




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
REVERSELOGISTICSDefinitionsLogistics(Forward)“Processofplanning,implementingandcontrolling(1)
theefficient,cost-effectiveflowofrawmaterials,in-processinventory,finishedgoodsandrelatedinformation(2)
fromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumption(3)
forthepurposeofconformingtocustomerrequirements(4)”
-CouncilofLogistics,1988-
ReverseLogistics“Processofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,cost-effectiveflowofrawmaterials,in-processinventory,finishedgoodsandrelatedinformationfromthepointofconsumptiontothepointoforiginforthepurposeofrecapturingvalueorproperdisposal”
-RogersandTibben-Lembke-ReverseLogisticsActivitiesHandlingofreturnedmerchandiseDamageSeasonalinventoryResellviaoutletSalvageofoutdatedproductsStock–balancingreturnsRecyclingandreuseMaterialreuseRemanufacturing/refurbishingHazardousmaterialsdispositionSource:/img/edition04_ups.jpgTheReverseLogisticsProcessSizeofReverseLogistics“ReverselogisticscostsintheUnitedStatesareestimatedtobeapproximately4%oftotalU.S.logisticscosts”-ROGERS,D.,ReverseLogisticsChallenges,2002- -Roughly$47billionsin2006“Itisestimatedthatreverselogisticscostsaccountforalmost1%ofthetotalUnitedStatesgrossdomesticproduct”MOORE,R.,Reverselogistics:Theleastuseddifferentiator,2006. -Roughly$132billionsin2006“TheCenterforLogisticsManagementattheUniversityofNevadaconservativelyestimatesthat6%ofallgoodsmaybereturned,butconcedesthatthetruenumbermaybecloserto8%”MOORE,R.,Reverselogistics:Theleastuseddifferentiator,2006.ReturnPercentagesSource:RogersandTibben-Lembke,GoingBackwards:ReverseLogisticsTrendsandPractices,1998PublishingIndustryHighestrateofunsoldcopies(28%onaverage)Growthoflargechainstores:MoresquarefootagerequiresmorebooksTosecureaprominentdisplayinsuperstores,publishersmustsupplylargequantitiesofbooksSuperstoresselllessthan70%ofbookstheyorderShortershelflifeComputer/ElectronicIndustryShorterlifecyclesApproximately325millionPC’sbecameobsoleteintheUSbetween1985and2005OpportunitiestoreuseandcreatevalueoutofanearlyomnipresentassetHowtorecoverandreusematerialscontainedwithinE-waste?Lead,copper,aluminumgold,plasticsandglassE-wasteincludescomputers,televisions,cellphones,audioequipmentandbatteriesRemanufacturingoftonercartridges:12,000remanufacturers,employing42,000workers,sellnearly$1billionannuallyAutomotiveIndustryPrimaryareas:Components,suchasengines,alternators,starters,andtransmissionsarerefurbishedbeforetheycanbesoldMaterialsarereclaimedthroughcrushingorshreddingAutomotiverecyclershandlemorethan37%ofthenation’sferrousscrapRemanufacturedautopartsmarketisestimatedat$34billion,annuallyRetailIndustryProfitmarginsaresoslimthatgoodreturnmanagementiscriticalReturnsreducetheprofitabilityofretailersmarginallymorethanmanufacturersReturnsreducetheprofitabilityofretailersby4.3%Theaverageamountthatreturnsreduceprofitabilityamongmanufacturersis3.80%Forwardvs.ReverseLogisticsSTRATEGICUSEOFREVERSELOGISTICSReverseLogisticsasaStrategicWeaponManyfirmshavenotyetdecidedtoemphasizereverselogisticsasastrategicvariable.Thehandlingofreverselogisticschallengesisanstrategiccapability.Reverselogisticsisstrategicallyusedto:Reducetheriskofbuyingproductsthatmaynotbe“hotselling”items.Increasetheswitchingcostsofchangingsuppliers.Source:RogersandTibben-Lembke,GoingBackwards:ReverseLogisticsTrendsandPractices,1998STRATEGICUSEOFREVERSELOGISTICSCompetitiveReasonsLiberalreturnpoliciesoverthelastfewyearsdueofcompetitivepressures.Takingbackunwantedproductsorproductscustomersbelievedonotmeetneeds.GoodCorporateCitizenshipUsereverselogisticscapabilitiesforaltruisticreasons,suchasphilanthropy.Theseactivitiesenhancethevalueofthebrandandareamarketingincentivetopurchasetheirproducts.Source:RogersandTibben-Lembke,GoingBackwards:ReverseLogisticsTrendsandPractices,1998STRATEGICUSEOFREVERSELOGISTICSCleanChannelCleanoutcustomerinventories,sothattheycanpurchasemorenewgoods.Fresherinventoriescandemandbetterprices,whichinturn,protectsmargin.
