大学英语四级模拟试卷270

大学英语四级模拟试卷270

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononhowtoreduce

stress.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.现代社会人们的压力与日俱增2.压力产生的原因3.减少压力的办法

标准答案：HowtoReduceStressWiththeconstantlychangingandquickeningpaceof

modernlife,manypeopleareusedtorushingthroughtheirlife.Peoplehavelearnedto

takeitforgrantedthatthestressisandwillbeincreasingallthetime.Acertaindegreeof

stresscanpromoteourstudyandwork,buttoomuchstressiscertainlyharmful,and

sometimesmayevencauseseriousmentalandphysicalproblems.Soitisnecessaryto

knowhowtoreducestress.Stresscancomefromeverydirection.Forinstance,itcan

comefromsortsofcompetitionwithotherpeople.Itcancomewhenwehavetoomany

thingstodoandtoolittletimetodoit.Itcanalsocomewhenwedonothaveenough

moneytopayforwhatwcwant.Itcanalsocomewhenwclackconfidenceandadmire

others.Therearemanywaysthatcanhelpussolvethisproblem,butthefollowingmay

bethemosteffective.First,weshouldmakeapracticaljudgmentonourownabilityand

dowhatwecando.Don'tsetagoalthatistoohighbecausetherearemanythingsinthis

worldthatarebeyondourreach.Second,weshouldlearntobeconsiderateandtolerant.

Donottrytochangeotherpeopleorotherthings.Everythinghasitsownwayinthe

world.Third,we'dbetternot-too-muchkeenonthematerialthings.Ifyoutryto"keepup

withtheJoneses",youburdenyourselfwithstressandcanwalknolongerontheroadto

happiness.Donotharboranyjealousy,vanity,orresentmenttoothers.Besatisfiedv/ith

whatwehave.Finally,weshouldkeepfrequentcommunicationwithourrelativesand

friends.Talkwiththemwhatwewantandthinkof.Sharewiththemourhappinessand

misery.Thisallwillhelpustofee）better.Thesearenotnecessarytheonlywaystodeal

withstress,anditismyhopethateveryonecanfreefremstress,bothmentallyand

physically,andlivearelaxedhappylife.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70

分。）

Bearisagroupofinaininals（哺乳动物）distinguishedbyalarge,strongbody;powerful

limbs;densefur;andashorttail.BearsliveinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Europe,

andAsia,wheretheyoccupyawiderangeofhabitats,includingmountain,forest,and

Arcticwilderness.Overthelastcenturybearpopulationshavesteadilydeclinedas

humanshaveoverhuntedbearsandoccupiedtheirhabiiat（栖息地）.Zoologists（scientists

whostudyanimals）classifyeightspeciesofbears:giantpanda,spectacledbear,sunbear.

slothbear（长毛熊），Asiaticblackbear,Americanblackbear,brownbear,andpolarbear.

Allofthesespecies,withtheexceptionofsomepopulationsofspectacledbearsandsun

bears,livenorthoftheequator.BearsarenotcurrentlyfoundinAfrica,Australia,or

Antarctica.Allbearsaresimilar,butindividualspeciesvaryinsize,diet,andtypeof

habitat.Forexample,polarbearsliveinfrozenArcticwilderness,wheretheyfeed

primarilyonseals,whilesunbearsliveinAsianironforestsanddineoninsects,fruits,

nuts,andsmallanimals.Reachingweightsof800kg,polarbearsmaygrow12times

largerthantheirsmallercousinsthesunbears,whichrarelyexceed66kginweight.

