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大学英语四级模拟试卷270
一、作文(本题共7题,每题7.0分,共7分。)
1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononhowtoreduce
stress.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.
1.现代社会人们的压力与日俱增2.压力产生的原因3.减少压力的办法
标准答案:HowtoReduceStressWiththeconstantlychangingandquickeningpaceof
modernlife,manypeopleareusedtorushingthroughtheirlife.Peoplehavelearnedto
takeitforgrantedthatthestressisandwillbeincreasingallthetime.Acertaindegreeof
stresscanpromoteourstudyandwork,buttoomuchstressiscertainlyharmful,and
sometimesmayevencauseseriousmentalandphysicalproblems.Soitisnecessaryto
knowhowtoreducestress.Stresscancomefromeverydirection.Forinstance,itcan
comefromsortsofcompetitionwithotherpeople.Itcancomewhenwehavetoomany
thingstodoandtoolittletimetodoit.Itcanalsocomewhenwedonothaveenough
moneytopayforwhatwcwant.Itcanalsocomewhenwclackconfidenceandadmire
others.Therearemanywaysthatcanhelpussolvethisproblem,butthefollowingmay
bethemosteffective.First,weshouldmakeapracticaljudgmentonourownabilityand
dowhatwecando.Don'tsetagoalthatistoohighbecausetherearemanythingsinthis
worldthatarebeyondourreach.Second,weshouldlearntobeconsiderateandtolerant.
Donottrytochangeotherpeopleorotherthings.Everythinghasitsownwayinthe
world.Third,we'dbetternot-too-muchkeenonthematerialthings.Ifyoutryto"keepup
withtheJoneses",youburdenyourselfwithstressandcanwalknolongerontheroadto
happiness.Donotharboranyjealousy,vanity,orresentmenttoothers.Besatisfiedv/ith
whatwehave.Finally,weshouldkeepfrequentcommunicationwithourrelativesand
friends.Talkwiththemwhatwewantandthinkof.Sharewiththemourhappinessand
misery.Thisallwillhelpustofee)better.Thesearenotnecessarytheonlywaystodeal
withstress,anditismyhopethateveryonecanfreefremstress,bothmentallyand
physically,andlivearelaxedhappylife.
知识点解析:暂无解析
二、快速阅读理解(本题共70题,每题7.0分,共70
分。)
Bearisagroupofinaininals(哺乳动物)distinguishedbyalarge,strongbody;powerful
limbs;densefur;andashorttail.BearsliveinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Europe,
andAsia,wheretheyoccupyawiderangeofhabitats,includingmountain,forest,and
Arcticwilderness.Overthelastcenturybearpopulationshavesteadilydeclinedas
humanshaveoverhuntedbearsandoccupiedtheirhabiiat(栖息地).Zoologists(scientists
whostudyanimals)classifyeightspeciesofbears:giantpanda,spectacledbear,sunbear.
slothbear(长毛熊),Asiaticblackbear,Americanblackbear,brownbear,andpolarbear.
Allofthesespecies,withtheexceptionofsomepopulationsofspectacledbearsandsun
bears,livenorthoftheequator.BearsarenotcurrentlyfoundinAfrica,Australia,or
Antarctica.Allbearsaresimilar,butindividualspeciesvaryinsize,diet,andtypeof
habitat.Forexample,polarbearsliveinfrozenArcticwilderness,wheretheyfeed
primarilyonseals,whilesunbearsliveinAsianironforestsanddineoninsects,fruits,
nuts,andsmallanimals.Reachingweightsof800kg,polarbearsmaygrow12times
largerthantheirsmallercousinsthesunbears,whichrarelyexceed66kginweight.