LegalDisposalIssuesAslandfillfeesincrease,andoptionsfordisposalofhazardousmaterialdecrease,legallydisposingofnon-salvageablematerialsbecomesmoredifficult.RecaptureValueandRecoverAssetsLargeportionofbottom-lineprofitsisderivedfromassetrecoveryprograms.Profitderivedfrommaterialsthatwerepreviouslydiscarded.STRATEGICUSEOFREVERSELOGISTICSOperationalFactorsinReverseLogisticsSystemsAholisticviewofreverselogisticsisessentialforaprofitableandsustainedbusinessstrategy.Source:DowlatshahiS.Developingatheoryofreverselogistics.Interfaces;May/Jun2000REVERSELOGISTICSCHALLENGESRetailer–ManufacturerConflictInefficienciesthatlengthenthetimeforprocessingreturns:ConditionoftheitemValueoftheitemTimelinessofresponseTheyhavetodevelopaworkingpartnershiptoderivemutualbenefit.ProblemReturnSymptomsLackofinformationabouttheprocess.Ifyouaren’tmeasuringit,youaren’tmanagingit.Source:RogersandTibben-Lembke,GoingBackwards:ReverseLogisticsTrendsandPractices,1998REVERSELOGISTICSCHALLENGESCauseandEffectPoordatacollectionleadstouncertaintyaboutreturncauses.Improvingthereturnprocessdecreasescosts.Beingabletoseedefectiveproductsandtotrackreturnissues.ReactiveResponseGovernmentregulationorpressurefromenvironmentalagencies.Ithasnotbeenpossibletojustifyalargeinvestmentinimprovingreverselogisticssystemsandcapabilities.BARRIERSTOGOODREVERSELOGISTICSNumerousbarrierstogoodreverselogisticsexistManagementinattentionandthelackofimportanceofreverselogistics.Corporatestrategyforhandlingreturnsandnon-salableitems.Legalissuesdonotappeartobeamajorproblem.Companiescannotcontinuetooverlookthenecessityofgoodreverselogisticsmanagement.Source:RogersandTibben-Lembke,GoingBackwards:ReverseLogisticsTrendsandPractices,1998KeyReverseLogisticsManagementElementAvoidancePreventiveMeasures:
ToincreaseQuality–minimizereturnsbydefectiveproductsReturnagreementswithretailers/distributorsCustomerService–providingtoll-freenumbersthatcustomerscancallbeforereturningproductsGoal:designitsmerchandiseandsystemsinamannerthatwillminimizereturnssincetheimpossibilityoffullypreventcustomersfromsendingpurchasedproductsbackKeyReverseLogisticsManagementElementCompactingDispositionCycleTime
Importanttoknowbeforehandwhattodowithreturnedgoods
Whenmaterialoftencomesbackintoadistributioncenter,itisnotclearwhethertheitemsare:defective,canbereused,orrefurbished,orneedtobesenttoalandfillThechallengeofrunningadistributionsysteminforwardisdifficult–employeeshavedifficultymakingdecisionswhenthedecisionrulesarenotclearlystatedandexceptionsareoftenmadeGoal:toreducetheamountoftimetofigureoutwhattodowithreturnedproductsoncetheyarriveKeyReverseLogisticsManagementElementReverseLogisticsInformationSystemsOneofthemostseriousproblemsthatthecompaniesfaceintheexecutionofareverselogisticsisthedearthofagoodinformationsystems.Toworkwell,aflexiblereverselogisticsinformationsystemisrequired.
ThesystemshouldcreateadatabaseatstorelevelsothattheretailercanbegintrackingreturnedproductandfollowitallthewaybackthroughthesupplychainInformationsystemshouldalsoincludedetailedinformationprogramsaboutimportantreverselogisticsmeasurements,suchasreturnsrates,recoveryrates,andreturnsinventoryturnoverUsefultoolssuchasradiofrequency(RF)arehelpful.Newinnovationssuchastwo-dimensionalbarcodeandradiofrequencyidentificationlicenseplates(RFID)maysoonbeinuseextensivelyKeyReverseLogisticsManagementElement
CentralizedReturnCenters(CRC)ConsistencyindispositiondecisionsandminimizationsoferrorsSpacesavingadvantageforretailerswhowanttodedicateasmuchoftheshopfloortosalablemerchandiseaspossibleLaborcostreduction–duetospecialization,CRCemployeescantypicallyhandlereturnsmoreefficientlythanretailclerkscanTransportationcostreduction–emptytruckloadsusedtopickupreturnmerchandiseAsellingtool–theeasydispositionofreturneditemsrepresentcanbeanappealingservicetoretailers,andmaybeadeal-makerforobtainingorretainingcustomersFasterdispositiontimes–itallowsthecompanytoobtainhighercreditsandrefundsstayidleforsmallerperiodsoftime,thuslosinglessvalueEasiertoidentifytrendsinreturns–anadvantagetomanufacturerwhocandetectandfixqualityproblemssoonerthanifthesereturnswerehandledentirelybycustomerservicepersonnelKeyReverseLogisticsManagementElementZeroReturns
Aprogramwherethecompanyinquestiondoesnotacceptreturnsfromitscustomers.Rather,itgivestheretaileranallowablereturnrate,andproposesguidelinesastotheproperdispositionoftheitems.SuchpoliciesareusuallyaccompaniedbydiscountsfortheretailerItpassesthereturnsresponsibilityontotheretailer,whilereducingcostsforthemanufacturerordistributorThedrawback:themanufacturerlossescontroloveritsmerchandiseReverseLogisticsandtheEnvironmentEnvironmentalconsiderationshaveagreaterimpactonmanylogisticsdecisions.Forexample:ManyproductscannolongerbeplacedinlandfillsFirmsforcedtotakebacktheirproductsattheendoftheirusefullifetime.DecreaseoflandfillavailabilityandincreaseinLandfillcosts.GreenLogisticsandReverseLogisticsReverseLogisti
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 物理军考题目及答案大全
- 吉林省长春市双阳区2024届中考数学全真模拟试卷含解析
- 《宝葫芦的秘密》读后感50字
- 外墙吊绳施工方案
- 稳派教育面试题及答案
- 内江职业技术学院《土木工程施工与管理软件应用》2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷
- 广西质量工程职业技术学院《乡镇行政管理专题》2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷
- 湖北水利水电职业技术学院《商务沟通》2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷
- 四川希望汽车职业学院《交通前沿技术研讨》2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷
- 安徽省宿州市泗县一中2025年高三3月统一联合考试英语试题含解析
- 设计服务项目应急预案
- 义务教育科学课程标准(2022年版)解读
- 数字化系列研究之财务数智化篇:大型集团企业财务管理的数智化
- 大单元教学设计 统编版四年级下册道德与法治 第四单元备课教案
- 大学语文(第三版)教案 哑了的三角琴
- 运动损伤处理中的抗痛药物选择
- 【可行性报告】2023年水利信息化相关项目可行性研究报告
- 物料承认流程
- 第二章1:公文写作的构成要素
- 单兵队列教学法
- 湘艺高中美术-美术鉴赏《21原始人的创造》课件
评论
0/150
提交评论