有一份朝九晚五的工作，故选B。workout“锻炼”。]3.A.arrange B.resistC.avoid D.bear答案D[根据后文可知，此处应指作者很久以前就断定自己不能忍受大公司固定的工作时间，故选D。arrange“安排”；resist“抵抗”；avoid“避免”；bear“忍受”。]4.A.arrive B.competeC.sit D.communicate答案C[根据语境可知，此处是指作者不适合日复一日地坐在办公室里，故选C。arrive“到达”；compete“竞争”；communicate“交流”。]5.A.dully B.occasionallyC.cooperatively D.independently答案D[根据下文的“FormanydaysIworklonghours...controlovereverything”指的是作者工作时间很长，但有很大的灵活性，可以控制一切。结合常识可推知，此处应表示作者是独立工作的作家、花园设计师和可持续发展顾问。independently“独立地”，故选D。dully“呆滞地”；occasionally“偶尔”；cooperatively“合作地”。]6.A.judgement B.flexibilityC.burden D.doubt答案B[根据空后的“andcontrolovereverything”可知，此处表示作者的工作有很大的灵活性，可以掌控一切，故选B。judgement“判断力”；flexibility“灵活性”；burden“负担”；doubt“怀疑”。]7.A.routine B.styleC.pressure D.passion答案D[根据破折号后面的“whatIreallywanttodo”可知，此处指作者找到了自己的激情所在，故选D。routine“常规”；style“风格”；pressure“压力”；passion“激情”。]8.A.fortunate B.promisingC.profitable D.permanent答案A[根据后面的“andsomeofthemhavenochoicebutto________theworktheydonotlike”可知，作者意指多数人不像自己那么幸运，故选A。fortunate“幸运的”；promising“有前途的”；profitable“获利的”；permanent“永久的”。]9.A.submitto B.leaveoutC.makefor D.departfrom答案A[根据语境可知，他们中的一些人别无选择，只能屈服于他们不喜欢的工作，故选A。submitto“屈服于”；leaveout“忽略”；makefor“前往”；departfrom“离开”。]10.A.interested B.relaxedC.engaged D.trapped答案D[根据语境可知，此处表示“许多人觉得自己被工作困住了，即使他们实际上根本没有被困住”。故选D项。engaged“忙碌的”；trapped“受困的”。]11.A.complaining B.thinkingC.worrying D.arguing答案B[根据句意可知，此处表示找到可持续的解决方案和更好的生活质量意味着要长期认真地思考你真正想做的事情以及你如何能够实现那个目标，故选B。complain“抱怨”；argue“争论”。]12.A.reach B.ignoreC.discover D.switch答案A[见上题解析。reach“实现”；ignore“忽视”；discover“发现”；switch“转换”。]13.A.special B.multipleC.high D.spiritual答案B[根据后文可知，此处指为自己工作有很多好处，故选B。multiple“多种多样的”；spiritual“精神的”。]14.A.decrease B.recordC.calculate D.increase答案A[此处考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“canhelpreduceyourcarbonfootprint”可知，此处指你可以减少你的碳足迹，故选A。decrease“减少”；record“记录”；calculate“计算”；increase“增加”。]15.A.nothing B.realityC.home D.office答案C[根据后面的“canhelpreduceyourcarbonfootprint”并结合常识可知，该处指在家办公有助于减少夏季的碳足迹，故选C。workfromhome“在家上班”。]B篇Para.3：suspendv.暂停，中止springup涌现；突然出现或发生Para.4：rule常用义：v.统治，控制文章义：v.(尤指对法律问题)判定，裁定eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（四）科学发现25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Nightlightfromstreetlampsandphoneschangethebodyclock，thereforeweakeningthebody’sabilitytocontrolbloodsugarlevelsandraisingtheriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)bymorethanaquarter，newresearchhasfound.Theresearchwasbasedonalmost100，000menandwomeninChinawhowereexposedtoartificiallightwhileitwasdarkoutside.Thoseexposedthemostwere28percentmorelikelytodevelopthisconditionbecauseoftheinterference(干预)thelighthadonthebody’sproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素)whichaffectsoursleeppatterns.Evidenceisgrowingthat24/7lifestylesareseriouslydamagingourhealthbyinterferingwiththeproductionofmelatonin.Long－timeexposuretoresidentialoutdoorartificiallightwaslinkedtoariseinbloodsugarlevels.Itwasalsoassociatedwithpoorerfunctionofthecellswhichcontrolbloodsugar.LeadauthorDr.YuXu,ofRuijinHospital,Shanghai,said，“Despiteover80percentoftheworld’spopulationbeingexposedtolightpollutionatnight,thisproblemhasgainedlimitedattentionfromscientistsuntilrecentyears.”ThestudyestimatedmorethanninemillioncasesofdiabetesinChineseadultscanbeattributedtoit.Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviewstoprovidemedical,householdincome,education,wayoflife,andfamilyhistoryinformation.BodyweightandheightweremeasuredtocalculateBMI,andbloodsamplesweretakentoobtainlevelsofbothfastingandaftermealglucose(葡萄糖).Participantswereassignedanaverageartificialoutdoorlightexposurelevelforthelocationusingsatelliteimages.Theyweredividedintofivegroupsbasedonhighesttolowestexposure.Onaverage,forevery42peoplelivinginregionswiththemostlightpollution,therewasonemorecaseofdiabetes.Dr.Xusaid,“Exposuretoartificiallightatnightisacommonenvironmentalriskfactorinmodernsocieties.”Morethan99percentofpeopleintheUSandEuropeliveunderlight－pollutedskies.Earth’s24－hourday－nightcyclehasresultedinmostorganisms,includinghumans，havinganinbuiltcircadian(昼夜的)timingsystem,butlightpollutionhasbeenfoundtochangethecircadianrhythmofinsects,birdsandotheranimals,resultinginearlydeathandlossofbiodiversity.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。新的研究表明，夜间的人造灯光会改变人体的生物钟，从而削弱人体控制血糖水平的能力，增加患糖尿病的风险。1.Howcanartificiallightaffectpeople’shealth?A.Itcanharmpeople’seyesight.B.Itcanaffectpeople’ssleeppatterns.C.Itcanweakenthefunctionofbraincells.D.Itcanincreasetheproductionofmelatonin.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“becauseoftheinterference(干预)...whichaffectsoursleeppatterns”可知，夜间的人造灯光会干预人体褪黑激素的分泌，而褪黑激素影响着人们的睡眠模式。]2.Whatinformationabouttheparticipantswascollected?A.Work. B.Sleep.C.Lifestyle. D.Marriage.答案C[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviews...andfamilyhistoryinformation.”可知，参与实验的人们提供了自己的医疗、家庭收入、教育程度、生活方式和家族史信息。]3.Whathelpedwiththestudy?A.Previousfindings.B.Hightechnology.C.Internationalassistance.D.Artificialchemicals.答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中提到的usingsatelliteimages可知，研究人员在研究中借助了卫星图像，也就是使用了高科技。]4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Artificiallightisharmingtheworld.B.Peoplearefightingagainstpollution.C.Thewasteofelectricityistheprimaryissue.D.MostlightpollutionisfromtheUSandEurope.答案A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，人造灯光正危害着全世界。]Lotsofpeopledislikerats.Theyslidearoundsewers(下水道).Theygetinthegarbage.Theycanspreaddisease.Itcanbedifficulttoseetheirvalue—otherthanasananimalmodelforstudyinghumanillnesses.Butratshavemoretoshare.WhenthefirstEuropeanscametoVirginia,blackratstookarideintheirships.TheywentontolivewiththeEuropeansandoftenbuiltnestsinthewallsofpeople’shomes.Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers.Theyshowwhatspecificmaterialstheearlysettlersused,whichhelpshistoriansfindoutwhattheycouldmakeandproduceforthemselves—andwhattheyhadtoimportfromacrosstheocean.Inrats,DNA“reallytellsastoryaboutthepeople，”saysEmilyPuckett,whostudieshowaspecies’DNAdiffersacrossitsrange.Anotherspecies—thebrownratcanhelptellalargestoryabouthowpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds.BrownratswereoriginallyfromEasternChinaandMongolia.Puckett’sDNAsampleshaveshownthatthebrownratspreadsouthandeastfromthere,toIndiaandalmosteverywhereelse.TheDNAinitsbonescouldhelpdeterminewheretheratscamefrom—andwhichcitiesmighthavebeenlinked.AttheUniversityofYorkinEngland,DavidOrtonstudiesanimalsthatlivedwithancienthumans.Usually，whenhistoriansfindremainsofanancientcity,theywanttodigandfindmore.“Thetroubleisthatmostofthetime,theancientcitiestendtobeunderneathmoderncities，”Ortonsays.