Despitetheconsiderabledivisionofitsrange,thebrovvnbearisstillthemostwidespread
memberofitsfamily.ItpersistsinscatteredpocketsfromSpaintoJapanand'inthe
northernRockyMountainsoftheUnitedStates.Populationsaremorecontinuousin
Russia,Alaska,andCanada.Thisbroadrangeencompasses(包含)muchvariation,from
enormouscoastalbrownbearsinAlaskaandKamchatkatomuchsmallerbearsin
SouthernEurope,wherelarge,dangerousindividuals(andtheirgenes)wereeliminated
longago.Therearepalecreambrownbearsandalmostblackbrownbears.Becauseof
theirfrostedcoats,brownbeamoftheNorthAmericaninteriorareuniversallycalled
grizzlies(灰熊).Bearshavelongfascinatedhumans.Ancientcaveartandmorerecent
paintingsandsculptureillustratethefearaswellasadmirationwithwhichpeopleregard
theawesomepowerandacuteintelligenceofbears.Infairytales,bearsarethesymbolic
imageofbravedeeds.Infolkliterature,thebear'shabitofdisappearinginwintermonths
andemerginginspringevokesathemeofspiritualrenewal,thesupplyoffood,andthe
returnofprosperity.Inmodemtimes,astherecreationaluseofparksandwilderness
areashasgrowndramatically,humanshaveexperiencedincreasedcontactwithbears.
Bearattacksonhumansarerare,however.Americanblackbearskilledfewerthan40
peopleduringthe20thcentury.Grizzlybears,atypeofbrownbear,aremoredangerous,
butattacksonhumansarestillrare.InUnitedStatesnationalperksthatarehometo
grizzlies,injuryratesfromgrizzlybearsareaboutonepersonper2millionvisitors.Bears
prefertoavoidhumans,butwhenattacksdooccur,theyarcusuallytheresultofhumans
surprisingthesenervous,shy,andeasilyfrightenedanimals.Bearsaregiantanimalswith
wideshoulders,ashortback,shortandthicklegs,broadpaws,andashorttail.Theyhave
alengthenedhead,roundedearsthatstandstraightup,smalleyes,andalongsnout(嘴).
Bearshuntforfoodusinganacutesenseofhearingandanextremelykeensenseof
smell—somecandetectodorsfrommorethanamileaway.Beareyesightisprobably
similarinsharpnesstohumanvision.Blackbears,andlikelyotherbears,havecolor
vision,whichhelpsthemidentifyripefruitsandnuts.Bearshave32to42teeth,
dependingonthespecies,andtheseteethreflectavarieddietofbothplantsandanimals.
Althoughallbearsaremeateaters,allbutpolarbearshavebecomeomnivorous-thatis,
theyeatmanytypesoffoods,includingroots,nuts,fruits,berries,seaweed,grasses,
honeyandants.Bearteetharenotassharporspecializedforshearing(剪毛)meatasare
thoseofsomeothercarnivores,suchascats.Forinstance,canine(犬齿)teethinmost
carnivoresaregenerallylargeandpointedandareusedforkillingprey.Inbears,
however,theseteetharerelativelysmall,andbearstypicallyusethemmoretodefend
themselvesorastools.Themolar(臼齿)teethofbearsarebroadandflat,adaptedto
shredding(撕碎)andgrindingplantfoodintosmall,easilydigestedpieces.Bearshave
fourlimbsthatendinpav/s.Eachpewhasfivelong,sharpclaws.Unlikecats,bearsare
notabletodrawbacktheirclaws.Dependingonthespecies,theseclawsmaybeusedto
climbtrees,ripopenantnestsandbeehives,diguproots,orcatchprey.Bearswalk
differentlythanmost,carnivores(食肉动物),whichtendtowalkontheirtoesinaway
thatisadaptedforspeed.Likehumans,bearswalkwiththeirweightonthesolesoftheir
hindfeet,withtheheeltouchingtheground,whilethecoesoftheforefeetareusedmore
forbalance.Thisdistributionofweighttowardthehindfeetgivesbeatsaslowpace.