Despitetheconsiderabledivisionofitsrange,thebrovvnbearisstillthemostwidespread

memberofitsfamily.ItpersistsinscatteredpocketsfromSpaintoJapanand'inthe

northernRockyMountainsoftheUnitedStates.Populationsaremorecontinuousin

Russia,Alaska,andCanada.Thisbroadrangeencompasses（包含）muchvariation,from

enormouscoastalbrownbearsinAlaskaandKamchatkatomuchsmallerbearsin

SouthernEurope,wherelarge,dangerousindividuals（andtheirgenes）wereeliminated

longago.Therearepalecreambrownbearsandalmostblackbrownbears.Becauseof

theirfrostedcoats,brownbeamoftheNorthAmericaninteriorareuniversallycalled

grizzlies（灰熊）.Bearshavelongfascinatedhumans.Ancientcaveartandmorerecent

paintingsandsculptureillustratethefearaswellasadmirationwithwhichpeopleregard

theawesomepowerandacuteintelligenceofbears.Infairytales,bearsarethesymbolic

imageofbravedeeds.Infolkliterature,thebear'shabitofdisappearinginwintermonths

andemerginginspringevokesathemeofspiritualrenewal,thesupplyoffood,andthe

returnofprosperity.Inmodemtimes,astherecreationaluseofparksandwilderness

areashasgrowndramatically,humanshaveexperiencedincreasedcontactwithbears.

Bearattacksonhumansarerare,however.Americanblackbearskilledfewerthan40

peopleduringthe20thcentury.Grizzlybears,atypeofbrownbear,aremoredangerous,

butattacksonhumansarestillrare.InUnitedStatesnationalperksthatarehometo

grizzlies,injuryratesfromgrizzlybearsareaboutonepersonper2millionvisitors.Bears

prefertoavoidhumans,butwhenattacksdooccur,theyarcusuallytheresultofhumans

surprisingthesenervous,shy,andeasilyfrightenedanimals.Bearsaregiantanimalswith

wideshoulders,ashortback,shortandthicklegs,broadpaws,andashorttail.Theyhave

alengthenedhead,roundedearsthatstandstraightup,smalleyes,andalongsnout（嘴）.

Bearshuntforfoodusinganacutesenseofhearingandanextremelykeensenseof

smell—somecandetectodorsfrommorethanamileaway.Beareyesightisprobably

similarinsharpnesstohumanvision.Blackbears,andlikelyotherbears,havecolor

vision,whichhelpsthemidentifyripefruitsandnuts.Bearshave32to42teeth,

dependingonthespecies,andtheseteethreflectavarieddietofbothplantsandanimals.

Althoughallbearsaremeateaters,allbutpolarbearshavebecomeomnivorous-thatis,

theyeatmanytypesoffoods,includingroots,nuts,fruits,berries,seaweed,grasses,

honeyandants.Bearteetharenotassharporspecializedforshearing（剪毛）meatasare

thoseofsomeothercarnivores,suchascats.Forinstance,canine（犬齿）teethinmost

carnivoresaregenerallylargeandpointedandareusedforkillingprey.Inbears,

however,theseteetharerelativelysmall,andbearstypicallyusethemmoretodefend

themselvesorastools.Themolar（臼齿）teethofbearsarebroadandflat,adaptedto

shredding（撕碎）andgrindingplantfoodintosmall,easilydigestedpieces.Bearshave

fourlimbsthatendinpav/s.Eachpewhasfivelong,sharpclaws.Unlikecats,bearsare

notabletodrawbacktheirclaws.Dependingonthespecies,theseclawsmaybeusedto

climbtrees,ripopenantnestsandbeehives,diguproots,orcatchprey.Bearswalk

differentlythanmost,carnivores（食肉动物），whichtendtowalkontheirtoesinaway

thatisadaptedforspeed.Likehumans,bearswalkwiththeirweightonthesolesoftheir

hindfeet,withtheheeltouchingtheground,whilethecoesoftheforefeetareusedmore

forbalance.Thisdistributionofweighttowardthehindfeetgivesbeatsaslowpace.

Althoughbearsarcslowerthanmostothercarnivores,suchaslionsandwolves,a

runningbearcanstillroachspeedsof50km/h.Bearsarefarstrongerthanother

carnivores,andtheirlimbsaremoreflexibleandswift.Bearfurislongandhairy.Fur

colorvariesamongspecies,rangingfromallwhite,blonde,orcreamtoblackandwhite

toallblackorallbrown.Furcolormayalsovarywithinaspecies.Americanblackbears,

forinstance,maybeblack,brown,reddish-brown,orbluish-black.Severalspecies,such

asthesunbearandspectacledbear,havelighter-coloredchestandfacialmarkings.