“Andyoucan’tjustgoanddigthewholethingup.”Butyoucanfollowtherats.Ratsare“verydependentonhumansfortheirfoodsuppliesandfortheirshelter，”heexplains.Theseratshavegivenusanewappreciation.“Itisfascinatingtothinkthattheselittlecreaturesarestealingthingsandthatnowwe’resafeguardingthemtomakeastudy，”MaureenElgersmanLee,ahistorian,says.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值：可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索，可以揭示我们的历史。5.Whatdohistoriansprobablylearnfromthenestofrats?A.Theappearanceoftheirnests.B.Thefamilymembers’occupations.C.Thelivingconditionsofearlysettlers.D.Theprocessoftheirfoodtransportation.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers”可知，这些巢穴充满了早期定居者的信息。由此可知，历史学家可能会从老鼠窝中了解到早期定居者的生活条件。]6.Whycanthebrownrathelptellalargestory?A.BecauseitoriginatedfromEasternChina.B.BecauseitsDNAreflecteditsspreadingexperience.C.Becauseitenjoyedtravellingaroundtheglobe.D.Becauseitsboneswerefullofinformationofcities.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Puckett发现，另一个物种——棕色老鼠可以帮助讲述人类是如何在全球范围内传播的大故事，且Puckett的DNA样本和棕色老鼠骨头里的DNA都反映了棕色老鼠的传播经历。由此可知，棕色老鼠可以帮助讲述一个大故事，因为它的DNA反映了它的传播经历。]7.WhatdoDavidOrton’swordsmean?A.Humansofferedfoodandsheltertorats.B.Historianscouldstudytheancientcitybydigging.C.Theancientcitiesweremostlylocatedabovemodernones.D.Ratscouldofferacluetolearningthesizeofancientcities.答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中DavidOrton说的话可知，大多数时候，古城往往位于现代城市的下面。你不能直接把整个东西都挖出来，但是你可以跟着老鼠。由此可推知，DavidOrton的话的意思是老鼠可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索。]8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RatsDifferinDifferentRegionsB.RatsChangePeople’sAttitudeC.RatsRevealtheHistoryofUsD.RatsDependonHumansforLiving答案C[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值：可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索，可以揭示我们的历史。]Ⅱ.完形填空WhenIretired,mywifePegsaid,“Great!You’llhavetimetocleanthegarage！”After30years’__1__asthedirectorofaradiostation,Iwouldfinallyhavemoretimeforhousework,butIworriedI’dlosethesenseof__2__Ihadfeltinmyprofession.Ipushedatthegarage’swoodendoors,buttheywereas__3__asIfeltinthisnewstageofmylife.Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoemptytheshelves.Thenmyhandhitsomething__4__.Itwasacommonoldmetalcan.I__5__thecoverandfounda__6__envelopewithapostmarkofMay13,1940inside.__7__，Iopeneditandfoundsomeflowerseedsinit.“Eightyyearsold!Iwonderifthey’llstillgrow.”Isaid.I__8__theseedsinaplasticpot.Icheckediteveryday,butnothinghappened.“Iguessthey’rejusttoo__9__togrow，”ItoldPegin__10__.Ipickedupthepottogetridofit,butsomethingmademe__11__.Ichangedmymindandsetitaside.Meanwhile,Iwaskeeping__12__，buyingsomebookstoimprovemyphotographyskillsandteachingmygranddaughterseverythingIknewaboutgardeninganddogs.Sixweekslater,IwasoutintheyardwhenI__13__tonoticethepot.Anewbitofgreen—aleafhad__14__.Iproudlyshoweditofftomygranddaughters,“Look,girls,evensomethingthisoldcanstill__15__foritspurposeandbeprettycool,justlikeyourgrandpapa！”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者退休之后在家里整理车库时，发现了一个旧罐子里面居然放着80年前的种子。于是，作者满怀期待地种下了种子，每天都要查看，但是什么也没有长出来。作者本想把种花的塑料瓶扔掉但又改变了主意，后来，种子竟然长出了绿叶。这让作者非常感慨。1.A.dream B.beliefC.study D.service答案D[空处呼应上文中的“WhenIretired”。据此可以推测，此处讲作者的工作经历——作者担任了30年的无线电台主任。service“(尤指长期、受到敬重的)工作，效劳，服务”。]2.A.freedom B.purposeC.trust D.security答案B[此处考查原词复现，呼应结尾句中的“purpose”。作者担心自己可能会失去在职业中感受到的意义(purpose)。security“安全；平安；担保；保证”。]3.A.worn B.stuckC.broken D.lost答案B[根据下文中的