Althoughbearsarcslowerthanmostothercarnivores,suchaslionsandwolves,a
runningbearcanstillroachspeedsof50km/h.Bearsarefarstrongerthanother
carnivores,andtheirlimbsaremoreflexibleandswift.Bearfurislongandhairy.Fur
colorvariesamongspecies,rangingfromallwhite,blonde,orcreamtoblackandwhite
toallblackorallbrown.Furcolormayalsovarywithinaspecies.Americanblackbears,
forinstance,maybeblack,brown,reddish-brown,orbluish-black.Severalspecies,such
asthesunbearandspectacledbear,havelighter-coloredchestandfacialmarkings.
2、BearsarefbundinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Europe,andAfrica.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:B
知识点解析:文中第一段提到"BearsliveinNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,
Europe,andAsia.”文中第二段又提至『"BearsarcnotcurrentlyfoundinAfrica,
Australia,orAntarctica.”因此熊通常说来不居住在非洲,本题的表达与文章内容
不符。
3、Bearpopulationshavedecreasedbecausehumanshaveoverhuntedhearsand
occupiedtheirhabitat.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:A
知识点解析:文中第二段末尾提到“Overthelastcer.turybearpopulationshave
steadilydeclinedashumanshaveoverhuntedbearsandoccupiedtheirhabitat.“在过去
的一个世纪,熊的数量减少是因为人类的过量猎捕和占据了他们的栖息地。因此,
本题说法是正确的。
4、Allbearseatsimilarlyinsects,fruits,nuts,andsmallanimals.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:B
知识点解析:文章第二段提到“Allbearsaresimilar,butindividualspeciesvaryin
size,diet,andtypeofhabitat.Forexample,polarbearsliveinfrozenArctic
wilderness,wheretheyfeedprimarilyonseals,whilesunbearsliveinAsianrain
forestsanddineoninsects,fruits,nuts,andsmallanimals.”即熊的饮食是各有不同
的,所以不能说所有的熊吃得都类似。
5、Becausebrownhearisthemostwidespreadmemberofitsfamily,theyhavemuch
variation.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:A
知识点解析:本题说法认为棕熊是熊家族中分布最广的一员,囚此他们有很多变
异。这句话是对文章第三段内容的总结,完全相符。
6、Ancientcaveartandmorerecentpaintingsandsculptureillustrateonlypeople'sfear
aboutbears.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:B
知识点解析:文章第四段说到“Ancientcaveartandmorerecentpaintingsand
sculptureillustratethefearaswellasadmirationwithwhichpeopleregardtheawesome
powerandacuteintelligenceofbears.”因此除了这里提到的恐惧,还应有欣赏。
7、Inbothfairytalcsandfolkliterature,bearsarcalwaysthepositiveimage.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:A
知识点解析:文章第四段提到“Infairytales,bearsarethesymbolicimageofbrave
deeds.Infolkliterature,thebear'shabitofdisappearinginwintermonthsand
emerginginspringevokesathemeofspiritualrenewal,thesupplyoffood,andthe
returnofprosperity.”可见熊的形象一直是正面的。
8、Visitors,injuryinUnitedStatesnationalparkswastheresultofhumanssurprising
thesenervous,shy,andeasilyfrightenedanimals.
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
标准答案:C
知识点解析:文中第四段后面提到,熊通常是避开人类的,受到惊吓才袭击。而本
段前面并未提到美国国家公园里游人是为什么受伤的。
9、Althoughallbearsaremeateaters,allbuthavebecomeomnivorous.
标准答案:polarbears
知识点解析:文中倒数第三段提到“Althoughallbearsaremembersoftheorder
Carnivoraandaremeateaters,allbutpolarbearshavebecomeomnivorous...
10>Thecanineteethofbearsareusedmoreto.
标准答案:defendthemselvesorastools
知识点解析:文章倒数第三段提到“Inbears,however,theseteetharerelatively
small,andbearstypicallyusethemmoretodefendthemselvesorastools.”
11、Mostcarnivoreswalkontheirtoesinawaythatisadaptedfbr.