2、BearsarefbundinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Europe,andAfrica.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析:文中第一段提到"BearsliveinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,

Europe,andAsia.”文中第二段又提至『"BearsarcnotcurrentlyfoundinAfrica,

Australia,orAntarctica.”因此熊通常说来不居住在非洲，本题的表达与文章内容

不符。

3、Bearpopulationshavedecreasedbecausehumanshaveoverhuntedhearsand

occupiedtheirhabitat.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中第二段末尾提到“Overthelastcer.turybearpopulationshave

steadilydeclinedashumanshaveoverhuntedbearsandoccupiedtheirhabitat.“在过去

的一个世纪，熊的数量减少是因为人类的过量猎捕和占据了他们的栖息地。因此，

本题说法是正确的。

4、Allbearseatsimilarlyinsects,fruits,nuts,andsmallanimals.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析:文章第二段提到“Allbearsaresimilar,butindividualspeciesvaryin

size,diet,andtypeofhabitat.Forexample,polarbearsliveinfrozenArctic

wilderness,wheretheyfeedprimarilyonseals,whilesunbearsliveinAsianrain

forestsanddineoninsects,fruits,nuts,andsmallanimals.”即熊的饮食是各有不同

的，所以不能说所有的熊吃得都类似。

5、Becausebrownhearisthemostwidespreadmemberofitsfamily,theyhavemuch

variation.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题说法认为棕熊是熊家族中分布最广的一员，囚此他们有很多变

异。这句话是对文章第三段内容的总结，完全相符。

6、Ancientcaveartandmorerecentpaintingsandsculptureillustrateonlypeople'sfear

aboutbears.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第四段说到“Ancientcaveartandmorerecentpaintingsand

sculptureillustratethefearaswellasadmirationwithwhichpeopleregardtheawesome

powerandacuteintelligenceofbears.”因此除了这里提到的恐惧，还应有欣赏。

7、Inbothfairytalcsandfolkliterature,bearsarcalwaysthepositiveimage.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第四段提到“Infairytales,bearsarethesymbolicimageofbrave

deeds.Infolkliterature,thebear'shabitofdisappearinginwintermonthsand

emerginginspringevokesathemeofspiritualrenewal,thesupplyoffood,andthe

returnofprosperity.”可见熊的形象一直是正面的。

8、Visitors,injuryinUnitedStatesnationalparkswastheresultofhumanssurprising

thesenervous,shy,andeasilyfrightenedanimals.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中第四段后面提到，熊通常是避开人类的，受到惊吓才袭击。而本

段前面并未提到美国国家公园里游人是为什么受伤的。

9、Althoughallbearsaremeateaters,allbuthavebecomeomnivorous.

标准答案：polarbears

知识点解析：文中倒数第三段提到“Althoughallbearsaremembersoftheorder

Carnivoraandaremeateaters,allbutpolarbearshavebecomeomnivorous...

10>Thecanineteethofbearsareusedmoreto.

标准答案：defendthemselvesorastools

知识点解析：文章倒数第三段提到“Inbears,however,theseteetharerelatively

small,andbearstypicallyusethemmoretodefendthemselvesorastools.”

11、Mostcarnivoreswalkontheirtoesinawaythatisadaptedfbr.

标准答案：speed

知识点解析：文章倒数第二段提到“Bearswalkdifferentlythanmostcarnivores,

whichtendtowalkontheirtoesinawaythatisadaptedforspeed.”

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A^ThemanshouldhelpBillwithhisVCR.

B、ThemanshouldreadtheinstructionsforprogramminghisVCR.

C、ThemanshouldtrytotakehisVCRapart.

D^TheyshouldusetheVCRtorecordaprogram.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Takebotanyandzoologythiswinter.

B、CallDr.Hernandez.

C^Registerfbrzoology.

D、Changehismajortoscience.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Shecouldgowithhimafterwork.

Sheleftworkearly.

C>Sheavoidedhavingtoworkthisweekend.

D、Shewouldratherworkthangowiththeman.

标准答案：c:

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Hedidn'twanttopayalotfbrnewcovers.

B、Hewroteacheckatanupholstery（室内装饰）shop.

C、Hewouldliketobuyanexpensivesofa.

D^Heusedtoworkatanupholsteryshop.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Sheisneversurprised.

B、Sheissurprisedbythenews.

