《物流英语》课件-12 IT

Logisticsand

InformationSystemsLogisticsInformationFlow2ExamplesofInformationFlows3LogisticsInformationSystemsDefinitionAninteractingstructureofpeople,equipment,andproceduresthattogethermakerelevantinformationavailabletothelogisticsmanagerforthepurposesofplanning,implementation,andcontrol.4TechnologyImpactsonSupplyChainDisintermediation.5(a)SimplifiedSupplyChain(b)SupplyChainwithDisintermediationChronicleofInternetMilestones.6MajorDriversoftheConnectedEconomy:

Customer-CentricValueWebModelExchangesAllowssupplychainparticipantstobuyandsellneededgoodsandservices.LimitedcoordinationorcollaborationTradingCommunitiesHubsofsuppliers,customers,manufacturers,distributors,andwholesalersbroughttogetherinanInternetinterchangeplatform.7MajorDriversoftheConnectedEconomy17:

Customer-CentricValueWebModelIntelligentMarketplaces–FourelementsTools-Networkoptimizingsoftwaretoolsused.Technology-Equipmentisavailabletoallparticipants.Integration-Greatercollaborationandseamlessintegrationofsupplychainprocesses.Flexibility-Trades,transactions,andsolutionswillincludeoperationalflexibilitycomponents.8ContemporaryLogisticsInformationTechnologiesBarcodingMostcommonlyusedautomaticidentificationtechnologyConsistencyofthistechnologyimportantfactorinefficiencyandeffectiveness.RFID–ThetechnologyoftomorrowElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)-B2B,computer-to-computerexchangeofbusinessdatainastructured,machine-readableformat.9EDIversusTraditionalMethods.10ContemporaryLogisticsInformationTechnologiesExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)MethodofpackinginformationformovementontheInternet.MayreplaceEDIinthefuture.Handheldinputdevicesandopticalscanning–usedtocollectdata.Radiofrequencies–allowcommunicationsofdevices.11ContemporaryLogisticsInformationTechnologiesImagingBothphotographicandfacsimileprocessesarebeingusedtoimagedocuments.Artificialintelligence/expertsystemsAttemptstotransferhumanintelligencetoamachine.Expertsystemsreplicate“bestpractices”ofhumanstoacomputer-basedsystem.12ContemporaryLogisticsInformationTechnologiesRFtechnologyUsesradiofrequencytotransmitcomputeroutputs,possiblyfromanexpertsystemtohumanoperateddevices,suchas,aforklift.Optimizesquality,efficiency,andaccuracy.OnboardcomputersandsatellitetrackingUsessystemssuchasGPStotrackandcommunicatewithmobileand/orremotevehicles.Ed.13LogisticsInformationSystems.14LogisticsInformationSystems:PlanningSystemProvidesdecisionsupportforlogisticsmanagersLogisticsfunctionaldatabasesComprehensiverelationaldatabasethatcontainsthetypeofinformationneededtomakeeffectivedecisions.Greatestuseinthetransportation,inventory,andproductareaswithwarehousingandcustomerareasshowinglessprogress.Managementof15LogisticsInformationSystems:PurchasingPurchasingmovesonlineResponsibleforshort-term,day-to-dayfunctioningofthelogisticssystem.Includetechnologiesthathelpmanagewarehousing,transportation,internationaltrade,andinventory.Manyrecentadvancesintechnologyandtheseadvanceswillmostlikelycontinuetoevolveandimpactlogisticsmanagementinthefuture..16DirectMaterialsPurchasingMovesOnline.17LogisticsInformationSystems:ResearchandIntelligenceSystemEnvironmentalscanningUndirectedviewingGeneralexposuretoinformationConditionedviewingDirectedexposuretoinformationInformalsearchLimitedandunstructuredefforttofindinformationFormalsearchDeliberateefforttofindinformationrelatingtoaspecificissue18LogisticsInformationSystems:KnowledgeManagementTomaximizetheresultsofanenvironmentalscan,thelogisticsmanagerneedstoconsult:LogisticsareaemployeesChannelpartnersInternalauditorexternalconsultantOtherinternallogisticsinitiativesItisincreasinglypopulartodedicateawebsitetoholdinformationfromthescan.19LogisticsInformationSystems:ReportsandOutputsSystemManylogisticsmanagersdonotbelievethatreportscommunicateeffectively.Communicationoccursonlyifthemessagekeysintothereceiver’svaluesandrespondsdirectlytotheneedsoftherecipient.TypesofreportsPlanningreportsOperatingreportsControlreports20ContemporaryIssuesinInformationSystemsQualityofInformation:ThreemajorissuesAvailabilityofInformationManagersmaybeuncertainofneeds.Supplieddatanotconsistentwithneeds.AccuracyofInformationOnceconsidered“bad”,itisignored!Accountingpracticesmustaccommodatelogisticsneeds.EffectivenessofCommunication21ArchitectureandObjectivesofInformationSystemsInformationSystemBuildingProcessFourkeytypesofISpeopleneeded:AnalyststodesignprocessesandprogramsProgrammerstobuildandproducesoftwareTechnicianstobuildhardwareinfrastructureandkeepitrunningDatamanagerstobuilddatawarehouse22Ascenari