标准答案:speed
知识点解析:文章倒数第二段提到“Bearswalkdifferentlythanmostcarnivores,
whichtendtowalkontheirtoesinawaythatisadaptedforspeed.”
三、听力短对话(本题共8题,每题7.0分,共8分。)
12、
A^ThemanshouldhelpBillwithhisVCR.
B、ThemanshouldreadtheinstructionsforprogramminghisVCR.
C、ThemanshouldtrytotakehisVCRapart.
D^TheyshouldusetheVCRtorecordaprogram.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
13、
A、Takebotanyandzoologythiswinter.
B、CallDr.Hernandez.
C^Registerfbrzoology.
D、Changehismajortoscience.
标准答案:c
知识点解析:暂无解析
14、
A、Shecouldgowithhimafterwork.
Sheleftworkearly.
C>Sheavoidedhavingtoworkthisweekend.
D、Shewouldratherworkthangowiththeman.
标准答案:c:
知识点解析:暂无解析
15、
A、Hedidn'twanttopayalotfbrnewcovers.
B、Hewroteacheckatanupholstery(室内装饰)shop.
C、Hewouldliketobuyanexpensivesofa.
D^Heusedtoworkatanupholsteryshop.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
16、
A、Sheisneversurprised.
B、Sheissurprisedbythenews.
C^Sheislesssurprisedthantheman.
D、Nothingissurprising.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
17、
A、Shehasbeenwaitingfortheman.
B、Shewillstartanewjobthenextday.
C、Shedoesnotknowifshegotthejob.
D、Shedoesnotgetthejob.
标准答案:C:
知识点解析:暂无解析
18、
A、Ittakeshimseveralyearstobuildahouse.
B、Hishouseisatleastsixtyfeetlong.
C、Hehasbuilthousesforoversixyears.
D、Hebuiltahousesixty-sevenyearsago.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:暂无解析
19、
A、Hehasdifficultysolvingtheproblems.
B、Hecan^understandtheteacher.
C^Hecan^drawthediagram.
D、Hewisheshehadn'ttakentheclass.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
四、听力长对话(含3小题)(本题共9题,每题上0
分,共9分。)
20、
A、KingsofancientEgypt.
B、AncientEgyptiannobles.
C^TheplacewhereEgyptiankingswerebuffed.
D、Thepreservedbodyofadeadperson.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:暂无解析
21、
A、BeforetheEgyptiandevelopedasophisticatedtechnology.
B、Beforetherewerewheels.
C、AftertheEgyptiandevelopedasophisticatedtechnology.
D、Withtheuseofspices,oilsandlinencloth.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
22、
A^Placingthedeadintombscarvedoutofsolidrock.
B、Buildingpyramidstohousethebodiesofdeadkings.
C、Preservingdeadbodieswithoilsandspices.
D、Constructingtombswithouttheuseofwheelsorheavyequipment.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:暂无解析
23、
A、Governmentandtaxes.
B、Workandtaxes.
C>Freedomandtaxes.
D、Deathandtaxes.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:暂无解析
24、
A、Two.
Three.
C、Four.
D、Five.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
25、
A、Becausetheybeginjxiyingfederaltaxesfromthatday.
B>Becauseitisthelastdayforpeopletopaythecitylax.
C、Becauseitisthedeadlineforpayingfederaltaxes.
D^Becausethestatetaxisdueonthatday.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:暂无解析
26、
A、BecauseAmericanslovemeltingpot.
B、BecauseAmericanscamefromalmosteverypartoftheworld.
C^BecauseAmericaisfamousformeltingpot.
D、BecauseAmericacontainsalargenumberofpeople.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
27、
A、10,000
B、850,000
C、Millions
D、230million
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
28、
A^Siberia.
B、India.
C、China.
D^America.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
五、听力长对话(含4小题)(本题共4题,每题1.0
分,共4分。)
29、
A、Inanapartmentcomplex.
B、Inahotel.
C>Atafrienefshouse.