C^Sheislesssurprisedthantheman.

D、Nothingissurprising.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Shehasbeenwaitingfortheman.

B、Shewillstartanewjobthenextday.

C、Shedoesnotknowifshegotthejob.

D、Shedoesnotgetthejob.

标准答案：C:

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Ittakeshimseveralyearstobuildahouse.

B、Hishouseisatleastsixtyfeetlong.

C、Hehasbuilthousesforoversixyears.

D、Hebuiltahousesixty-sevenyearsago.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Hehasdifficultysolvingtheproblems.

B、Hecan^understandtheteacher.

C^Hecan^drawthediagram.

D、Hewisheshehadn'ttakentheclass.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共9题，每题上0

分,共9分。）

20、

A、KingsofancientEgypt.

B、AncientEgyptiannobles.

C^TheplacewhereEgyptiankingswerebuffed.

D、Thepreservedbodyofadeadperson.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、BeforetheEgyptiandevelopedasophisticatedtechnology.

B、Beforetherewerewheels.

C、AftertheEgyptiandevelopedasophisticatedtechnology.

D、Withtheuseofspices,oilsandlinencloth.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A^Placingthedeadintombscarvedoutofsolidrock.

B、Buildingpyramidstohousethebodiesofdeadkings.

C、Preservingdeadbodieswithoilsandspices.

D、Constructingtombswithouttheuseofwheelsorheavyequipment.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、Governmentandtaxes.

B、Workandtaxes.

C>Freedomandtaxes.

D、Deathandtaxes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Two.

Three.

C、Four.

D、Five.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Becausetheybeginjxiyingfederaltaxesfromthatday.

B>Becauseitisthelastdayforpeopletopaythecitylax.

C、Becauseitisthedeadlineforpayingfederaltaxes.

D^Becausethestatetaxisdueonthatday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、BecauseAmericanslovemeltingpot.

B、BecauseAmericanscamefromalmosteverypartoftheworld.

C^BecauseAmericaisfamousformeltingpot.

D、BecauseAmericacontainsalargenumberofpeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、

A、10,000

B、850,000

C、Millions

D、230million

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A^Siberia.

B、India.

C、China.

D^America.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

29、

A、Inanapartmentcomplex.

B、Inahotel.

C>Atafrienefshouse.

D、Hejustarrivedtodayanddoesnothaveaplacetosleepyet.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A、Thesizedoesnotmattertohim.

B、Heneedsaplacewithtwobedrooms.

C^Hejustwantstoshareaplacewithotherstudents.

D、Heneedsaverylargeapartment.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Proximitytotheuniversity.

B、Benefitsthathiswifeandchildwouldenjoy.

C、Cost.

D、Size.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A^Lackofairconditioning.

B、Distancefromtheuniversity.

C、Cost.

D、Lackoflaundryfacilitiescloseby.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A、OnJune12,1806.

B、OnFebruary12,1809.

C^Inthewinterof1816.

D、In1778.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、Hebuiltlogcabinforothers.

B、Herodehorsestocarrylogs.

C、Heworkedasacarpenterandhandyman.

D、Heworkedatthefarmsallday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A^Inalogcabin.

B、Inashelter.

C、Intheforestwithanopenfire.

D、Inasmallhouse.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Abraham'sfatherremarried.

B、ThomasLincolnwenttoKentucky.

C^TheLincolnssettledinIndiana.

D、Abrahamlosthismother.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Gettingintodebtand[Bl]ofincomeareprobablytwoofthethingsthat

internationalstudentsoftendonotconsiderwhenpreparingtolive[B2].

However,withoutafullunderstandingofpotential[B3]resultingfromdebt,

studentsoftenhavetodropoutofschoolandreturntotheircountrieswithout[B4]

theirdreamofaneducationabroad.First,toavoiddebtwhilestudyingabroad,be

sureyouhaveenoughsavingsforan[B5]yeartocovernotonlytuition,books,

androomandboard,butalsotopayfor[B6]expenseslikemedicalbills.Too

often,studentscomewiththe[B7]minimum,andthengetinto[B8]

problemswhentheygetsickorhaveanaccident.[B9].Perhapsyou

needtoaddnaveltoyourlist.Justplanonspendingmorethanyouanticipate,andifyou

don't,you'llhavemoneyleftovertopayforfutureschoolexpenses.[BIO].In

otherwords,manystudentsaresupportedbyparentsandfamilywhiletheyarestudying

abroad;however,evenparentscanlosetheirjobsduetochangesineconomicconditions,

andthiswillleavestudentstosupportthemselves.[Bl1];andputareasonable

shareofitinsavingsfora"rainyday."However,studentsneedtofollowthenationaland

locallawsofthecountrytodetermineiftheyareeligibletowork.