D、Hejustarrivedtodayanddoesnothaveaplacetosleepyet.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
30、
A、Thesizedoesnotmattertohim.
B、Heneedsaplacewithtwobedrooms.
C^Hejustwantstoshareaplacewithotherstudents.
D、Heneedsaverylargeapartment.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
31、
A、Proximitytotheuniversity.
B、Benefitsthathiswifeandchildwouldenjoy.
C、Cost.
D、Size.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
32、
A^Lackofairconditioning.
B、Distancefromtheuniversity.
C、Cost.
D、Lackoflaundryfacilitiescloseby.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
六、听力短文(含4小题)(本题共4题,每题1.0
分,共4分。)
33、
A、OnJune12,1806.
B、OnFebruary12,1809.
C^Inthewinterof1816.
D、In1778.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:暂无解析
34、
A、Hebuiltlogcabinforothers.
B、Herodehorsestocarrylogs.
C、Heworkedasacarpenterandhandyman.
D、Heworkedatthefarmsallday.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:暂无解析
35、
A^Inalogcabin.
B、Inashelter.
C、Intheforestwithanopenfire.
D、Inasmallhouse.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:暂无解析
36、
A、Abraham'sfatherremarried.
B、ThomasLincolnwenttoKentucky.
C^TheLincolnssettledinIndiana.
D、Abrahamlosthismother.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:暂无解析
七、听力复合式听写(本题共〃题,每题7.0分,共
〃分。)
Gettingintodebtand[Bl]ofincomeareprobablytwoofthethingsthat
internationalstudentsoftendonotconsiderwhenpreparingtolive[B2].
However,withoutafullunderstandingofpotential[B3]resultingfromdebt,
studentsoftenhavetodropoutofschoolandreturntotheircountrieswithout[B4]
theirdreamofaneducationabroad.First,toavoiddebtwhilestudyingabroad,be
sureyouhaveenoughsavingsforan[B5]yeartocovernotonlytuition,books,
androomandboard,butalsotopayfor[B6]expenseslikemedicalbills.Too
often,studentscomewiththe[B7]minimum,andthengetinto[B8]
problemswhentheygetsickorhaveanaccident.[B9].Perhapsyou
needtoaddnaveltoyourlist.Justplanonspendingmorethanyouanticipate,andifyou
don't,you'llhavemoneyleftovertopayforfutureschoolexpenses.[BIO].In
otherwords,manystudentsaresupportedbyparentsandfamilywhiletheyarestudying
abroad;however,evenparentscanlosetheirjobsduetochangesineconomicconditions,
andthiswillleavestudentstosupportthemselves.[Bl1];andputareasonable
shareofitinsavingsfora"rainyday."However,studentsneedtofollowthenationaland
locallawsofthecountrytodetermineiftheyareeligibletowork.
37、[Bl]
标准答案:loss
知识点解析:暂无解析
38、[B2]
标准答案:overseas
知识点解析:暂无解析
39、[B3]
标准答案:issues
知识点解析:暂无解析
40、[B4]
标准答案:fulfilling
知识点解析:暂无解析
41、[B5]
标准答案:entire
知识点解析:暂无解析
42、[B6]
标准答案:unexpected
知识点解析:暂无解析
43、[B7]
标准答案:bare
知识点解析:暂无解析
44、[B8]
标准答案:financial
知识点解析:暂无解析
45、[B9]
标准答案:Also,youshouldaddincarexpenses,likegas,insurance,regular
maintenance,etc.
知识点解析:暂无解析
46、[BIO]
标准答案:Inadditiontoavoidingdebt,studentsneedtoconsiderthereliabilityof
incomethatwillsupportthemabroad
知识点解析:暂无解析
47、[Bll]
标准答案:Thus,whenendwherepossible,studentsmaywanttoconsiderfindinga
part-timejobtosupplementtheirincome
知识点解析:暂无解析
八、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题,每题1.0分,共
10分。)
Themen'sWorldCupisconsideredthemostpopularsportingeventintheworldandis
followedwith[SI]interestaroundtheglobe-thefinalgameofthe2002
[S2]wasplayedtoatelevisionaudienceofmorethan1billionviewers.