37、[Bl]

标准答案：loss

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：overseas

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：issues

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：fulfilling

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B5]

标准答案：entire

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：unexpected

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：bare

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：financial

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案：Also,youshouldaddincarexpenses,likegas,insurance,regular

maintenance,etc.

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Inadditiontoavoidingdebt,studentsneedtoconsiderthereliabilityof

incomethatwillsupportthemabroad

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Thus,whenendwherepossible,studentsmaywanttoconsiderfindinga

part-timejobtosupplementtheirincome

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读（选词填空）（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共

10分。）

Themen'sWorldCupisconsideredthemostpopularsportingeventintheworldandis

followedwith[SI]interestaroundtheglobe-thefinalgameofthe2002

[S2]wasplayedtoatelevisionaudienceofmorethan1billionviewers.

Foundedin1930withjust13teams,thetournamentnowattracts[S3]from

morethan200countries.Theteamsmust[S4]ineliminationgameswithintheir

ownregionsbeforequalifyingtobecomeoneofthe32nationsparticipatinginthefinal

tournament.Thewomen'sWorldCupwasfirstplayedin1991andhasgained[S5]

steadilysincethen.Morethan90,000fansattendedthefinalsofthe1999

tournament—oneofthelargestcrowdseverto[S6]awomen'ssportingevent.

Nearly75nations[S7]toqualifyforthe1999event,whichwasa16-team

eliminationtournament.In1904representativesfromsevenEuropeansoccerassociations

(France,Belgium,Denmark,TheNetherlands,Spain,Sweden,andSwitzerland)

organizedagoverningbodyforsoccer,calledFIFA.Atthatfirstmeeting,FIFAplanned

to[S8]aworldchampionship,but26yearspassedbeforeconditionswere

suitable.In1930thefirstWorldCuptournamentwasheldinUruguay.Itwaswonbythe

hostnationwitha[S9]overArgentinainthefinal.Despitebeingavoidedbythe

strongerEuropeannations,thetournamentwasa[S10]successandexcited

internationalinterest.A)organizeB)financialC)passionateD)militaryE)entriesF)

victoryG)witnessH)pursuedI)participateJ)tournamentK)attemptedL)learnM)

capabilityN)popularityO)perspective

48、[SI]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处需要一个形容词来修饰后面的名词interest,“男足世界杯被认为

是全世界最受欢迎的体育赛事，它总是被全世界球迷充满热情的关心包围

着。“interest兴趣,关心。三个形容词中financial金融的,与句义无关;military军

事的，军用的与句义无关；passionate充满热情的，由于动作的发出者是全世界球

迷，所以，球迷充满热情的关心符合题意。

49、[S2]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：从结构上看此处需要一个名词做主语，“有十亿观众在电视机前收看

了2002年男足世锦赛的决赛。”根据本句出现的thefinalgame可知，需要的是足

球赛事的名称，tournament锦标赛，符合题意。

50、[S3]

标准答案：E

知识点露析：此处需要一个名词做宾语，“1930年足球世锦赛创立时只有13只队

伍，但现在却吸引了来自200多个国家的球队。"entries个。

51、[S4]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处需要一个动词做谓语，“成为最后进入32强的球队前，每支球队

都必须在所属地区参加淘汰赛。”根据后面所接的介词in得知，participate符合题

意。

52、[S5]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处需要一个名词做宾语，本句话讲的是“女足世界杯始于1991年，

从那时起，女足世界杯就稳固地流行起来。''根据所剩的四个名词分析，

capability,perspective与句义无关;victory胜利，也不合题意;只有popularity表

示其受欢迎。

53、[S6]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此处需要一个动词构成动词不定式，本句句意为“有9万多球迷现场

观看了1999年的女足世界锦标赛，成为有史以来观看女子体育赛事几次观众最高

上座率之一。"witness看，见证。

54、[S7]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处需要一个动词做谓语后接不定式。“1999年的锦标赛更为激烈，

75支球队试图通过淘汰赛，进入16强。”除已选过的动词外，organize,learn,时

态不对；pursued追赶，从事，不合题意。因此选择auempled。

55、[S8]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处需要一个动词，在剩下的三个词中，只有organize才能使这句话

有意义。本句话的意思是“1904年，FIFA的第一次大会计划要组织一项世界锦标

赛。”

56、[S9]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：冠词后需要一个名词，本句话的意思是“1930年的第一届世锦赛是在

乌拉圭举办的，东道主在决赛中战胜阿根廷取得胜利。”因本句出现了，

won...Argentina所以选择victoryoversb.战胜某人。

57、[S10]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处需要一个形容词修饰名词，financial,military都可以修饰

success,但前文中提到世锦赛吸引了成千上万的观众，所以这里所指的成功应该是

经济上的成功。本句的意思是“世锦赛获得了巨大的经济效益，并且激发了全世界

的兴趣。”

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Warfarereferstotheuseofforceonthepartoftwoormorenationsorotherorganized

groupsforthepurposeofdecidingquestionsatissuethatcannotbesettledbydiplomatic

means.Warfaretakesavarietyofformsbesidesorganizedmilitaryconfrontations一

amongtheminsurrections（起义）,coupsd'elat（政变）,guerrilla（游击队）warfare,and

terrorism.Astateofwarcanalsoexistwithoutactualresorttoarms,suchasthecoldwar.

Themilitaryinstitutionsofanationandthewayitwageswaratedeterminedprincipally

byitsformofgovernment,socialstructure,economicstrength,andgeographical

position.BeforeWorldWarII,theUnitedStates,takingadvantageofitsisolated

geographicalpositions,maintainedonlyasmallstandingarmyanddependedonitsnavy

andthatofBritain.Warfareisemployedtobringaboutortoresistpolitical,social,or

economicchanges.Historyprovidesevidenceofsuchtangible（切实的）,andfrequently

interrelated,causesasreligiousconflict,protectionofdynastic（朝代的）succession,or

acquisitionofterritory.Warforacquisitionoflandisdirectlyrelatedtothenecessityof

providingfoodforanationoragroup;thus,pioneersettlersintheU.S.wagedwar

againsttheNativeAmericansforlandonwhichtogrowtheircropsandgrazetheircattle.

InancienttimesandduringtheMiddleAges,warswereoftenbasedonthedesireto

conquerotherpeoplesandtoincreasewealthbycollectingtaxesandtributesbyforce

fromthem.Warsarealsooftenlinkedtoadesireforsecurity,onthetheorythatase-

calledfirststrikepreventsanenemyfromcarryingoutthreats.Theoverallplandevised

todefeatanenemyiscalledstrategy.Theactualtechniquescarriedoutagainsttheenemy

aretactics,whichconsistoftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,

andinaerialcombat.Theexecutionofplans,makingpossibletheattainmentofmilitary

objectives,involvesfunctionscarriedoutbyafieldcommanderwhosetacticaljudgment

andleadershiparecritical.Logistics（后勤）,whichinvolvestransportingtroopsand

furnishingcontinuoussuppliesinsupportofmilitaryoperations,isessentialtothe

successofthemission.Mobilizingindustry,utilities,andmedicalservice,aswellas

scientificresearchfacilitiesandpropaganda（宣传）sources,arealsopartofthelogistics

planningfunction.

58、Besidesorganizedmilitaryconfrontations,whatelseformofwarismentionedinthe

firstparagraph?

A、Diplomaticnegotiations.

B、Terrorism.

C^Strike.

D、Revolutions.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段提到"Warfaretakesavarietyofformsbesidesorganized

militaryconfrontations-amongtheminsurrections,coupsd'etat,guerrillawarfare,and

terrorism”，因此选项中只有Bterrorism符合原文。

59、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themilitaryinstitutionsofanationarenot

determinedby.