Foundedin1930withjust13teams,thetournamentnowattracts[S3]from
morethan200countries.Theteamsmust[S4]ineliminationgameswithintheir
ownregionsbeforequalifyingtobecomeoneofthe32nationsparticipatinginthefinal
tournament.Thewomen'sWorldCupwasfirstplayedin1991andhasgained[S5]
steadilysincethen.Morethan90,000fansattendedthefinalsofthe1999
tournament—oneofthelargestcrowdseverto[S6]awomen'ssportingevent.
Nearly75nations[S7]toqualifyforthe1999event,whichwasa16-team
eliminationtournament.In1904representativesfromsevenEuropeansoccerassociations
(France,Belgium,Denmark,TheNetherlands,Spain,Sweden,andSwitzerland)
organizedagoverningbodyforsoccer,calledFIFA.Atthatfirstmeeting,FIFAplanned
to[S8]aworldchampionship,but26yearspassedbeforeconditionswere
suitable.In1930thefirstWorldCuptournamentwasheldinUruguay.Itwaswonbythe
hostnationwitha[S9]overArgentinainthefinal.Despitebeingavoidedbythe
strongerEuropeannations,thetournamentwasa[S10]successandexcited
internationalinterest.A)organizeB)financialC)passionateD)militaryE)entriesF)
victoryG)witnessH)pursuedI)participateJ)tournamentK)attemptedL)learnM)
capabilityN)popularityO)perspective
48、[SI]
标准答案:C
知识点解析:此处需要一个形容词来修饰后面的名词interest,“男足世界杯被认为
是全世界最受欢迎的体育赛事,它总是被全世界球迷充满热情的关心包围
着。“interest兴趣,关心。三个形容词中financial金融的,与句义无关;military军
事的,军用的与句义无关;passionate充满热情的,由于动作的发出者是全世界球
迷,所以,球迷充满热情的关心符合题意。
49、[S2]
标准答案:J
知识点解析:从结构上看此处需要一个名词做主语,“有十亿观众在电视机前收看
了2002年男足世锦赛的决赛。”根据本句出现的thefinalgame可知,需要的是足
球赛事的名称,tournament锦标赛,符合题意。
50、[S3]
标准答案:E
知识点露析:此处需要一个名词做宾语,“1930年足球世锦赛创立时只有13只队
伍,但现在却吸引了来自200多个国家的球队。"entries个。
51、[S4]
标准答案:I
知识点解析:此处需要一个动词做谓语,“成为最后进入32强的球队前,每支球队
都必须在所属地区参加淘汰赛。”根据后面所接的介词in得知,participate符合题
意。
52、[S5]
标准答案:N
知识点解析:此处需要一个名词做宾语,本句话讲的是“女足世界杯始于1991年,
从那时起,女足世界杯就稳固地流行起来。''根据所剩的四个名词分析,
capability,perspective与句义无关;victory胜利,也不合题意;只有popularity表
示其受欢迎。
53、[S6]
标准答案:G
知识点解析:此处需要一个动词构成动词不定式,本句句意为“有9万多球迷现场
观看了1999年的女足世界锦标赛,成为有史以来观看女子体育赛事几次观众最高
上座率之一。"witness看,见证。
54、[S7]
标准答案:K
知识点解析:此处需要一个动词做谓语后接不定式。“1999年的锦标赛更为激烈,
75支球队试图通过淘汰赛,进入16强。”除已选过的动词外,organize,learn,时
态不对;pursued追赶,从事,不合题意。因此选择auempled。
55、[S8]
标准答案:A
知识点解析:此处需要一个动词,在剩下的三个词中,只有organize才能使这句话
有意义。本句话的意思是“1904年,FIFA的第一次大会计划要组织一项世界锦标
赛。”
56、[S9]
标准答案:F
知识点解析:冠词后需要一个名词,本句话的意思是“1930年的第一届世锦赛是在
乌拉圭举办的,东道主在决赛中战胜阿根廷取得胜利。”因本句出现了,
won...Argentina所以选择victoryoversb.战胜某人。
57、[S10]
标准答案:B
知识点解析:此处需要一个形容词修饰名词,financial,military都可以修饰
success,但前文中提到世锦赛吸引了成千上万的观众,所以这里所指的成功应该是
经济上的成功。本句的意思是“世锦赛获得了巨大的经济效益,并且激发了全世界
的兴趣。”
九、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共10题,每题1.0
分,共10分。)
Warfarereferstotheuseofforceonthepartoftwoormorenationsorotherorganized
groupsforthepurposeofdecidingquestionsatissuethatcannotbesettledbydiplomatic
means.Warfaretakesavarietyofformsbesidesorganizedmilitaryconfrontations一
amongtheminsurrections(起义),coupsd'elat(政变),guerrilla(游击队)warfare,and
terrorism.Astateofwarcanalsoexistwithoutactualresorttoarms,suchasthecoldwar.