A^geographicalposition

B、socialstructure

C、economicstrength

D^theleader

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第二段提到“Themilitaryinstitutionsofanationandthewayit

wageswararedeterminedprincipallybyitsformofgovernment,socialstructure,

economicstrength,andgeographicalposition.”即一个国家的军事制度和它发动战

争的方式主要由它的政府形式，社会结构，经济力量，以及地理位置决定。而不是

主观地由领导个人决定。因此选择D。

60、WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?

A、Religiousreason.

B、Territorialreason.

C、Economicmason.

D、Culturalreason.

标准答案；D

知识点解析：文章第三段提到战争的多种原因，可以是政治，社会，经济，宗教，

领域之争。而文化因素没有提到。

61、Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutstrategyandtactics?

A、Theoverallplansdevisedtodefeatanenemyarecalledtactics.

Theactualtechniquecardedoutagainsttheenemyiscalledstrategy.

C、Tacticsarcmoreconcretethanstrategy.

D、Strategyconsistsoftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,and

inaerialcombat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章坡后一段“Theoverallplandevisedtodefeatanenemyiscalled

strategy.Theactualtechniquescarriedoutagainsttheenemyaretactics,whichconsist

oftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,andinaerial

combat.”打击敌人的整体的一个计划叫做战略。具体实施的打击敌人的方法被称

做战术，战术包括了在陆地战中、海战中以及空战中打败敌人的过程和步骤。可以

推断出C是正确选项ctics要比strategy更具体，指的是具体的战术。

62Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Thedefinition,masonsandplanningofwar.

B、Thereasonsofwar.

C、Planningandorganizationofwar.

D、Actualstrategiesofwar.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：本篇短文讲的是：战争是什么，战争的原因和部署。B,C选项比较

片面，D选项文章没有着重讲到，因此，本题选择A。

OlympicGamesareinternationalsportscompetition,heldevery-fouryearsatadifferent

site,inwhichathletesfromdifferentnationscompeteagainsteachotherinavarietyof

sports.TherearctwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandtheWinter

Olympics.Through1992theywereheldinthesameyear,butbeginningin1994they

wererescheduledsothattheyareheldinalternateeven-numberedyears.Forexample,

theWinterOlympicswereheldin1994andtheSummerOlympicsin1996.TheWinter

Olympicswerenextheldin1998,andtheSummerOlympicsnextoccurredin2000.The

modemOlympicGamesbeganinAthens,Greece,in1896,twoyearsafterFrench

educatorandthinkerPierredeCoubertinproposedthattheOlympicGamesofancient

Greeceberevivedtopromoteamorepeacefulworld.Theprogramforthe1896Games,

includingonlysummerevents(theWinterOlympicswerenotestablisheduntil1924),

includedabout300athletesfromfewerthan15countriescompetingin43eventsinnine

differentsports.Incontrast,theprogram100yearslaterforthe1996SumnerOlympicsin

Atlanta,Georgia,includedmorethan10,000athletesfrommarethan190countries

competingin271eventsin29differentsports.TheOlympicGainesareadministeredby

theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC),whichisheadquarteredinLausanne,

Switzerland.TheIOCwascreatedinParis,France,in1894asanindependentcommittee

selectingitsownmembers.MostmembersarcelectediotheIOCaftersewingon(he

NationalOlympicCommittees(NOCs)oftheirowncountries.ThefirstIOCmembers

wereallfromEuropeortheAmericas,withtheexceptionofonefromNewZealand.The

committeeelecteditsfirstAsianmemberin1908anditsfirstAfricanmemberin1910.

Currently,membersfromEuropeanandNorthAmericancountriesstillaccountformuch

oftheIOCmembership.IOCmembersmustretireattheendoftheyearinwhichthey

reachtheageof80,unlesstheywereelectedbefore1966,inwhichcasetheycanserve

forlife.TheIOCoverseessuchfunctionsasdeterminingthesiteoftheOlympicGames,

theestablishmentofworldwideOlympicpolicies,andthenegotiationofOlympic

televisionbroadcastrights.TheIOCworkscloselywiththeNOCsandwiththe

InternationalAmateurAthleticFederation(theinternationalgoverni