Themilitaryinstitutionsofanationandthewayitwageswaratedeterminedprincipally
byitsformofgovernment,socialstructure,economicstrength,andgeographical
position.BeforeWorldWarII,theUnitedStates,takingadvantageofitsisolated
geographicalpositions,maintainedonlyasmallstandingarmyanddependedonitsnavy
andthatofBritain.Warfareisemployedtobringaboutortoresistpolitical,social,or
economicchanges.Historyprovidesevidenceofsuchtangible(切实的),andfrequently
interrelated,causesasreligiousconflict,protectionofdynastic(朝代的)succession,or
acquisitionofterritory.Warforacquisitionoflandisdirectlyrelatedtothenecessityof
providingfoodforanationoragroup;thus,pioneersettlersintheU.S.wagedwar
againsttheNativeAmericansforlandonwhichtogrowtheircropsandgrazetheircattle.
InancienttimesandduringtheMiddleAges,warswereoftenbasedonthedesireto
conquerotherpeoplesandtoincreasewealthbycollectingtaxesandtributesbyforce
fromthem.Warsarealsooftenlinkedtoadesireforsecurity,onthetheorythatase-
calledfirststrikepreventsanenemyfromcarryingoutthreats.Theoverallplandevised
todefeatanenemyiscalledstrategy.Theactualtechniquescarriedoutagainsttheenemy
aretactics,whichconsistoftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,
andinaerialcombat.Theexecutionofplans,makingpossibletheattainmentofmilitary
objectives,involvesfunctionscarriedoutbyafieldcommanderwhosetacticaljudgment
andleadershiparecritical.Logistics(后勤),whichinvolvestransportingtroopsand
furnishingcontinuoussuppliesinsupportofmilitaryoperations,isessentialtothe
successofthemission.Mobilizingindustry,utilities,andmedicalservice,aswellas
scientificresearchfacilitiesandpropaganda(宣传)sources,arealsopartofthelogistics
planningfunction.
58、Besidesorganizedmilitaryconfrontations,whatelseformofwarismentionedinthe
firstparagraph?
A、Diplomaticnegotiations.
B、Terrorism.
C^Strike.
D、Revolutions.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:文章第一段提到"Warfaretakesavarietyofformsbesidesorganized
militaryconfrontations-amongtheminsurrections,coupsd'etat,guerrillawarfare,and
terrorism”,因此选项中只有Bterrorism符合原文。
59、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themilitaryinstitutionsofanationarenot
determinedby.
A^geographicalposition
B、socialstructure
C、economicstrength
D^theleader
标准答案:D
知识点解析:文章第二段提到“Themilitaryinstitutionsofanationandthewayit
wageswararedeterminedprincipallybyitsformofgovernment,socialstructure,
economicstrength,andgeographicalposition.”即一个国家的军事制度和它发动战
争的方式主要由它的政府形式,社会结构,经济力量,以及地理位置决定。而不是
主观地由领导个人决定。因此选择D。
60、WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?
A、Religiousreason.
B、Territorialreason.
C、Economicmason.
D、Culturalreason.
标准答案;D
知识点解析:文章第三段提到战争的多种原因,可以是政治,社会,经济,宗教,
领域之争。而文化因素没有提到。
61、Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutstrategyandtactics?
A、Theoverallplansdevisedtodefeatanenemyarecalledtactics.
Theactualtechniquecardedoutagainsttheenemyiscalledstrategy.
C、Tacticsarcmoreconcretethanstrategy.
D、Strategyconsistsoftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,and
inaerialcombat.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:根据文章坡后一段“Theoverallplandevisedtodefeatanenemyiscalled
strategy.Theactualtechniquescarriedoutagainsttheenemyaretactics,whichconsist
oftheproceduresforwinningonthebattlefield,innavalbattle,andinaerial
combat.”打击敌人的整体的一个计划叫做战略。具体实施的打击敌人的方法被称
做战术,战术包括了在陆地战中、海战中以及空战中打败敌人的过程和步骤。可以
推断出C是正确选项ctics要比strategy更具体,指的是具体的战术。
62Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A、Thedefinition,masonsandplanningofwar.
B、Thereasonsofwar.
C、Planningandorganizationofwar.
D、Actualstrategiesofwar.
标准答案:A-
知识点解析:本篇短文讲的是:战争是什么,战争的原因和部署。B,C选项比较
片面,D选项文章没有着重讲到,因此,本题选择A。
OlympicGamesareinternationalsportscompetition,heldevery-fouryearsatadifferent
site,inwhichathletesfromdifferentnationscompeteagainsteachotherinavarietyof
sports.TherearctwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandtheWinter
Olympics.Through1992theywereheldinthesameyear,butbeginningin1994they
wererescheduledsothattheyareheldinalternateeven-numberedyears.Forexample,
theWinterOlympicswereheldin1994andtheSummerOlympicsin1996.TheWinter
Olympicswerenextheldin1998,andtheSummerOlympicsnextoccurredin2000.The
modemOlympicGamesbeganinAthens,Greece,in1896,twoyearsafterFrench
educatorandthinkerPierredeCoubertinproposedthattheOlympicGamesofancient
Greeceberevivedtopromoteamorepeacefulworld.Theprogramforthe1896Games,
includingonlysummerevents(theWinterOlympicswerenotestablisheduntil1924),
includedabout300athletesfromfewerthan15countriescompetingin43eventsinnine
differentsports.Incontrast,theprogram100yearslaterforthe1996SumnerOlympicsin
Atlanta,Georgia,includedmorethan10,000athletesfrommarethan190countries
competingin271eventsin29differentsports.TheOlympicGainesareadministeredby
theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC),whichisheadquarteredinLausanne,
Switzerland.TheIOCwascreatedinParis,France,in1894asanindependentcommittee
selectingitsownmembers.MostmembersarcelectediotheIOCaftersewingon(he
NationalOlympicCommittees(NOCs)oftheirowncountries.ThefirstIOCmembers
wereallfromEuropeortheAmericas,withtheexceptionofonefromNewZealand.The
committeeelecteditsfirstAsianmemberin1908anditsfirstAfricanmemberin1910.
Currently,membersfromEuropeanandNorthAmericancountriesstillaccountformuch
oftheIOCmembership.IOCmembersmustretireattheendoftheyearinwhichthey
reachtheageof80,unlesstheywereelectedbefore1966,inwhichcasetheycanserve
forlife.TheIOCoverseessuchfunctionsasdeterminingthesiteoftheOlympicGames,
theestablishmentofworldwideOlympicpolicies,andthenegotiationofOlympic
televisionbroadcastrights.TheIOCworkscloselywiththeNOCsandwiththe
InternationalAmateurAthleticFederation(theinternationalgoverni
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